CIVILIZATIONS Test Bank

TEST BANK
to accompany
Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan
CIVILIZATIONS
Past and Present
Twelfth Edition
Susan Hellert
University of Wisconsin, Platteville
New York Boston San Francisco

London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid
Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal
Test Bank to accompany Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan, Civilizations Past and Present, Twelfth Edition
Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for
classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except
in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
ISBN: 0-205-58890-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-58890-9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–OPM–10 09 08 07
ii
Contents
Chapter 1 Stone Age Societies and Earliest Civlizations of the Near East 1
Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization 20
Chapter 3 Early Indian Civilizations 31
Chapter 4 Greece 42
Chapter 5 Roman Civilization 55
Chapter 6 The Eastern Mediterranean Word, 300-750 C.E. 73
Chapter 7 The Islamic World, 800-1300 C.E. 85
Chapter 8 African Beginnings 92
Chapter 9 The Formation of Christian Europe 100
Chapter 10 Culture, Power, and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony,
220-1350 117
Chapter 11 The Americas to 1500 133
Chapter 12 The Great Dynastic Empires of Eurasia, 1300-1650 142
Chapter 13 East Asian Cultural and Political Systems, 1300-1650 150
Chapter 14 European Cultural and Religious Transformations 158
Chapter 15 State Development in Europe 178
Chapter 16 Global Encounters 192
Chapter 17 Absolutism and Limited Central Power in Europe, 1650-1774 208
Chapter 18 New Ideas and Their Political Consequences 227
Chapter 19 Africa in the World Economy, 1650-1850 242
Chapter 20 Asian and the Middle Eastern Empires and Nations, 1860-1815 250
Chapter 21 The Americas, 1650-1825 263
Chapter 22 Industrialization 271
Chapter 23 Europe, 1815-1914 288
Chapter 24 Africa and the Middle East During the Age of
European Imperialism 311
Chapter 25 Imperialism and Modernity in Asia and the Pacific, 1815-1914 324
Chapter 26 The Americas, 1825-1914 333
Chapter 27 World War I and Its Economic and Political Consequences 342
Chapter 28 The Failure of the Liberal Model and the Rise of Authoritarianism 359
Chapter 29 Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950 375
Chapter 30 National Movements and the Drive for Independence
in the Middle East and Africa from the 1920s to 1950s 383
Chapter 31 World War II 394
Chapter 32 Europe and the United States Since 1945 408
Chapter 33 The Middle East and Africa Since 1945 426
Chapter 34 Latin America since 1910 438
Chapter 35 Asia and the South Pacific Since 1945 446
Chapter 36 Into the Twenty-first Century 459
Chapter 1 Stone Age Societies and the Earliest
Civilizations of the Near East
1) The earliest prehuman species thus far discovered is called
A) Homo sapiens.
B) Australopithecus.
C) Homo habilis.
D) Neanderthal man.
E) Homo erectus.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 4
2) The first use of fire is attributed to
A) Homo habilis.
B) Cro-Magnon man.
C) Neanderthal man.
D) Australopithecus.
E) Homo erectus.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 4
3) Neanderthal man lived primarily in
A) North America.
B) Europe.
C) Arabia
D) Java.
E) China.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
4) All of the following are true of Neanderthal man EXCEPT
A) they were able hunters.
B) they were well suited for colder climates.
C) they wore clothes.
D) they were the same height as modern man.
E) they invented tools.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 5
5) Which of the following do present-day humans most closely resemble?
A) Cro-Magnon man
B) Homo erectus
C) Homo habilis
D) Australopithecus
E) Neanderthal man
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6
1
6) Humankind has created patterns of behavior and learning termed
A) religion.
B) culture.
C) clans.
D) civilization.
E) language.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6
7) ʺPaleolithic cultureʺ refers to
A) the use of iron.
B) the development of bronze tools.
C) the use of stone tools.
D) the use of agriculture.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6
8) The terms ʺutilization,ʺ ʺfashioning,ʺ and ʺstandardizationʺ describe stages of the
A) human invention of tools.
B) growth of agriculture.
C) evolution of the human brain.
D) creation of an empire.
E) development of specialization of labor.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-7
9) The earliest-known works of art are paintings on
A) the walls of caves.
B) woven fabrics.
C) animal skins.
D) burial artifacts.
E) bark.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 7
10) The transition of human beings from a food-gathering to a food-producing economy occurred
during the ________ Age.
