Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Sector: CONSTRUCTION
Qualification Title: CARPENTRY NC III
PREREQUISITE :
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Plans and details are correctly identified and interpreted according
to job requirements
2. Materials, tools and equipment are identified and prepared consistent
with job requirements
3. Materials are re-checked for correct specifications to ensure that they
are free from defects; otherwise defects are reported to immediate
supervisor for appropriate action
4. Unexpected situations are dealt with according to company rules and
regulations
5. Appropriate PPE is selected according to safety standards and
regulations
CONDITIONS:
You must be provided with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Hammer Hand Saw
Marking Tools Chalk Line
Measuring Tools Water Hose Level
Nylon String Plumb Bob
Steel Square Hand Saw
Try-square PPE
3. TRAINING MATERIALS Circular Saw
Leaning Packages
Bond paper
Ball pens
Manuals
Related References
ASSESSMENT METHOD
1. Portfolio
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to recognize the
different types of drawings and their uses.
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
Generally, construction or "working" drawings furnish enough
information for the Builder to complete an entire project and incorporate all
three main groups of drawings-architectural, electrical, and mechanical.
Normally, construction drawings include the detail drawings,
assembly drawings, bill of materials, and the specifications.
Construction drawings consist mostly of right-angle and
perpendicular views prepared by draftsmen using standard technical
drawing techniques, symbols, and other designations. The first section
of the construction drawings consists of the site plan, plot plan,
foundation plans, floor plans, and framing
plans. General drawings
consist of plans (views from
above) and elevations (side
or front views) drawn on a
relatively small scale. Both
types of drawings use a
standard set of architectural
symbols. Figure 1 illustrates
the conventional symbols for
the more common types of
material used on structures.
Figure 2 shows the more
common symbols used for
doors and windows. Study
these symbols thoroughly
before proceeding further in
this chapter.
A. Site Plan
A site plan shows the contours,
boundaries, roads, utilities, trees,
structures, and any other significant
physical features on or near the
construction site. The locations of
proposed structures are shown in
outline.
C. Foundation Plan
A foundation plan is a plane view of a structure. That is, it looks as if
it were projected onto a horizontal plane and passed through the structure.
In the case of the foundation plan, the plane is slightly below the level of
the top of the foundation wall.
Figure 6. Shows the way a floor plan is developed: from elevation, to cutting
plane, to floor plan.
F. Framing Plans
Framing plans show the size, number, and location of the
structural members (steel or wood) that make up the building framework.
Separate framing plans may be drawn for the floors, walls, and roof.
The floor framing plan must specify the sizes and spacing of joists,
girders, and columns used to support the floor.
G. Sectional Views
Sectional views, or sections, provide important information about the
height, materials, fastening and support systems, and concealed features of
a structure.
H. Details
Details are large-scale drawings
that show the builders of a structure
how its various parts are to be
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Identify the types of plans on the following statement. Choose
the letter of the correct answer.
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. A
MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to recognize the
different specification of materials used in finishing carpentry.
1. Grades
Code Meaning
S1E SURFACED 1 EDGE
S2E SURFACED 2 EDGES
S1S SURFACED 1 SIDE
S2S SURFACED 2 SIDES
S1S1E SURFACED 1 SIDE AND EDGE
S2SIE SURFACED 2 SIDES AND 1 EDGE
S1S2E SURFACED 1 SIDE AND 2 EDGES
S4S SURFACED 4 SIDES
2. Uses of Lumber
Plywood is usually 4 x 8
feet and varies from 1/8 to 1 inch
in thickness.
a. Wire Nails. Wire nails are divided into five main types:
Finishing Nails - The head of a finishing nail is only slightly
larger in diameter than the body of the nail so that it can be
embedded (set) into the surface of the wood. There is a slight
depression on the top of the head to prevent the nail set from
slipping off the head. The small hole that is made in the wood is
filled with putty or some other type of filler to hide the nail when
the surface is finished.
d. Drywall Nails. Drywall nails are used for hanging drywall and have
a special coating to prevent rust.
Nail sizes are given by penny number from two penny to sixty penny .
A small letter d is the recognized abbreviation for penny. The penny number
refers to the length of the nail. Nails are normally packaged in 50-pound
boxes. Table 4 gives the general sizes and types of nails preferred for
specific applications.
Table 3. Nail sizes
b. Wood Screws. Wood screws are made of iron, bronze, brass, copper,
or other metals; however, some are coated with nickel or chrome to
match special-finish hardware. The main types of wood screws are
roundhead, oval head, and flathead, which can be either slotted or
Phillips head.
Roundhead Screws - used on a surface where the heads will show.
The head is not countersunk, and for this reason it should have a
pleasing finish-either blued or polished. If slotted-head, the screw
slot should always be left in a parallel position to the grain of the
wood.
a. Stove Bolts. Stove bolts are used mostly with small items of
hardware. Roundhead or flathead stove bolts range in length from
3/8 to 6 inches. They are used in light construction.
