SUBMITTED TO: Engr.

Muhammad Muneeb Khan

SUBMITTED BY: Farhan Naseem

SUBJECT: Electrical Power Transmission (Theory)

TOPIC: Explain different type of insulators and ratings

SEMESTER: 4TH

Assignment No 01

REG.NO: BSETET-023R18-07

Institute of Southern Punjab (ISP)

Multan Pakistan
 Insulators
Introduction:
A electrical insulator provide necessary insulation between transmission lines
conductor and supports and thus prevent any leakage current from conductor
and earth.
As compare to semiconductor a device made of an electric insulating material and
used for separating or supporting conductors. The property that distinguishes an
insulator is its resistivity insulators have higher resistivity than semiconductors or
conductors. The most common examples are non-metals. Insulators are used in
electrical equipment to support and separate electrical conductors without
allowing current through themselves. An insulating material used in bulk to wrap
electrical cables or other equipment is called insulation. The term insulator is also
used more specifically to refer to insulating supports used to attach electric power
distribution or transmission lines to utility poles and transmission towers.

Characteristics of Insulators:
o High Resistance.
o Breakdown Voltages.
o Atomic Structure of Insulators.
o Air Permeability.
o Insulator material should be non-Porous.
o High ratio of Puncture strength to flashover.
o Good for Hazardous.
o Zero leakage current flow.

Different types of insulators:

Most common used insulator for transmission. There are several Types of
Insulators in Transmission lines. The most commonly used material for insulators
of overhead line is porcelain but glass, steatite and special composition materials
are also used to a limited extent.
1. Pin type Insulators.
2. Strain Insulators.
3. Suspension type Insulators.
4. Shackle Insulators.
Pin type Insulator:
Pin insulators are the earliest developed overhead insulator but are still
commonly used in power networks up to 33 kV system. Pin type insulator can be
one part, two parts or three parts type, depending upon application voltage.

Strain type Insulator:

When suspension string is used to sustain extraordinary tensile load of conductor
it is referred as string insulator. A strain insulator must have considerable
mechanical strength as well as the necessary electrical insulating properties.

Suspension type Insulator:

In higher voltage, beyond 33KV, it becomes uneconomical to use pin insulator
because size, weight of the insulator become more. Handling and replacing bigger
size single unit insulator are quite difficult task. For overcoming these difficulties,
suspension insulator was developed.

Shackle type Insulator:

The shackle insulator (also known as a spool insulator) is usually used in low
voltage distribution network. It can be used in both the horizontal or vertical
positions.
Ratings of Insulator used in the WAPDA system in Pakistan:
Flashover voltage wapda standard: 1. Pin type insulator for 11KV and 70KV in
case of dry condition and 40KV in case of wet condition. 2. Strain type insulator
35KV in dry condition and 18KV in wet condition. 3. Suspension type insulator
11KV and 80KV in case of dry condition and 50KV for the wet condition. 4. Shackle
type insulator 25KV in dry condition and 15KV in wet condition.
Test Voltages: Pin type insulator 65KV within one minute stand. Suspension type
insulator 75KV within one minute stand.
Puncture Voltages wapda standard: Pin type insulator 11KV and 95KV AND
Suspension type insulator 11KV and 110KV.