Effect of Pylon shape on response of Cable

Stayed Suspension Hybrid Bridge

Patel Kartik Hasmukhbhai
P. G. Student, M. S. Patel Department of Civil Engineering CSPIT, CHARUSAT,
Changa, Gujarat, (India)
kartikdholu11@gmail.com
+91 9408125662

Dr. V. R. Panchal
Professor and Head
M. S. Patel Department of Civil Engineering,
CSPIT, CHARUSAT,
Changa, Gujarat, (India)
vijaypanchal.cv@charusat.ac.in

ABSTRACT

Need of long span bridge has increased with growth of infrastructure. Cable Stayed Suspension Hybrid Bridge (CSSHB) has an
upper hand in preference over suspension bridge and/ or cable stayed bridge. Dynamic analysis is attempted to examine effect of
pylon shape on pylon top displacement and axial force experienced in the main cable for different time history analysis using
SAP2000. 1400 m span CSSHB has been used for the same. Parametric study for various cable configurations has been done. H type
tower gives optimal results. Harp configuration provides least pylon top displacement while fan type provides least axial force
amongst cases compared.

KEY WORDS: Cable Stayed Bridge; Suspension Bridge;

Cable Stayed Suspension Hybrid Bridge; SAP2000.

INTRODUCTION

Need of long span bridge has increased with growth of

infrastructure. The requirement of incredible long span
bridges is increased day by day with increase in
inhabitants and their needs. To achieve a very long
span bridge, use of high strength material along with
novel structural system is essential. In general to
achieve longer span bridges, cable-stayed and
suspension systems are used, in which the cable-stayed
bridge has better structural stiffness and suspension Fig.1 Schematic Diagram of CSSHB
bridge has ability to offer longer span. Combination of
above two structural systems could achieve a very long A. Various types of pylons
span CSSHB. CSSHB has an upper hand in preference
over suspension bridge and/ or cable stayed bridge as it
incorporates advantages of both cable stayed as well as
suspension bridges.

As shown in Fig.1 major superstructure components of

CSSHB can be enlisted as

1. Cable stayed main cable

2. Suspension main cable
3. Hanger cable
4. Stay cable
5. Pylon tower
6. Deck

(a)

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 Also, spatial arrangement of cable system can be
classified as
1. Two vertical plane system
2. Inclined plane system
3. Single plane system

The evolution of CSSHB type of bridges dates back to

(b)
Fig.2 Configuration of pylon in CSSHB
In the above figure displayed, twin portal is a type
of H type frame as clearly sketched in Fig.3 below.
John A. Roebling’s great contribution to the Brooklyn
Bridge as a masterpiece in the late 19th century. In his
innovative work, stay cables were installed in the
suspension bridge to reduce the displacement of the
girder (Fig.5a). German engineer F. Dischinger
improved the concept by eliminating the vertical
hangers in the cable-stayed parts (Fig.5b) in the 1930s
(These hangers are called cross hangers hereafter).

(a) Roebling’s structural system

(b) Dichinger’s structural system

Fig.5 Structural System[1]

For low level (river) Y-frame, framed single or single

system is recommended. For higher level (sea) A-
framed is recommended. The recommended height of
the tower is between 20 to 25 % of the length of the
A-shape H-shape Y-shape
center span. Increasing the height of the towers
decreases the steel consumption of the cables as well as
Fig.3 Schematic Diagram for different pylon shape
the longitudinal compressive force in the deck;
however, it increases the cost of the tower itself. It is
B. Arrangement of stay cable
preferable to keep the towers vertical. Inclined towers
are aesthetically good but difficult to construct and are
Based on longitudinal arrangement the stay cable
even uneconomical.
arrangement can be categorized as:
1. Radial system
2. Harp system LITERATURE SURVEY
3. Fan system
Parekh et al. (2016) investigated the seismic response
of Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay cable stayed bridge
isolated with Friction Pendulum System (FPS) and
Triple Friction Pendulum System (TFPS) on Tapi
River at Surat. The dynamic analysis was carried out
by using SAP2000 software.
Savaliya et al. (2015) carried out static and dynamic
analysis of CSSHB of the east channel of Lingding
Strait in China having span of 1400m using SAP2000
software and also time period of bridge for different
mode shape is presented.
Savaliya et al. (2015) studied Effect of support
Conditions on Static Behavior of 1400m main span and
700 m side span cable-stayed Bridge.
Fig.4 Pattern of cable arrangement[10]

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Omar et al. (2009) presented an isolated base
connection modeling in order to enhance seismic
behavior of bridge towers by using viscoelastic
material and analyzed cable-stayed bridge towers under
strong ground motion.
Zhang and Sun Bin-Nam (2004) carried out three
dimensional nonlinear aerodynamic stability analysis
of cable stayed suspension Hybrid bridge span of 1400
m. They studied the effects of cable sag, length of 319 m 1400 m 319 m
suspension portion, cable arrangement on the
aerodynamic stability of the bridge.
Lai et al. (2004) conducted study to investigate the Fig.6 Geometric configuration of CSSHB
efficiency of isolation system for retrofitting cable
stayed bridges. B. Member details
SALIENT FEATURES OF CSSHB
Table 1. Member details
A. Geometrical details
 East channel of Lingding Strait in China Members E (MPa) A (m²)