1. Grade A lumber
2. No. 1 common
3. 4ftx8ft
4. Finishing nail
5. Common nail
6. Wood screws
7. drive screws
8. Anchor bolts
9. Carriage bolts
10. Pivot-type
Example: Under the 8-inch mark on the guideline, moving left from 14,
the numbers 9 and 4 appear (9 and 4 should be on the same line as 14).
The number to the left of the vertical line represents feet; the number to
the right represents inches.
NOTE: 1" x 4" = Always multiply the number of pieces by the thickness
and multiply the feet and inches by the sum of pieces and thickness.
1. 2 sq.feet
2. 8 sq.feet
3. 6.67 or 7 sq.feet
4. 48 sq.feet
5. 10.67 or 11 sq.feet
6. 18 sq.feet
7. 8 sq.feet
8. 6 sq.feet
9. 4 sq.feet
10. 11.67 or 12 sq.feet
11. 16 sq.feet
12. 48 sq.feet
• Wall Sheating
• Ceiling
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Wall/floor and ceiling patterns are laid-out according to job
specifications
2. Materials are cut and fitted according to required size with + 3mm for
squareness, plumbness, levelness and dimensions
3. Finished materials are laid-out in correct positions
4. Unexpected situations are responded to in line with work place
requirement
5. Housekeeping is performed according to safety regulations
6. Appropriate PPE are used according to OSHC regulations
CONDITIONS:
You must be provided with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Hammer Hand Saw
Marking Tools Chalk Line
Measuring Tools Water Hose Level
Nylon String Plumb Bob
Steel Square Hand Saw
Try-square PPE
3. TRAINING MATERIALS Circular Saw
Leaning Packages
Bond paper
Ball pens
Manuals
Related References
ASSESSMENT METHOD
1. Portfolio
Wood structural panels are typically installed with the long dimension at
right angles to the joists and with the panel continuous over two or more
spans. Spacing between panels should be approximately 1/8 inch.
C. Finish Floors - these are usually applied to a structural base but may
form part of the floor structure as in the case of floor boards. Most
finishes are chosen to fulfill a particular function such as:
Appearance - chosen mainly for their aesthetic appeal or effect but
should however have reasonable wearing properties. Examples are
carpets; carpet tiles and wood blocks.
High Resistance - chosen mainly for their wearing and impact
resistance properties and for high usage areas such as kitchens.
Examples are quarry tiles and granolithic paving.
Hygiene - chosen to provide an impervious easy to clean surface with
reasonable aesthetic appeal. Examples are quarry tiles and polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) sheets and tiles.
1. Subfloor
2. Underlayment
3. Appearance
4. Plank flooring
5. Parquet flooring
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it
right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1. Sheating
2. Plywood
3. Finish siding
4. Beveled siding
5. drywall
A. Introduction
Ceilings may be constructed of wood or wallboard. Wood ceilings
present day practice utilizes 4 by 8 foot plywood, sheets in ¼-inch
thicknesses. Normal ceiling joist spacing 16 and 24 inches on center is
sufficient for nailing support. Plywood may be exposed, covered with
wood molding, bevel and utilize metal divider strip molding.
The size and shape of the ceiling will largely determine of three
methods of applying wallboard will be used, as shown in figure 51. In all
cases, the facelayer is applied at right angle in the direction of the first
layer. When the number of pieces with their sizes have been determined,
proceed as follows:
a. Sheetrock - Cut the panels and treat the joints the same as for walls
and partitions, making sure that joints break on the centers of ceiling
joists. A brace may be constructed and used to raise and hold a sheet in
place when fitting and nailing the sheet to the ceiling joists. Nail sheets
with the lengths going across ceiling joists to prevent sagging.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_______1. May be constructed in wood or a. ½ to 2 inches
wallboard b. ¼ inches
_______2. Normal ceiling joist spacing c. 16 and 24 inches
_______3. Wood ceiling thickness d. 90 degrees
_______4. Angle of facelayer when applied e. 4x8 feet
to first layer f. Ceiling
_______5. Fiberboard sheet thickness
1. Ceiling
2. 16 and 24 inches
3. ¼ inches
4. 90 degrees
5. ½ to 2 inches
Finish Flooring
Installing Wall Sheats
Paneling the Ceiling
Moldings
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Finished materials are aligned, tacked and nailed according to lay-out
2. Installed finished materials connections, levelness, smoothness
are checked according to job requirements
3. Work area is cleaned and made safe according to OHS regulation
4. Final checks are made to ensure that work conforms with instructions
and to requirements
5. Completion report is prepared and submitted to appropriate officer
6. Unexpected situations are dealt with according to company rules
and regulations
CONDITIONS:
You must be provided with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Hammer Hand Saw
Marking Tools Chalk Line
Measuring Tools Water Hose Level
Nylon String Plumb Bob
Steel Square Hand Saw
Try-square PPE
3. TRAINING MATERIALS Circular Saw
Leaning Packages
Bond paper
Ball pens
Manuals
Related References
ASSESSMENT METHOD
1. Portfolio
j. Look at baseline L in Figure 56. When the finished floor has been laid
up to line 2, the starter board 3 in the largest room should be laid.
