Module 1.

FUNCTIONS

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, the learner is able to:
1. Represent real-life situations functions, including piecewise functions.
2. Solve problems involving functions.

I. INTRODUCTION:
Welcome to Module 1! This module was designed to let the students review the concepts
in the functions and relations.

II. ACTIVITIES:

Activity 1. Diagnostic Test. (adapted from Mendez, Arabella, General Mathematics)

Directions: Answer the following items. Solutions should be written on a separate sheet of paper. Write
your final answer on the answer sheet. If answers are in decimal, round-off to two decimal places.

1. You plan to sell cupcakes to raise funds. A bakery charges you ₱15.00 for the first 100 cupcakes. If
you purchase more than 100 cupcakes but not exceeding 150 cupcakes, the bakery will lower the price to
₱13.50 per cupcake. If you purchase 150 or more cupcakes, the price will decrease to ₱10.00 per cupcake.
Write a piecewise function that models this situation.

2. Given f(x) = 4x – 5 and g(x) = x2 + 4, find (f ○ g)(x).

x−1 1
=
3. Solve for x: x+1 2
2 x−5
≤3
4. What value/s will make x−5 ?
2
x −5 x+6
f (x )=
5. What is/are the vertical asymptote/s of the rational function x 2 −2 x−3 ?
2
x −3 x +2
f (x )= 2
6. What is the domain of the rational function x −5 x+6 ?

7. What is the inverse of the function y = x3 + 3?

5
f (x )=
8. What is the domain of the inverse of the rational function x −3 ?
5
f (x )=
9. What is the range of the inverse of the rational function x −3 ?

10. Which of the following is NOT an exponential function?

2x
1
A) f(x) = 1 – 2x B) g(x) = 2x – 2 C) h(x) = 3x2 D) F(x) =
()
3

11. What is the domain of the function g(x) = 2x – 2?

12. What is the y-intercept of the function h(x) = 5x + 2?

13. Solve for x: 42x = 8x + 1

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 1 x 1
14. Solve for x:
()
3
<
9
15. Write the following in a single logarithm: 2 log (3x) – log (x + 1) – 3 log x

16. At the concert of your favorite rock band, you measured the intensity (I) of their sound to be 100
watts per square meter. What is the intensity in decibels? Use the mathematical model
I
M=10 log
(10 )−12
for the loudness of a sound M measured in decibels (dB).

17. What is the vertical asymptote of the graph g(x) = log 2 (6 – 2x)?

18. Solve for x: log3 (2x + 5) = 2

19. Solve for x: log2 (x + 3)  log2 (1 – x)

20. What is the x-intercept of the graph of f(x) = 2 3 – x – 2?

21. Suppose you won ₱10,000.00 and you plan to invest it for 5 years. A cooperative group offers 2%
simple interest rate per year while a bank offers 2% compounded annually. Which of the two offers is
better?

22. How much interest is charged when ₱50,000.00 is borrowed for one year at an annual interest rate of
10%?

23. Mary Rose is planning to invest ₱20,000.00. At what rate compounded semi-annually will accumulate
her money to ₱25,000.00 in 3 years?

24. Jeff invested ₱150,000.00 at 10% compounded annually. He plans to get this amount after 6 years for
his son’s college education. How much will he get?

25. Argin paid ₱200,000.00 as down payment for a car. The remaining amount is to be settled by paying
₱16,200.00 at the end of each month for 5 years. If interest is 10.5% compounded monthly, what is the
cash price of his car?

26. A teacher saves ₱5,000.00 every 6 months in a bank that pays 0.25% compounded monthly. How
much will be her savings after 10 years?

27. ABC Bank pays interest at the rate of 2% compounded quarterly. How much will Ken have in the
bank at the end of 5 years if he deposits ₱3,000.00 every month?

28. Melvin availed of a loan from a bank that gave him an option to pay ₱20,000.00 monthly for 2 years.
The first payment is due after 4 months. How much is the present value of the loan if the interest rate is
10% converted monthly?

29. A certain financial institution declared a ₱30,000,000.00 for the common stocks. If there are a total of
700,000 shares of common stock, how much is the dividend per share?

30. Determine the amount of the semi-annual coupon for a bond with a face value of ₱300,000.00 that
pays 10%, payable semi-annually for its coupons.

31. If a car loan of ₱790,000.00 requires a 20% down payment, how much is the mortgage?

32. Mark renovated his home for ₱80,000.00. This was made possible because of an approved loan worth
₱75,000.00. Is this a business loan or a consumer loan?

33. Is the following a proportion or not? t: What is the domain of the function?

34. State the negation of the proposition: Mary received a text message from her friend.

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35. Let p: Annie has a stomach ache.
q: Annie misses the exam.
r: Annie receives a passing grade for the subject.

Express the symbol q →  r as a sentence.

36. Show that the following statement is a tautology by constructing its truth table: p  [(p  q)].

37. Given the true conditional, state its contrapositive.

p → q: If Paul is in Grade 11, then he is a senior high school student.

38. What kind of fallacy is illustrated in the following statement:

A crush is a like a math problem, if you do not get it, you just stare at it.

39. Show that the following statement is false by providing a counterexample: All prime numbers are
odd.

40. Prove: Q  (P  Q)  Q  P

Activity 2. Review.
Let’s do some review and take note the observations.

