BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS
A. Lighting, Electrical, Communication & CEILING MOUNTED FIXTURES
Security
I. LIGHTING
-Light defines zones and boundaries
-Light expands and accentuates rooms
-Light creates links and delineates one area from
another
Functions of Lighting
Illumination- The simple ability to see what is
occurring on
Focus- Directing the public attention to an area of
the region or distracting them from another.
Functionality- The level of illumination required for
a particular application depends greatly upon
seeing the task involved and upon the surrounding
conditions.
Contrast- Lighting of an object or area so that it
becomes brighter than its surroundings.
Types Of Lighting
1. AMBIENT LIGHTING- also known as general
lighting, intends to light up the entire room at a
uniform level
-soft glow that blankets your space just enough for
you to function without causing a harsh glare
Ex. Pendants, Recessed Lighting, Track Lighting,
Ceiling-Mounted Fixtures
2. ACCENT LIGHTING- highlights a specific point
of interest
-a way of adding style and drama
Ex. Pendants, Swing Arm Lamps, Under Cabinet,
Vanity
3. TASK LIGHTING- provides light for specific
tasks such as reading, writing, cooking, or
computer work
-helps naturally stimulate your brain wherein the
contrasting light allows you to be more alert and
concentrated
Ex. Wall Lights, Recessed Lighting, Landscape
Lighting
Lighting Fixture
A light fixture (US English), light fitting (UK
English), or luminaire is an electrical device that
contains an electric lamp that provides illumination.
7 Basic Types:
- mounted directly to the ceiling, and typically
features a glass, fabric, or plastic shade that
conceals the lightbulb and helps diffuse light more
evenly.
-ambient
PENDANTS
- lights that hang from a cable, cord, or pipe from
an attachment at a ceiling, ending in a shade
enclosing a light bulb that primarily provides light in
a downward direction, known as a downlight.
-ambient or task
RECESSED LIGHTING
-  are installed above a ceiling so that the body of
the light— the mechanism and wiring—is hidden in
the ceiling with a flush bulb or lens.
-ambient or accent or task
TRACK LIGHTING AND SPOTLIGHTS
-  fixtures that are attached to a track that is
mounted to the ceiling or hung off the ceiling,
depending on the fixture.
- task or accent
WALL SCONCES
 - some of the most decorative fixtures in the
lighting market because they are frequently
installed at eye-level in most rooms
-ambient or task
DESK AND TABLE LAMPS
 - are largely used as task lights because they’re
flexible and can be positioned in various locations
as needed.
-task
COVE LIGHTING
 -  an elegant type of lighting that is usually
mounted to or incorporated into the upper portion of
a wall or ceiling.
-ambient
NATURAL LIGHTING/DAYLIGHTING
Day lighting is the controlled admission of natural
light, direct sunlight, and diffused-skylight into a
building to reduce electric lighting and saving
energy.
Benefits of Natural Lighting
-Reduced Electrical Load
-Reduced Internal heat gain
-Occupant Satisfaction and Comfort
-Occupant Health-Circadian Rhythm
-Color Temperature
-Time Orientation
Principles of Effective Natural Lighting
01 Building Orientation
• South, is desirable because direct solar radiation
received by the south facade is easier to control to
prevent excess solar gain. Daylight is relatively
uniform.
• North light is the best for daylighting because it is
not direct and constant diffuse skylight. It is facade
is advantageous for uniform and soft daylighting.
02 Building Form
• Long and narrow footprints are better than square
one for access to daylight. Buildings can be
arranged as a series of wings to minimize land
requirements while still allowing access to daylight.
03 Glazing Ratio and Specifications
• ratio of glass component of building's façade and
wall surfaces.
• Glazing ratio= Area of glazing/area of external
wall (25%-50%)
WWR – Window-to-wall ratio

04 Window Height and Location

• As a general rule, the higher the window head
height, the deeper into the space the daylight can
penetrate.
• Window should ideally be composed of two
components: a daylight window and a view window.
05 Overhead Day Lighting
• Skylights can be either passive or active, the
majority of skylights are passive because they have
a clear or diffusing medium (usually acrylic) that
simply allows daylight to penetrate an opening in
the roof.
06 Daylight Redirection
• Daylight redirection devices take incoming direct
beam sunlight and redirect it, generally onto the
ceiling of a space.
• These devices serve two functions: glare control,
where direct sun is redirected away from the eyes
of occupants, and daylight penetration, where
sunlight is distributed deeper into a space that
would not be allowed otherwise.