Impact factor: 2016: 5.210; 2015: 5.

223 ISSN: 2320-7329

1 Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science

Website: http://www.ayurlog.com Volume: 6th | Issue: 7th | Oct- Dec 2018

A review on mutra pariksha (urine examination) by Ayurvedic perspective.

Sanjay G. Paikrao*1 , Arun S. Dudhamal*2

1. Assistant Professor,
2. Associate Professor and HOD,
Dept. of Rognidan and Vikriti Vigyana, APM’s Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,
Sion, Mumbai- 400022, Maharashtra
*Corresponding Author: drpaikrao@gmail.com 9922577551

Abstract: attempt has been made to elaborate the

In modern medicine urine examination is
used as the one of the important diagnostic
and prognostic tool but in Ayurveda urine
examination is used in a systematic and
scientific way for knowing the diagnosis
and prognosis of the disease from samhita
kala. Thousands of year before, for
diagnosis of the various aspects of the
disease and diseased person several
methods has been described in different
Ayurved samhita. These methods can be
broadly classified in to Rogi pariksha and
Rog pariksha . While explaining the
astavidha (Ashtasthan) pariksha Acharya
Yogratnakar has described the methods
examination of mutra pariksha after the
explanation of the Nadi pariksha and Mala
pariksha. He has also described the
another important technique of the mutra
parikha known as Tail bindu pariksha
which is used for knowing the prognosis of
the disease. Mutra pariksha as such in
systematic way is not described in
brihattrayi, scattered references are
available in relation with the physiological
and pathological state of sharir. Here
ayurvediya mutra pariksha collectively in
respect to odor, color, quantity etc which
can be a important diagnostic and
prognostic tool.
Key words: samhita kalin, ashtasthan
pariksha, mutra pariksha, tail bindu
pariksha.
Introduction:
Acharya charaka has rightly said that
vaidya should study the various aspects of
disease and disease person by rogi
pariksha and rog parksha firstly and
thereafter the treatment should be chosen
accordingly[1]. The patient is the true
element of the examination and patient
should be examined to assess the life span
of the patient and to assess the strength of
the patient and to assess the strength of the
morbid pathology of the doshas[2].
Several types of the pariksha
vidhies has been described by different
acharyas in different samhita. Acharya
Yogratnakar has described the Ashtasthan
parikhsa vidhi. It is a one of the important