Note:
Relation – is a rule that relates values from set of values (called the domain) to a second set
of values (called the range)
- Is a set of ordered pairs.( x , y )
Function- is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in the
range by some rule.
- Is a set of ordered pairs .( x , y ) such that no two ordered pairs have the same
x−value but different y−v alues .

Remember: All functions are relations but not all relations are functions.

Example 1: Determine whether the following are functions or not. Give the domain and range of
relation.
( a ) f =( 1,2 ) , ( 2,2 ) , ( 3,5 ) ,(4 ,5)
( b ) g=( 1,3 ) , ( 1,4 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2,6 ) , ( 3,7 )
Solution:
a. Domain { 1,2,3,4 }
Range { 2,5 }
The set is function because no two ordered pairs have the same x-value though same y-
value.
b. Domain { 1,2,3 }
Range { 3,4,5,6,7 } the set is not function because there are two ordered pairs have the same
x-value.

Example 2. Which of the following mapping represent a functions?

-1 b.
4 1
0 7
7 3
2 2
3 5
3 1
-2 6
4
Solution:
a. A is function because the domains re different.
b. B is not function because the domain has the same domain.

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 Recall from your past grade that a relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a
graph in the Cartesian plane, and that a function passes the vertical line test (a vertical line can be drawn
anywhere and intersect the graph in at most one point).

Note:
Vertical line test- A graph represents is a function if and only if of no vertical line
intersects the graph in more than one point.

Activity 2. Can you guess the graph?

Instruction: identify the graph whether it is a function or not function. Write you answer on the
box.

Functions can often be used to model real-life situations. Identifying an appropriate functional
model will lead to a better understanding.
Example 3.
a. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs 40 pesos.
Solution: Since each meal costs 40, then the cost function is C ( x )=40 x

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 b. One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area next to a river. Give
a function A that can represent the area can be enclosed, in terms of x .
Solution: The area of the rectangular enclosure is A=xy . We will write this as a function of
x . Since only 100m. of fencing is available, then
(100−x )
x +2 y =100∨ y = =50−0.5 x . Thus,
2
A ( x )=x ( 50−0.5 x )=50 x−0.5 x 2

There are special type word problems involving functions.

Note:
Piecewise functions- is a function defines by multiple subfunctions, where each
subfuntions applies to a certain interval of the main function’s domain.

Example 4.
a. A jeepney ride costs 8.00 pesos for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional integer kilometer
adds 1.50 pesos to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of the
distance of in kilometers.
Solution: The input values is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If F (d) represents the
fare as a function of distance, the function can be presented as follows:
F (d )=
{8+81.5if 0<( d )dif≤d4> 4}
b. A convenience store pays an hourly wage of 50 pesos and 1.5 times the hourly wage for the extra
hours if your work for more than 40 hours a week. Write the piecewise function that gives the
weekly pay P in terms of number of hours h you work and draw the graph.

P ( h )= {7550h−10000
h ,if 0 ≤h ≤ 40
if h>40 }

Solution: The weekly pay can be express in piecewise function:

50 ( 40 ) +1.5 ( 50 ) ( h−40 )=2000+75(h−40)
¿ 2000+75 h−3000
¿ 75 h−1000

III. EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Drill and exercise.

A. Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Give the domain and range of each relation.
1. { ( 2,1 ) , ( 2,−3 ) , (−5,3 ) ,(−2,2) }

2. { ( 0,1 ) , ( 1,1 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 3 ,−2 ) }

3. { (−3 ,−3 ) , (−2,−4 ) , ( 0 ,−5 ) , ( 2,−3 ) , ( 0,0 ) , (−1,1 ) , (−2,2 ) ,(−3,3)}
4. { (−5,1 ) , ( 4 ,−2 ) , ( 5,2 ) , (−1,0 ) ,(3 ,−4) }
5. { ( 0 ,−2 ) , ( 1,0 ) ,(2,3)}
6. 3 2
-1 6
5
7. 8.
3 2 x Y
0 1
-1 6
1 -3
-2 -2 4
5
0 5
4 -1 6 1
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4 4 3
 B. Analyze and solve the following word problems.
1. Peter is earning 450 per day to do certain job. Express the total salary S as function of the
number n of days that Peter works.
2. A computer shop charges 20 pesos per hour for the first two hours and an additional 10 pesos
per hour for each succeeding hour. Represent your computer rental fee using the function
R(t ) where t is the number of hours you spent on the computer.

IV. ASSESSMENT:

A. Answer the following.

1. Provide a real-life example or scenario that can be expressed as a relation that is not a
function.
2. Provide a real-world scenario of a scenario that can be modeled by a linear function.
B. Solve the following problems.
1. A videoke machine can be rented for 1,000 pesos for three days, but fourth day
onwards, an additional cost of 400 pesos per day is added. Represent the cost of
renting a videoke machine as piecewise function of the number of days it is rented.
2. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is 150 pesos per head
for 20 persons or less, 130 pesos per head for 21 to 50 persons, and 110 pesos per
head for 51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more persons, the cost is at 100 pesos per
head. Represent the total cost as piecewise function of the number of attendees of the
party.

V. FEEDBACK:

Which among different

Why is it important to learn
representations of functions
What have you learned? about functions? Give
do you find the easiest to
examples.
understand?

VI. RESOURCES:
Mendez, A., General Mathematics-Pre-test
Melosantos, A., Sacluti, B., Math Connections in the Digital Age, Review of Functions, page
2-6.

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