Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
06
Municipality of Libacao
UNDERSTANDING THE
NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM
A Modular Worktext for Civic Welfare Training Service 1 (CWTS 1)
Module 6
INTRODUCTION
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the different competencies. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Discuss the basic concepts of sex, gender, gender identity and sexual
orientation;
2
Lesson
01 Gender and Development
Why gender?
3
1.2. Women’s World Conferences:
4
Topic 2. Gender and Development: Theoretical Evolution and Intersection
Women were visiblized for the first time in development debates with the
arrival of Boserup’s 1970 book. Ester Boserup in Women’s Role in
Development, for the first time, examined the role 8 of women in
development and the impact of development projects on Third World women.
Before this, very few questioned the impact of economic prosperity across
classes, races and gender groups. Boserup highlighted that modern
5
development projects undermined women’s economic roles, opportunities
and autonomy. New technological trainings ignored women and reduced
women’s access to technology and paid work. During the period, it was
asserted that benefits from technology oriented modern development
projects will trickle down to women and other marginalized groups of the
society. The book brought to the fore that it was not happening. Women in
the US also challenged this idea of trickle down and took up this gender
issue in development. They started using the term women in development
and tried to influence US policies. They pushed United States Agency for
International Development (USAID) to make dedicated strategies to include
women in national economies and development plans and processes.
Simultaneously, liberal feminism emerged which called for equal
opportunity and gender equality, primarily in public sphere. Liberal
feminists aimed at equal access to education, jobs, equal pay and good
working conditions for women. Their target was legal changes to achieve
such goals of equal opportunities for women in development. The merging of
the tenets of liberal feminism and modernization development theory is
represented in WID approach to gender and development. The main
characteristic of this period was a call for inclusion and integration of women
in paid work and economies.
SEX GENDER
6
Sex is the biological
characteristics of women It is the socially constructed
and men. roles, relationships, and processes,
ascribed to women and men on the
Or; basis of their sex. It takes into
account a range of social and
Biological reproduction cultural factors in different settings
that distinguishes men and and situations.
women such as male
sperms, female eggs, It varies in time and space, an
menstruation, pregnancy, acquired identity which is learned
childbirth, labour and and therefore can and does change
breaking of voice. These are over time, within and across
predetermined and constant cultures.
characteristics.
Gender equity takes into consideration the differences in women’s and men’s
lives and recognises that different approaches may be needed to produce
outcomes that are equitable (opportunities, benefits, losses, use of space and
voice).
Gender equality is based on the premise that women and men should be
treated based on human rights principles even as there are different life
experiences between them.
Gender sensitivity means that a differentiation is made between the needs and
priorities of men and women; the views and ideas of both men and women are
taken seriously; action is taken to address inequalities or imbalance between
men and women.
Gender Relations. The ways in which society defines rights, responsibilities and
identities of women and men in relation to one another which leads to the
persistence of inequalities. Gender relations cannot be avoided because women
and men are interacting all the time in public and private spaces in the society.
Gender Balance. Having the same (or a sufficient) number of women and men at
all levels within an organization to ensure equal representation and
participation in all areas of the activity and interest.
Sex Disaggregated Data. For a gender analysis, all data should be separated by
sex in order to allow differences between men and women in needs, action and
results to be identified.
8
References
http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000032SW/P00
1714/M021053/ET/150910255316-GADIntroduction-Text.pdf
https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/pages/whatarehumanrights.aspx
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-human/
https://eachother.org.uk/what-is-dignity-and-what-does-it-have-to-do-with-o
ur-rights/
https://rm.coe.int/168062f74c
https://socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk/law/currentstudents/undergraduatemodu
les/2018-19/module/?moduleCode=LAW3171&ay=2018/9
https://leocontent.acu.edu.au/file/4b6f57b3-f707-4724-b00f-ad1ffce0aa63/4
0/UNCC300_Module2_PRINT.pdf
https://nstp.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/NSTP-Common-Mod
ule-Syllabus_v2016.pdf