Website: http://www.ayurlog.com Volume 6th | Issue: 3rd April 2018

 2
parikhsa which explains not only the
methods of clinical examination but also
some laboratory investigations. Beside this
he has narrated a special technique of urine
examination i.e. Tail Bindu Pariksha
which is used to knowing the prognosis of
the disease from samhita kala. Mutra
pariksha is not described in brihattrayi
systematically, scattered references are
available in relation with purvarupa, rupa,
updrava, arishta laxnas of different
vyadhies and in description regarding the
physiological state of the body. Hence this
study endeavors to elaborate the mutra
pariksha vidhi with an Ayurvedic
perspective.
Aim: To Study the mutra pariksha vidhi
with an Ayurvedic perspectives.
Objectives:
1. To evaluate the methods of mutra
parkisha with an ayurvedic
perspectives.
2. To elaborate the till bindu pariksha
explained by the Yogratnakara.
1. To evaluation of the mutra
pariksha as a diagnostic and
prognostic tool.
Material and Method:
Conceptual and relevant references are
taken from Ayurved samhita. After
studying the related concepts, the efforts
has been made for a conclusion which
based on discussion.
Literature review:
Mala are the waste material that are
excreted out of the body, it is a byproduct
of the metabolic activities in the body.
Mala are classified in to two i.e. Annamala
and dhatu mala. Annamala are Purish,
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Mutra, mal vayu, sweda[3] . Dhatu mala
are formed during process of dhatupaka in
which seven types of dhatwagni acts on
the sara rasa and respective dhatues are
formed along with their respective Dhatu
mala. According to Charakacharya they
are eight[4] and according to Sharangdhar
Samhita they are seven[5] . To perform a
mutra pariksha vidhi shadvidha pariksha
of sushruta (prashne, chakshu, sparsh,
shrotra, ghran, rasana prakisha) can be
applied[6].
Formation of Mutra:
Mala are formed in the large intestine.
Jatharagni acts on the ahara dravya and
then they are digested in to sara and kitta.
Absorbable part is sara and non absorbable
part is kitta. Seven types of jatharagni and
panch mahabhutagni acts on the sara rasa
and then respective types of dhatues are
formed along with their respective
dhatumala. Non absorbable part of food
material i.e. kitta from which the solid part
is purisha is expelled out from the body by
the purishvaha srotas. liquid part which is
goes to the mutravaha srotas where it is
called mutra. This concept of formation of
sara and kitta from digested food after
action of agni also applicable to
dhatupaka[7].
Properties of Normal urine (Samanya
mutra guna):
Acharya charaka has told the
predominance of the aap mahabutbhava in
the urine. According to
ashtangsangrahakara mutra is the seat of
the kapha. Rasa of normal urine is
kshara(alkaline), tikshna, lavana(salt)
rasa[8] and resembles as a kupa jala (well
water) [9] which have a clear and
transparent appearance when there is a
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equilibrium of dosha and dhatu is present. Dosha prabhava Mutra varnadi guna
Acharya sushruta while explaining prameh on mutra
nivriti laxans has mentioned that Vata dosha Pandur varna
anavilata(clean), appicchilata(non slimiy), Pitta dosha Rakta varna
visada(clear), tikta (bitter), katu(pungent) Kapha dosha Safen
of mutra represents the arogya[10] . Mutra Vat prakopa Nilam , ruksha
Pitta prakopa Pita, aruna, tailasam
praman is four anjali[11]. Prabhuta
Kapha prakopa Snigdha, kamal jal tulya
mutrata is mentioned in prameha samanya
Rakta prakopa Ushna, Rakta varna
laxanas[12] indicates the poly urea which
Pitt vata prakopa Dhumjalbh(dhum-mishrit
has a diagnostic importance in prameha.
jal sam), ushna,
1. Mutra Prashne pariksha: Vata kapha Shwet varna,
prakopa budbudabham(water
Vaidya must take proper history regarding bubbles)
micturation by friendly and caring attitude Kapha pitta Rakta varna,
with patient. The complaint related to prakopa Avilata(turbid)
urination should be noted properly. Sannipatik Mishra varna , jeernajwar
prakopa sadrush pitam
Questions should be asked about urinary
flow, vedana(pain) during urination,
Avrodhajanaya mutrapravruti (obstruction Mutra varna Pariksha in different
in urinary flow), Mutra praman(volume), vyadhi:
ahoratra and ratri vegsankhya
Shukla varna of mutra is mention in
(frequency), Naktamutrata(nocturnal
udakmeha, pishtameh and kaphaj pandu.
polyurea), mutradaha and abnormal
Krishna varna mutra fouds in kalameha,
constituents in the urine etc. If there is
kumbh kamla. Haridra varna mutra is
previous or present history of ashmari,
explained in pitta mutrakriccha, kamla,
mutrakriccha, mautraghata, prameha, yon
and pitvarn of mutra fouds in pittaj pandu.
sankaramak roga etc should be taken in
Neel varna mutra is a diagnostic feature of
consideration.
the neelameh. Rakta varna of mutra is a
2.Mutra Chakshu Pariksha: feature of ashmari, mutrasangh and rakta
meha[14] [15].
Mutra should examine in the natural light
after sunrise for appearance(bhasmodaka, Mutra varna Vyadhi
gorochana, shankhchurnavata) varna, Shukla Udakameha, pishtameha,
kaphaj pandu
accha, avil, anavil,rakta puya, varna.
Krishna Kalameh, kumbh kamla,
Mutra pariksha for Dosha and Haridra Pitta Mutrakriccha,
doshaprakop: kamla, ushnavata
mutraghata.
The normal appearance of the mutra is Pita Pitta pandu
clear and transparent. It may be altered due Neel Neelameh
to dosha prabhava, doshaprakopa and Rakta Ashmari, mutrasanga,
vyadhi vishesh[13]. raktameh.

