Chemical Engineering Calculations 1

Problem Set 2 Gases, Vapors and Saturation

Name: ____________________________________
1. (a) What is the vapor pressure of i) water at 80°F ii) n-octane at 250oC iii) n-pentane at 120oC
iv) mercury at 200oC. (b) What is the boiling point of i) benzene at 30 in. Hg ii) water at 100 mm Hg iii)
toluene at 4 atm iv) propane at 50 psig.
2. Given that at 10 mm Hg glycerol boils at 167.20C and at 760 mm Hg, 290oC, calculate the constants A and B
in the equation: log(VP)= A - B/(C+T) where VP is the vapor pressure in mm Hg, T is the temperature in
K and C=230. What is the vapor pressure of glycerol at 200°C?
3. The atm pressure varies with elevation according to the equation : P= 29.92 -0.00111h: where P IS the
pressure in inches Hg and h is the altitude in ft. What is the elevation where water boils at 95 oC?
4. A liquid mixture at 0oC consists of 30% ethane, 40% propane and 30% butane. Find the composition of the
vapor mixture in equilibrium with this liquid. What is the total equilibrium pressure? Apply Raoult’s Law.
5. A gaseous mixture of 61% n-hexane, 25% n-octane and 13% n- decane is at a temperature of 50oC. Find the
equilibrium pressure and the composition of the liquid in equilibrium with the mixture.
6. What is the total pressure exerted by a liquid-vapor system in equilibrium if the liquid phase consists of 30%
propane, 10% butane, 30% pentane, 10% hexane and 4% heptane at a temperature of 12 oC?
7. A liquid mixture of 50% mole n-butane and 50% mole n-pentane at 60 oC and total pressure of 2600 mm Hg.
At equilibrium, find the composition of both the liquid and vapor phases. What fraction of the original liquid
was vaporized. If the mixture is heated further to 80°C what is the resulting pressure?
8. (a) What is the bubble point (T) of a liquid mixture of 45% toluene and 55% benzene at a pressure of 1000
mm Hg? What is the composition of the first vapor formed? (b) What is the dew point of a gaseous mixture
of 45% toluene and 55% benzene at a pressure of 1000 mm Hg. What is the composition of the liquid
formed?
9. A liquid mixture consists of 40% n-pentane and 60% n-hexane by mole. It is placed in a closed container
and is heated to 100oC and a pressure of 3.5 atm. What is the resulting composition of the vapor and liquid
phases in equilibrium? What % of the original liquid is vaporized?
10 The composition of Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) is 0.5% ethane, 0.1 % acetylene, 16.4% propane, 2.1%
ethylene, 74% butane and 6.9% butene, If the room temperature is at 30oC,what is the pressure inside the
tank and the composition of the gas that first issues from this mixture.
11. (a) Calculate the composition by volume and by weight of air that is saturated with water vapor at a
pressure of 755 torrs and a temperature of 14°C. (b) Calculate the composition by volume and by weight of
CO2 that is saturated with water vapor at the conditions of part (a).
12. Nitrogen is saturated with benzene vapor at a temperature of 280 oC and a pressure of 0.9875 bar.
Calculate the composition of the mixture, expressed in the following terms. (a) % by vol (b) % by wt
(c) Grains benzene/m3 of mixture (d) kg benzene/kg N2 (e) kgmols benzene/kgmol N2.
13. CO2 contains 0.055 kg-mol of water vapor per kg mol dry CO 2 at a temperature of 33oC and a total pressure
of 755 mm Hg. Calculate: (a) relative saturation (b) % saturation of the mixture
(c) temperature to which the mixture must be heated in order that the relative saturation shall
be 35%.
14. A mixture of benzene and air at 36 0C and 100 kPa is found to have a dew point of 16 oC. Calculate its: (a)
composition by volume (b) kg-mol benzene/kg-mol air (c) wt benzene/wt air.

P=100 kPa=750.06 mmHg

A=6.89272; B=1203.531 ; C=219.888

B 1203.531
log 10 ( Pobenzene ) = A− =6.89272−
T +C 16 +219.888

Pobenzene =61.74 mmHg

Pobenzene =Pbenzene=61.74 mmHg

Pair =750.06 mmHg−61.74 mmHg=688.32 mmHg

a.)
% by vol=% by mol=% by pressure
61.74 mmHg
%mo l benzene= ×100=8.23 %
750.06 mmHg
688.32mmHg
%mo l air = ×100=91.77 %
750.06 mmHg

b.) Basis: 100 kg-mol mixture

 kg−mol benzene 8.23 kg−mol kg−mol benzene
= =0.08968
kg−mol air 91.77 kg−mol kg−mol air
c.)
78.11kg
8.23 kg−mol ×
wt benzene 1 kg−mol kg benzene
= =0. 2148
wt air 28.97 kg kg air
91.77 kg−mol ×
1 kg−mol

15. A flue gas on a wet basis contains 10% CO2, 1 % CO, 5% O2, 5% H2O and 79% N2. It is at 190oC and 750 torr.
To what temperature should it be cooled to make it saturated with water vapour keeping the total
pressure constant?

P=750 torr=750 mmHg

x C O =0.1 ; x CO =0.01 ; x O =0.05 ; x H O=0.05; x N =0.79
2 2 2 2

P H O =x H O P o
2 2

PH O
x H O= 2

2
P

P H O =( 0.05 ) ( 750 mmHg )=375 mmHg

2

P H O =PoH O =375 mmHg

2 2

B
log 10 ( PoH O )= A−
2
T +C
B
T= −C
A−log 10 ( P oH 2 O)

A=8.140191; B=1810.94 ; C=244.485

1810.94
T= −244.485=80.86 o
8.140191−log 10 ( 375 )

16. A N2-acctone gas mixture consist of 20% acetone and 80% N 2. The mixture is made by bubbling dry N2 gas
through acetone. Thus the N2 becomes saturated with acetone. The pressure is at 755 mm Hg. At what
temperature is the bubbling made?
17. 250 grams of steam is injected into a large enclosed container containing 55 kg air. If the temperature is at.
2SoC and pressure 120 kPa, calculate: (a) relative humidity (b) molal humidity
(c) humidity (d) % humidity (e) dew point.
18. A gas-vapor mixture consisting of benzene and N 2 at a total pressure of 800 mm Hg and 45 0C has a %
saturation of 65%. (a) What is the dew point and % relative saturation of the gas mixture (b) If the mixture
is heated to 700oC, what is its relative saturation and dew point with total pressure maintained at 800 mm
Hg (c) Up to what pressure can the mixture be compressed without condensing any of the benzene if the
temperature is kept at 450C?