A) Iron
B) Bronze
C) Paleolithic
D) Neolithic
E) Mesolithic
Answer: D
Page Ref: 7
2
11) The Fertile Crescent is an area located
A) on the Arabian peninsula.
B) from the Nile River to the Tigris River and beyond to the Persian Gulf.
C) along the Upper Nile.
D) south through Egypt to Nubia.
E) along the Mediterranean Sea.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 7
12) The best-preserved village of the Neolithic Age has been found in modern-day
A) Turkey. B) Persia. C) China. D) Egypt. E) India.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 7
13) Womenʹs responsibilities during the Neolithic Period included
A) gathering food
B) weaving textiles.
C) cultivating fields.
D) spinning flax and wool.
E) all of the above.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 8
14) The most basic and universal unit of human social relationships is the
A) clan. B) tribe. C) totem. D) family. E) village.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 8
15) Examples of totemism exist today
A) in fraternal groups.
B) in sports organizations.
C) in military insignia.
D) in school mascots.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 8
16) In preliterate societies, justice meant
A) maintaining equilibrium within the group.
B) adhering to the dictates of the tribal chief.
C) following moral commandments.
D) never requiring the death of a society member.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 8
3
17) A form of primitive religion that regarded all objects in nature as inhabited by ʺspiritsʺ is
called
A) polythesim.
B) science.
C) black magic.
D) monotheism.
E) animism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 8
18) Primitive religion utilized magic
A) rarely.
B) only through female members of the clan.
C) to obtain favors from the spirits.
D) to threaten opposition.
E) to govern.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 9
19) Science during the Stone Age
A) involved little more than use of magic
B) involved the construction of astronomical structures.
C) was nonexistent.
D) was concerned only with the afterlife.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 10
20) All of the following apply to the development of human civilization EXCEPT
A) tool making.
B) hunting and gathering.
C) political systems.
D) specialization of labor.
E) writing.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 10
21) All of the following are attributes of a civilization EXCEPT
A) urban settlement.
B) writing.
C) hunting and gathering.
D) labor specialization.
E) religious hierarchy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
4
22) The word ʺMesopotamiaʺ is derived from the Greek word meaning
A) dry land.
B) land near the mountains.
C) land between the rivers.
D) unknown land.
E) land near the sea.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
23) The four earliest civilizations arose
A) in river valleys.
B) in sheltered mountain caves.
C) by the seashores.
D) near desert oases.
E) in isolation from other peoples.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 10
24) The area of the first great civilizations where rainfall was adequate to grow grain and grazing
animals could find sufficient food is
A) the Arabian Peninsula.
B) the Nile River Valley.
C) the Fertile Crescent.
D) the Levant.
E) Turkey.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
25) Bronze is an alloy (combination) of
A) copper and zinc.
B) iron and copper.
C) copper and tin.
D) iron and copper.
E) gold and silver.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
26) Which of the following was NOT invented in early Mesopotamia?
A) printing
B) the potterʹs wheel
C) the sailboat
D) the wheel
E) all of the above
Answer: A
Page Ref: 11
5
27) The prehistoric or protoliterate era refers to
A) the agricultural revolution.
B) the era after writing had occurred.
C) the Minoan Culture.
D) the times before 2800 B.C.E.
E) the times before 1000 C.E.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 11
28) The people who founded the first civilization in Mesopotamia were called
A) Sumerians.
B) Nubians.
C) Persians.
D) Babylonians.
E) Assyrians.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 11
29) The first mechanical device invented was the
A) potterʹs wheel.
B) windmill.
C) water loom
D) sail.
E) spinning wheel.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 11
30) Writing materials used in ancient Mesopotamia usually included
A) paints or ink.
B) parchment made from animal skins.
C) paper made from linen.
D) papyrus.
E) clay tablets.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 11
31) The Sumerian language
A) stimulated Egyptians to develop a script of their own.
B) was the source of Semitic languages.
C) evolved on the Arabian peninsula.
D) was the source of Indo-European languages.
E) began in the region of the Black Sea.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 11
6
32) Using pictographs for ideas as well as things first evolved in
A) Palestine.
B) Assyria.
C) Sumer.
D) Egypt.
E) Phoenicia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 11
33) The type of government found in the earliest Mesopotamian cities could best be described as
A) an assembly of elders.
B) theocracy.
C) military dictatorship.
D) absolute monarchy.
E) democracy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 11
34) In the early Mesopotamian city-states, land
A) was controlled by the temples.