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Mutra vishesh rupa: snigadhata, picchilata, vishada of mutra

which has diagnostic use.
Sometimes the appearance of mutra
provides the diagnostic and prognostic 4.Mutra Gandha Pariksha:
directions in differential diagnosis of the
diseases. Avil mutrata i.e. turbidity of urine Normal gandha of the mutra is
is diagnostic feature of prameh and Anavil mutragandha(aromatic smell). This can be
mutrata i.e. clear and transparent altered in various disease condition.
appearance of the urine is indication of Nighandha mutra (odorless urine) is
prameh nivriti which has a prognostic present in udakameha[20]. Vidgandha
value[16]. Accham mutra (Transparent mutra is found in Vidvighata
[21]
urine) is a important feature of the Mutraghata . Madhugandh mutra is
udakameh, Prasence of sikta(fine granules) present in madhumeha. Amagandha mutra
in mutra is indication of siktameh, If also found in manjishta meha.
sandrata(sediments) is present in mutra, it 5.Rasana Pariksha of mutra:
confirms the diagnosis of Sandra meha.
Thus on the basis of presence of the Acharya Vagbhata has mentioned that
sandrata or sikta in mutra we can diagnose varnadi changes in mutra are due to dosh-
the sandrameha or siktameha[17]. Mutra dushy samyoga vishesha[22]. In context to
having appearance like the prameh Acharya charaka has described
bhasmodaka(calcium hydroxide/lime that mutre abhidhavantati pipilikasca i.e.
water) is feature of the mutrashukraja crawling of ants towards the urine due to
Mutrakriccha[18]. presence of sharkara in mutra (glucose in
urine) [23]. Amla(acidic) rasa mutra in Amla
Mutra rupa(physical Vyadhi meha, kshara(alkaline) rasa in kshara
properties)
meha[24], Madhur(sweet) rasa in
Avil mutra Prameh
madhumeha and ikshumeha are the
Anavil mutra Prameh nivriti
diagnostic features of the respective
Accham mutra Udakameh
prameha.
Sikta in Mutra Sikta meha
Sandrata in mutra Sandrameh With help of modern urine chemical
Bhasmodaka pratikash Mutrashukra examination the rasa of the mutra can be
Mutraghata.
identified by the anumana praman. By
Shankh Mutrasada
urine glucose test we can confirm the
churnavat/gorochanvat Mutraghata
madhur rasa, like wise amla rasa and
kshara rasa of the mutra can be indentify
3. Sparsha Parisha: Freshly collected by the testing the PH of the urine. If ph
Mutra should be examine by thermometer less than 7 then it is amla rasa or if the ph
to know the Ushana/sheet sparsha(Temp) of the urine is found more than 7 then it is
of mutra. In sheet meha and udak meha the kshara rasa can be confirmed.
freshly collected urine temp is
[19] 6. Yogratnakar’s Tail Bindu Pariksha:
comparatively less . Mutra should also
examine by viscometer to know the Acharya Yogratnakar have described a
specialized, scientific and systematic

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method of examination mutra which have Prognosis disease can be identify on the
a great prognostic value in ayuveda. basis of direction of the movement of tail
bindu on the surface of the mutra [28] .
Collection of mutra for examination:
Vaidya should collect the mutra of the Direction of Sadhyasadhy
patient for mutra pariksha vidhi before Movement/spread of tail ata
four ghatika in the last yama of the bindu (prognosis)
ratri(night). Addyadhara (initial urinary of the vyadhi
flow) of the mutra should be discarded and Purva/Paschim/Uttara/Da Sukh
mutra from madhyadhara of the patient kshin Sadhya(curab
should collected in a kanch patra(glass le)
dish), kansya patra(bronz dish), mrutta Eshanya Death within
patra (earthan dish) [25]. one month
Agneya/Nairutya Immediate
Method: Mutra pariksha vidhi should be
death of the
carried out after the sunrise in a natural
patient
light on a vidhivata collected urine sample.
Vayavya Bad
Mutra should be taken in a kanch
prognosis
patra(glass dish) or kansya patra(bronz
Involvement of the dosha in the samprapti
dish) or mrutta patra (earthan dish) in a
of vyadhi can be identify by tail bindu
sufficient amount. A drop of till taila is
pariksha it is as follows[29] .
dropped in mutra with the help of trin
kashta on the surface of the urine. Then the Shape of the tail Dosha involved in
movement and the behavior of the taila bindu samprapti
bindu is observed[26]. Sarpakara (snake) Vata
Prognosis on the basis of movement of Chatrakara Pitta
the tail bindu: If the taila bindu spreads (umbrella)
immediately then vyadhi is sadhya(disease Mukta (pearl) Kapha
is curable), If the tailbindu does not
speads then vyadhi is Prognosis based on different shape of tail
kashtasadhya(difficult to treat), if the bindu is as follows, If the shape of the tail
tailbindu sink to bottom then is bindu appears as a Hala(axe),
asadhya(incurable) [27]. kurma(tortoise), sairibha(bufallow), Krand
Movement of the Sadhyasadhyata mandala(honey comb), shiroheena
tailbindu nara(head less human body), shastra,
Spreads Sadhya khadga(sword), sara(arrow), gatra
immediately vyadhi(curable) khanda(body part), mashala patti(spear
with masoor dal shape age), laguda(stick)
Dose not spread Kashtasadhya
and trichatuspata indicate asadhyata of the
vyadhi(difficult to
vyadhi.
treat)
Sink to bottom Asadhya If the shape of the tail bindu
vyadhi(incurable) appears as hans(swan), karanda(duck),
tadoga (dark green pumpkin), kamala