5
Central span = 1400 m[2] Girder 2.1×10 1.761
 Side Span = 319 m 4
Tower C 3.3× 10 30
 Height of Pylon = 259.875 m 4
 Dimension of tower’s column = 6×5 m Tower’s TB 3.3 ×10 10
 Transverse beam = 3.17×3.17 m 2.0 ×10
5
Main Cable CS 0.3167
 Deck = Closed box concrete 5
 Girders = 36.8 m wide, 3.494 m high. Main Cable SS 2.0 ×10 0.3547
5
 H – shape , A-shape and Y-shape pylon Hanger Cable 2.0 ×10 0.0064
 Detailed cross section of pylon and deck 5
Stayed cables 2.0 ×10 0.31

C. Geometry generated in SAP2000

Fig.7 3D view of CSSHB

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 The deck section (girder) has been assigned as concrete B. Dynamic Analysis of Bridge
frame element. Nonlinear dynamic analysis, to conclude dynamic
36.8 m behavior was carried out for CSSHB. Hence, Modal
Time history analysis was carried out to recognize the
dynamic behavior of bridge. Each mode consists of a
mode shape and a set of modal properties like Time
3.494 m periods and Frequencies of the structure. Results are
presented for different pylon shape for CSSHB.

9.9 m 8.5 m 8.5 m 9.9 m C. Analysis results and discussions

Fig.8 Deck section Dynamic analyses were carried out to determine

response of the structure for different pylon shape. The
validation of the bridge can be judged by structures
response to the applied load cases. The seismic
response of cable stayed suspension Hybrid Bridge
with near fault ground motion for different pylon
Fig.6 Longitudinal view of deck shapes and results of axial force in the main cable and
pylon top displacements were noted.
40 m To evaluate the seismic response of cable stayed
bridge, six near fault ground motions (shown in Table
2) are used for analysis of CSSHB.

Table 2. Near fault ground motions data

66 m
Near-fault
Recording Duration PGD PGV
ground
station (sec) (m) (m/sec)
motions
Landers,
Lucerne
California, 49.284 2.3 1.36
Valley
259 m 1992
Northridge,
Main California, Sylmar 60 0.311 1.22
103.784 m 1994
cable
Imperial
Valley, El Centro
36.9 0.491 1.13
California, Array #7
1979
Northridge,
California, Newhall 60 0.381 1.19
1994
Imperial
Valley, El Centro
53.201 m 39.42 0.765 0.98
California, Array #5
1979
Northridge,
California, Rinaldi 14.95 0.391 1.75
1994
Fig.9 H- shape pylon

ANALYSIS OF CABLE STAYED SUSPENSION

HYBRID BRIDGE

A. Load Assignments[3]

DL= 97.980 kN/m

SIDL= 50.0 kN/m
LL = 34.650 kN/m
(Above load assign on Deck)

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 Table 3. Axial force (kN) in Main cable CS with respect to Pylon shape

Pylon Shape
Time History H-Shape Y-Shape A-Frame (Harp) A-Frame (fan)

Imp#5 128294 130635 148157 128608

Imp#7 128367 130927 144636 128916
Newhall 131833 134412 145742 132492
Lucernce valley 129129 131698 147070 129706
Rinaldi 132645 135146 145237 133111
Sylmar 131817 134406 146736 132480

Fig.2 Axial Force (KN) in Main cable CS with respect to pylon shape

Table 4. Displacement (mm) on top of pylon with respect to pylon height

Pylon Shape
Time history A-Frame
H-Shape Y-Shape A-Frame (fan)
(Harp)

Imp#5 1004.2 1033.6 583.1 997.1

Imp#7 1004.5 1033.9 583.4 997.4
Newhall 994 1019.1 574.7 982.3
Lucernce valley 1166.3 1173.6 847 1139.6
Rinaldi 1005.8 1035.6 584.6 999.2
Sylmar 1013 1044.3 589.7 1008.7

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 Fig.8 Displacement on top pylon with respect to pylon height
From the above figures it is found that bridge modelled
in the SAP2000 give the results which are found
similar with results presented in the literature. From the
dynamic analysis, it is found that axial force and
displacement results are synchronized with the
available results.
CONCLUSION
In this study, the modeling of CSSH bridge has been
done for 4 different types of pylon’s shape (as clearly
tabulated) i.e. A-Frame Harp type, A-Frame fan type,
Y-type and H-type on SAP2000 software.
 H type tower gives optimal design as it
induces least axial force amongst the group
analyzed.
 A type (Harp) should be the second option as
far as effect of pylon shape on axial force in
main cable is considered.
 H type tower probably offers enhanced
(torsional) stability and stiffness thereby
responses compared to other shapes in the
group analyses.
 A type frame gives optimal design as it
induces least displacement amongst the group
analysed.
 Harp configuration shows better results
yielding lesser displacement of pylon top.
 The results truly and synchronisingly vary
with the change in time history analysis (g and
duration)
NHCE 2017 Kartik Patel
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