Provide the answer for the following.

Write your answer on a long size bond

paper.

1. Give 5 application areas of industrial electronics. What electronic

device is used? Describe each.
1. Rectification – Power Supply
2. Motor Control – Remote Control
3. Amplification – Amplifier
4. Regulation – Radio
5. Measurement – Digital Thermometer
2. Make a pictorial diagram, given brief history of industrial electronics above.

3. Explain in one paragraph, why should you use only one hand in
working with energized equipment?
We should use only one of our hand in working with energized
equipment to avoid electric shock mostly when we are working on a
powered equipment. Also using one hand can decrease the electric
shock that may occur while working on the equipment. If you are
 not used using only one hand, seek help for professional and
practice using one hand for safety.
4. Give 5 examples of job opportunities where knowledge in industrial
electronic is applied. Explain each.
1. Electronics Technician – as a technician the nature of their works
are related to industrial electronics as they repair and maintain the
quality of an equipment.
2. . Electronics Engineer – as an engineer, they designs things that
requires them the knowledge in industrial electronics. It helps them
identify and understand the works of each equipment.
3. Electrical Technician – they applied the industrial electronics as
they used also some of electronics components and they have the
similarity in their nature of work.
4. Electrical Engineer – as they designs layouts and prototypes they
used their knowledge in industrial electronics since it has similarity
to their works and the behavior of their components and electricity
usage.
5. Computer Technician – they applied industrial electronics
because most of their works has similarity to an electronic
technician. Their work involves to the study of electronics also.

5. Give 5 applications of photoelectric control.

1. Automotive
2. Food and Beverage
3. Material Handling
4. Machine Engineering
5. Doors, Gates, and Elevators

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the difference between leakage current and reverse recovery

current in the power diode?
 The difference between leakage current and reverse recovery current
in the power diode. The leakage current increases with increase in
magnitude of reverse voltage until avalanche voltage is reached (breakdown
voltage). While the reverse recovery current is in forward conduction mode,
a sudden reversal of the polarity of the applied voltage would not stop the
diode current at once. But the diode continues to conduct in the opposite
direction due to minority carriers that remain stored in p-n junction and the
bulk semiconductor material.

2. Why the reverse recovery characteristic does not considered in signal diode?
Signal diode does not considered as reverse recovery characteristics
because the PN junction of a small signal diode is encapsulated in glass to
protect the PN junction, and usually have a red or black band at one end of
their body to help identify which end is the cathode terminal.

3. What is the effect of diode reverse recovery on the operation of the diode?
In the forward-biased (i.e., current-conducting) state, a large amount of
electron and hole carriers is injected into the drift layer. When a diode is
reverse-biased, carriers are swept out of the drift layer until the forward
current becomes zero. During this process, a large recovery current flows
through the diode in the reverse direction. This current causes a large reverse
recovery loss. During forward recovery, only carrier injection occurs. Since a
large current does not flow, forward recovery exhibits less loss than reverse
recovery.

4. What are the differences between General purpose diode and

Fast-recovery and Schottky diodes?
The difference between the those three are that. The General purpose
diode is that diodes have high reverse recovery time of about 25
microsecs. They are used in low speed (frequency) applications line
commutated converters, diode rectifiers and converters for a low input
frequency up to 1 KHz. While the Fast-recovery, diodes have low recovery
time, generally less than 5μs. The major field of applications is in electrical
power conversion i.e., in free-wheeling ac-dc and dc-ac converter circuits.
Their current rating is from less than 1 A to hundreds of amperes with
voltage ratings from 50 V to about 3 KV. Use of fast recovery diodes are
preferable for freewheeling in SCR circuits because of low recovery loss,
lower junction temperature and reduced di/dt. And the Schottky diodes
has metal (aluminum) and semi-conductor junction. A layer of metal is
deposited on a thin epitaxial layer of the n-type silicon. In Schottky diode
 there is a larger barrier for electron flow from metal to semi-conductor.

5. What are the characteristics of an ideal diode?

The characteristics of an ideal diode is one kind of an electrical
component that performs like an ideal conductor when voltage is applied in
forward bias and like an ideal insulator when the voltage is applied in reverse bias.
So when voltage is applied across the anode toward the cathode, the diode
performs forward current immediately. When a voltage is applied in reverse bias,
then Ir performs no current at all. This diode operates like a switch. When the diode
is in forward bias, it works like a closed switch. Whereas, if an ideal diode is in
reverse bias, then it works like an open switch.

Direction: Write your answer on a long size bond paper.

A. Fill in the blank(s) with appropriate word(s)

1) In a single phase fully controlled converter the diode of an uncontrolled

converters are replaced by thyristor.
2) In a fully controlled converter the load voltage is controlled by controlling
the firing angle of the converter.
3) A single phase half wave controlled converter always operates in the
discontinuous conduction mode.
4) The voltage form factor of a single phase fully controlled half wave
converter with a resistive inductive load is poorer compared to the
same converter with a resistive load.
5) The load current form factor of a single phase fully controlled half wave
converter with a resistive inductive load is better compared to the same
 converter with a resistive load.

B. Essay

1) Discuss the operation of half- and full-control of single phase controlled

rectifiers.
- Phase controlled rectification uses combination diodes and thyristors
(SCR’s) to convert the AC input voltage into DC output voltage. Fully
controlled rectifiers use four thyristors in their configuration while half-
controlled rectifiers use a combination of both thyristor and diodes.
2) Differentiate half-wave, full-wave, full-wave half-control, and full-wave
full control in single phase-controlled rectifiers.
- The single-phase half-wave controlled configuration above passes the
positive half of the AC supply waveform with the negative half being
eliminated. While full-wave rectification has many advantages over the
simpler half-wave rectifier, such as the output voltage is more
consistent, has a higher average output voltage, the input frequency is
doubled by the process of rectification, and requires a smaller
capacitance value smoothing capacitor if one is required. Lastly single
phase fully-controlled are known more commonly as AC-to-DC
converters. Fully-controlled bridge converters are widely used in the
speed control of DC machines and is easily obtained by replacing all four
diodes of a bridge rectifier with thyristors as shown.
3) A single-phase half-controlled SCR bridge rectifier is supplying a
resistive load of 1000 W from the single-phase 220 V main. What is
the average value of the load voltage if the SCRs are triggered at a
firing angles of 45o, 90o, 120o, and 180o.