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 6
(lotus), gaja (elephant), Chamara (fan
made up of bas grannies used for fly-flap)
chatra (umbrella), torana (ornamental
door arch), harmya (home) indicative of
the sadhya vyadhi.
If the shape of the bindu resembles
chalani(sieve), Nara akara(human body),
and mastaka dwaya (human body with two
head) indicates kuldosha, preta dosha,
bhoot dosha respectively[30].
Discussion:
Dosha, dhatu, mala concept is one
of the basic fundamental principle of
ayurved. Formation of mala is carried out
in intestine. Jatharagni acts on the food
and digest it into sara and kitta.
Absorbable part of sara which is used for
the formation of the dhatu. Unobservable
part is kitta is a solid part of the kitta is
purisha which is expelled out through
purishavaha srotasa. Liquid part goes to
mutravaha srotasa and called as mutra. So
any abnormalities in the processes of
Ahara parinama i.e. digestion, absorption,
excretion of food can be diagnosed by the
mutra pariksha.
As per ayurved perspective
diagnosis of disease is depend upon the
rogi pariksha and rogpariksha of a patient.
Mutra pariksha is used in ayurved
practice as a diagnostic and prognostic
purpose from thousands year. Mutra
pariksha vidhi is one of the important
element of the ashtasthana pariksha.
Ashtasthana pariksha represents the
clinical examinations as well as the
laboratory examinations of the mala and
mutra pariksha. Mutra pariksha is not
elaborated in the brihatrayi systematically
but some scatter referenced are available in
relation with the physiological and
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pathological state and in relation with
purvarupa and rupa of some diseases.
samhita. In samhita kala mutra pariksha
was carried out by pratyakshya and
anuman praman.
Mutra sangrahan (collection of
urine sample) for mutra pariksha should be
done before fourth ghatika in the last yama
of the ratri. Adyadhara of mutra should be
discarded and madhyadhara should be
collected in kanch, kansya, mrutika flat
dish in a sufficient volume, And the
pariksha vidhi should be carried out after
the sunrise in a natural light. First morning
urine sample is also preferred by modern
clinical pathology as it is good
representative of the urinary pathology
because there is over night collection of
the urine in the bladder. By examining the
first morning sample even minute
pathogens can be identify.
Sushruta’s shadavdha priksha i.e.
prashne, chakshu, sparsha, shrotra,
ghrana, rasana pariksha are useful for the
mutra pariksha. Following elements should
be incorporated in the mutra pariksha
vidhi.
Mutra Elements
pariksha
Prashne Vedna, mutra daha, mutra
praman, veg sankhya,
Vibhakta mutra dhara
Chakshu Appearance(bhasmodaka,
gorochana,
shankhchurnavata) varna,
accha, avil, anavil,rakta
puya, varna.
Sparsha Ushana/sheet
sparsha(Temp) of mutra,
snigadhata, picchilata,
vishada.
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Ghrana Madhu, vidgandha,
nirgandha, amagandha.
Rasana Madhur, kshara, amla,
lavana
Dosha Dosha, Dosha prokopa
vishesh
Abnormal Sarakta, sikta, sandrata,
constituents shakruta,dhatu(shukra,
rakta)vasa, puya,
Vyadhi Vyadhi vishesh rupa related
Vishesh to mutra.
Tailbindu Sadhyasadhyata.
While performing the chakshu
pariksha we can use microscope for a
microscopic examination so that we can
rule out the sikta, sandrat(abnormal
sediments), blood cells pus cells, epithelial
cells etc. For sparsha pariksha we can take
help of some modern instruments like for
thermometer to know the temp of freshly
came out urine, for snigadta we can use
the viscometer, to know the rasa of mutra
we can use glucose test to know madhur
rasa, PH of urine also help full to know the
kshara rasa, Amla rsa, for lavana rasa we
used the bile salt and bile pigments. To
confirm the presence blood we must
perform a benzidine test.
Important work of the
standardizing the tail bindu pariksha is
being going on at Banarasa Hindu
university, Varanasi. They have framed
certain criteria regarding standardization of
tail bindu pariksha of this as follows.
Morning first urine sample should
be taken for test, test should be performed
at 1 hr 36min before sunrise, round glass
petri dish having 8 inch diameter should be
used for test, oil drop of size12 ul should
be dropped on urine surface from height 1
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cm. Reference value for healthy individual
are spread time up to 30 seconds, split time
up to 120 sec, direction uniform in all
direction. In this way tail bindu pariksha
are useful to know the prognosis of the
disease in a particular patient, and also
used to assessment of the healthy person.
Conclusion:
Ayurveda is science of life which is more
based on observations than investigations.
Laboratory investigations provides the
evidence and confirmation of the
diagnosis. In this era of modernization and
advancement of the medical science urine
examination is widely used for a diagnostic
and prognostic purpose. Since ancient time
thousands of year back some laboratory
investigations(mala, mutra, rakta, shtivan,
shukra etc) were available and used while
practicing ayurveda. Mutra pariksha vidhi
is not described systematically in brihat
trayi but some scattered references are
available. Acharya Yogratnakara has
explained the mutra pariksha vidhi in a
systematic manner while narrating the
ashtasthan pariksh. While examining the
urine with a ayurvedic perspective the
shadvidha pariksha of the sushruta are
useful. Urine should be examine for
prashne, chakshu, Shrotro, ghrana,
sparsha, rasana. Some medical
instruments and techniques are also handy
that can be used to assessing mutra by
shadavidha pariksha. Tail bindu pariksha
is very cost effective technique, can be
applied to assessing the prognosis and the
severity of the disease to plan a therapeutic
measures and it is also handy for the
assessment of the healthy condition of the
individual. As this is a very vast and big
subject further research work is needed in
this regard.
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References: 7. Ibid Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam,