The front edge of this board should be the same distance from the
chalk line L as the front edge of board 2. This ensures that the boards
will come out evenly at the door opening, where the flooring passes
from room 1 to room 2.
Continue to cut, fit, and nail the flooring until the board
_____________1)
marked 2 has been reached.
_____________2) Select a long straight piece of flooring for the first board.
Place this piece of flooring in position with the grooved edge toward the wall.
_____________3) Face nail the board at A with a finish nail, but do not drive
the nail home.
_____________4) Measure the distance X from the face of the fist board to the
chalk line L.
_____________5) Make sure the board joints are staggered.
_____________6) Use a straightedge to ensure that board 1 is straight. Then
face nail the board every 12 inches. Nail as close to the wall as possible.
_____________7) Transfer this distance to Y and set a nail at B. Now board 1
is parallel to the chalk line L and to the longest wall in the largest room.
_____________8) Blind nail the rest of the tongue-and-groove flooring. To
draw up the tongue-and-groove flooring for nailing, use a short piece of
tongue-and groove lumber as a straightedge and a hammer to drive
the flooring up tight.
_____________9) Stand on the board to be nailed when nailing the floor in
place to hold the strips of flooring in place.
_____________10) Now, cut the last few boards, open up the groove in the
boards, place them in position, draw them tightly together, and surface nail
them in place.
_____________11) When the finished floor has been laid up to line 2, the
starter board 3 in the largest room should be laid. The front edge of this
board should be the same distance from the chalk line L as the front edge of
board 2. This ensures that the boards will come out evenly at the door
opening, where the flooring passes from room 1 to room 2.
_____________12) Continue laying the floor until you are within two or three
boards from the opposite wall.
1. 6 7. 4
2. 1 8. 8
3. 2 9. 9
4. 3 10. 12
5. 7 11. 10
6. 5 12. 11
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right,
refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1. 2
2. 1
3. 4
4. 3
Figure 59. Do not hit the nail hard enough to break the outside cover paper on
the wallboard
___________1) Nail on the first layer parallel to the ceiling joists. Span
the entire width of the room with one piece if possible. If this is
not possible, stagger the end joints.
___________2) Even if the walls are to be covered, start by applying the
first piece of base wallboard to the ceiling.
___________3) Use only enough nails in the face layer to hold it in place.
Drive the nails in so that the heads are slightly below the surface
of the wallboard.
___________4) Start the application of the face layers. Nail all face layers
on at right angles to the base layers. Special adhesive, usually
supplied with the boards, is mixed and spread on the backs of the
face layer with a notched trowel. This "buttered side" is then placed
against the base coat and nailed.
___________5) Seal all joints and nail holes.
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it
right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1. 2
2. 1
3. 4
4. 3
5. 5
A. Base Moldings
B. Ceiling Moldings
Ceiling moldings are sometimes used at the junction of the wall and
the ceiling to finish the sheetrock paneling (sheetrock or wood). Inside
Carpentry NC III Date Developed: Document No.
JZGMSAT Issued by:
Install Architectural October 22, 2010
QA Page 68 of 71
Ceiling, Wall Sheats/ Developed by:
SYSTEM
Panels &Floor Finishes Glenn F. Salandanan
Revision # ____
corners should be coped joints. This ensures a tight joint even if minor
moisture changes occur. Figure 63 shows ceiling molding. For sheetrock
walls, a small, simple molding might be best. For large moldings, finish
nails should be driven into the upper wallplates and also into the ceiling
joist, when possible. (For plastered ceilings, a cutback edge at the outside of
the molding will partially conceal any unevenness of the plaster and make
painting easier where there are color changes.)
_______1) Moldings sometimes used at the junction of the wall and the
ceiling to finish the sheetrock paneling (sheetrock or wood).
_______2) The trim between the finished wall and the floor. It is available in
several widths and forms.
_______3) Installed with a butt joint at the inside corners and a mitered
joint at the outside corners.
_______6) Baseboards which are 3/4 x 3 1/4 inches or wider and vary from
1/2 x 2 1/4 inches to 1/2 x 3 1/4 inches or wider.
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it
right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1. Ceiling Moldings
2. Base molding
3. Baseboards
4. Finish nails
5. Square-edge baseboards
6. Narrow- and wide-ranch base