Apuntes:

DOs & DOPs, with people;

The Present Progressive Tense

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Quick Recap of DOs & DOPs

• Direct Objects (DOs) receive the action of a verb.

Yo vi la película. I saw the movie.

• Direct Object Pronouns (DOPs) replace DOs.

Yo la vi. I saw it.

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When persons are DOs

• You must include the personal A.

Yo vi a Elena. I saw Elena.
Yo vi a la señora. I saw the woman.
Yo vi al señor. I saw the man.
a + el

• Note: the personal A has no direct English translation.

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DOs & DOPs, with persons

• DOPs can replace the DO

Yo vi a Elena. I saw Elena.
Yo la vi. I saw her.

Yo vi al señor. I saw the man.

Yo lo vi. I saw him.

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DOs & DOPs, with persons (continued)

• All DOPs and DOs can be used simultaneously.

Yo la vi a ella. I saw her.
Yo lo vi a él. I saw him.
Yo lo vi al señor. I saw him the man.
Not when DO is
still named or
identified with
a title

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DOs & DOPs, with persons (continued)

• But DOs cannot go by themselves, except in the

él/ella, ellos/ellas forms where the person is named
or identified with a title.
Yo vi a Elena. (name)
Yo vi a la señora. (title)
Yo vi a ella.

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DOs & DOPs, with persons (continued)

• In dialogue, remember to change the DOP when

appropriate.

Elena: ¿Tú me viste ayer?

María: Sí, yo te vi.

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Table of DOPs and DOs

me [yo] a mí nos [nosotr@s] a nosotr@s

te [tú] a ti os [vosotr@s] a vosotr@s
lo/la [usted] a usted los/las [ustedes] a ustedes
lo/la [él / ella] a él/ella los/las [ell@s] a ell@s
If you see… You rewrite as…
• Tú / ver [yo] Tú me ves.
• ¿Tú / ver / a __? [yo] ¿Tú me ves a mí?

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Placement of DOPs with 1 vs. 2 verbs

• One verb: just before verb; just before negation

Yo te vi. Yo no te vi.

• Two verbs:
Yo te quiero ver. Yo quiero verte.

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The Present Progressive Tense (1 of 3)
• Used for describing what is happening right now.
I am writing.
• It is a compound tense
estar + present participle
• Forming the present participle
• -ar verbs: add -ando hablar → hablando
• -er & -ir verbs: add -iendo comer → comiendo
recibir → recibiendo
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The Present Progressive Tense (2 of 3)
• Orthographic (i.e. spelling) changes
• verbs with -eer leer → leiendo → leyendo
• verbs with -uir (no g-) influir → influiendo → influyendo
• Exceptions:
• dormir → durmiendo servir → sirviendo
• vestir → vistiendo sentir → sintiendo
• venir → viniendo decir → diciendo

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The Present Progressive Tense (3 of 3)
• Conventions for this class:
él / dormir-PresPro Él está durmiendo.
yo / servir-PresPro [tú] Yo te estoy sirviendo.

yo / vestirse-PresPro-F Yo me estoy vistiendo.

yo / vestirse-PresPro-B Yo estoy vistiéndome.

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