Sharir, Chap 3,Verse 63, page
1. Agnivesha, Charak Samhita Vol- 190.
1,Charak Chandrika, Hindi 8. Sri Bhavamishra’s Bhavaprakasha,
commentary by Dr Bramhamanand including Bhavaprakasha nighantu,
Tripathi, forwarded by Dr Ganga Edited by the Vidyotini hindi
Sahay Pandey, Chaukhamba commentary, Notes and appendix
Surbharati Prakashan- Varanashi, by Bramhasankara Mishra and
reprint 6th edition 1999, Charak- Ruplalaji Vaisya, Vol-1,
Sutra, Chap.20 Verse20, Page No- Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhavan,
396. Varanasi, eleventh edition,
2. Ibid Agnivesha, Charak Samhita Bhavaprakasha/Purvakhand/ verse
Vol-1, Viman sthan, Chap 8, no 7-8, page no 918.
Vesrse 94, Page No-758. 9. Vangsen Samhita with Hari Hindi
3. Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam, commentary by Pandit Hari Prasad
Vidyotini Hindi commentary by Tripathi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Kaviraj Atrideva Gupta, edited by Series, Varanasi, Second edition
Vidya Yadunandan Upadhyaya, 2016, Arishtadhikara Chapter 98,
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Verse 210, page-998.
Varanasi, Twelfth edition, 10. Ibid Sushruta’s Sushrut Samhita,
Ashatang Hridayam, Sutra, Chap chikitsa -chap.12, Verse 20, page
1,Verse 13, page 7. no 455.
4. Agnivesha, Charak Samhita Vol- 11. Ibid Agnivesha, Charak Samhita
2,Charak Chandrika, Hindi Vol-1, Sharirsthan, Chap 7Verse
commentary by Dr Bramhamanand 15, Page No-927.
Tripathi, forwarded by Dr 12. Sri Madhavakara’s Madhava
Prabhakar Janardan Deshpande, Nidanam, with Madhukosha
Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan- Sanskirit commentary by
Varanashi, reprint edition 2006, Srivijayarakshita and
Charak-Chikitsa, Chap 15, Srikanthadatta with Vidyotini
Verse18-19, Page No 554. Hidndi commentary and notes by
5. Pandit Sharangdharacharya’s Sri Sudarshana Shastri, Revised
Sharangdhar Samhita, containing and edited by Prof.Yadunandan
Anjananidana of Maharshi Upadhyaya, Vol-2, Chaukhambha
Agnivesha, Dipika Hindi Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 19th
commentary by Bramhanand Edition 1990, Madhav Nidanam,
Tripathi, reprint edition-2007, Chapter 33, Verse no-6, Page no 8.
Sharangdhar Samhita/Purvakhanda/ 13. Yogratnakara, with Vidyaprabha
Chap 5, Verse 13-14, Page no 54. Hindi commentary by Dr. Indradev
6. Sushruta’s Sushrut Samhita, with Tripathi and Dr.Dayashankar
the Nibandhasangraha Commentary Tripathi, Chaukhamba Krishnadas
of Sri Dalhanacharya and The Academy, Varanasi, Second
Nyayachandrika Panjika of Sri Edition-2007, Yogratnakar-
Gayadasacharya on Nidanasthana, Ashtavidha Pariksha/ Verse 8,9,10
edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Page No 9.
Acharya and Narayan ram Acharya 14. Ibid Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam,
‘Kavyatirtha’ Chaukhamba Nidansthan Chap 10, Verse 8-16,
Orientalia, Varanasi, Sushrut page 254
Samhita Sutra -chap.10, Verse 4, 15. Agnivesha, Charak Samhita Vol-2,
page no 43. Charak Chandrika, Hindi

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 9

commentary by Dr Bramhamanand 19. Ibid Sri Madhavakara’s Madhava

Tripathi, forwarded by Dr Nidanam, Chapter 33, Verse no-
Prabhakar Janardan Deshpande, 7,11 Page no 10.
Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan- 20. Ibid Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam,
Varanashi, reprint edition 2006, Nidansthanm, Chap 10 Verse 8-16
Charak-Chikitsa, Chap 16, Verse page 254.
20/34/37, Page No593/595/597. 21. Ibid Sri Madhavkara’s Madhav
16. Sushruta’s Sushrut Samhita, with Nidanam, Chap 31, Verse 19-20,
the Nibandhasangraha Commentary Page no 634.
of Sri Dalhanacharya and The 22. Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam,
Nyayachandrika Panjika of Sri edited with the Vidyotini Hindi
Gayadasacharya on Nidanasthana, commentary by Kaviraj Atrideva
edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Gupta, edited by Vidya
Acharya and Narayan ram Acharya Yadunandan Upadhyaya,
‘Kavyatirtha’ Chaukhamba Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,
Orientalia, Varanasi, Sushrut Varanasi, Twelth edition, Ashtang
Samhita chikitsa -chap.12, Verse Hridyam, Nidan Chap 10, Verse 7,
20, page no 455. page 254.
17. Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam, 23. Ibid Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam,
edited with the Vidyotini Hindi Nidan Chap 10, Verse 39 page 256.
commentary by Kaviraj Atrideva 24. Vagbhata’s Ashtanghridyam,
Gupta, edited by Vidya edited with the Vidyotini Hindi
Yadunandan Upadhyaya, commentary by Kaviraj Atrideva
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Gupta, edited by Vidya
Varanasi, Twelth edition, Ashtang Yadunandan Upadhyaya,
Hridyam, Nidan chap 10 Verse 8- Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan,
16 page 254. Varanasi, Twelth edition AH
18. Sri Madhavkara’s Madhav Nidan 10/14 page 254.
Nidanam, With Sanskrit 25. Ibid Yogratnakara, Verse 2, Page
Commentary Madhukosha by No 9.
Vijayrakshita & Srikanthadatta, 26. Ibid Yogratnakara, Verse 5, Page
Edited with Vimala Madhudhara No 9.
Hindi Commentary and Notes by 27. Ibid Yogratnakara, Verse 6, Page
Dr Bhramhananada Tripathi Vol-1, No 9.
Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, 28. Ibid Yogratnakara, Verse 11-13
Varanasi, Reprint edition- 2004, Page No 10.
Madhav Nidana Chap 32, Verse 14, 29. Ibid Yogratnakara, Verse 4, Page
Page no 645. No 9.
30. Ibid Yogratnakara, Verse 19-20
Page No 10.

Cite article:
A review on mutra pariksha (urine examination) by Ayurvedic perspective.
Sanjay G. Paikrao, Arun S. Dudhamal
Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science- 2018; (6)(7): 1-9

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Website: http://www.ayurlog.com | Volume: 6 | Issue: 7 | Oct-Dec 2018