B) belonged to the priests.
C) belonged exclusively to the king.
D) was divided between the temples and large private estates.
E) mostly belonged to small farmers.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 11
35) The very powerful nobles or landowners in early Mesopotamian culture were called
A) clients.
B) lugals.
C) ensi.
D) tyrants.
E) ziggurats.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 11
36) The development of strong kingship in Sumerian cities was usually associated with
A) popular revolt against oppression.
B) the enslavement of the poorer classes.
C) foreign invasion.
D) a dominant priesthood.
E) militarism and conquest.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 12
7
37) Slavery in Mesopotamia
A) involved only conquered peoples.
B) was less humane than other places and times in history.
C) was based on race.
D) was more humane than other places and times in history.
E) was nonexistent.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 12
38) The Semitic peoples who migrated into Mesopotamia originated in
A) the highlands of Iran.
B) Egypt.
C) the Arabian deserts.
D) Asia Minor.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 13
39) Which of the following is often credited with establishing ʺthe worldʹs first empireʺ?
A) Thutmose III of Egypt
B) Cyrus the Great of Persia
C) Urukagina of Lagash
D) Sargon I of Akkad
E) Hammurabi of Chaldea
Answer: D
Page Ref: 13
40) The northern region of Mesopotamia is known as
A) Assyria.
B) Ur.
C) Sumer.
D) Palestine.
E) Akkad.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 13
41) During the ʺneo-Sumerian periodʺ at the end of the third millennium B.C.E., the dominant city

of lower Mesopotamia was
A) Nineveh. B) Minerva. C) Lagash. D) Ur. E) Babylon.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 13
8
42) Sumer and its leading urban center ceased to be dominant factors in Mesopotamia about 2000
B.C.E. when
A) the poor rose up in revolt and destroyed the city.
B) a catastrophic flood destroyed the city.
C) Elamites from the region of present-day Iran destroyed the city.
D) the Hittites from the north invaded and sacked the kingdom.
E) an unknown event destroyed the city.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 13
43) Babylonian dominance over much of Mesopotamia was established by
A) Assyria.
B) Hammurabi.
C) Urukagina.
D) Gilgamesh.
E) Sargon.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 14
44) Hammurabi is best known for his
A) collection of literary works.
B) code of laws.
C) monotheistic religion.
D) conquest of Egypt.
E) spectacular gardens.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 14
45) The Babylonians made advances in mathematics, including
A) a system of counting based on the unit 60; still used for time and angles.
B) quadratic equations.
C) fractions.
D) square and cube roots.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 14
46) The Babylonians made advances in science, including new theories on
A) a sun-centered universe.
B) the rotation of the earth.
C) gravity.
D) astronomy.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 14
9
47) In the ________, the oldest existing literary work, a king strives for power and immortality.
A) Dead Sea Scrolls
B) Epic of Gilgamesh
C) Egyptian Book of the Dead
D) Psalms
E) Bible
Answer: B
Page Ref: 15
48) Mesopotamian religion as developed by the Sumerians and the Babylonians did NOT include
a belief that
A) the gods controlled nature.
B) future events might be foretold.
C) humans were immortal beings.
D) humans were vulnerable to evil demons.
E) rewards for good behavior came during, not after, life.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 15
49) Mesopotamian religion held that only ________ could protect humans from evil spirits.
A) faith
B) human sacrifice
C) priests
D) good deeds
E) rituals and omens
Answer: E
Page Ref: 16
50) The pattern of disunity and warfare in Mesopotamia reasserted itself in 1595 B.C.E., when the

________ destroyed Babylon.
A) Hebrews
B) Egyptians
C) Assyrians
D) Philistines
E) Hittites
Answer: E
Page Ref: 16
51) The annual flooding of the Nile River reaches its crest in
A) summer.
B) winter.
C) autumn.
D) spring.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 16
10
52) The Predynastic Period of Egyptian history ended when
A) the Sumerians conquered Egypt.
B) Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt.
C) a famine caused a revolt.
D) a religious leader established a theocracy.
E) the leader of Thebes conquered the entire Nile Valley.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 17
53) The form of government that existed under the Old Kingdom of Egypt might best be described
as a(n)
A) military dictatorship.
B) tribal assembly.
C) absolute monarchy.
D) theocracy.
E) democracy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 17
54) Under the Old Kingdom of Egypt, land
A) belonged to the temples.
B) belonged to the pharaoh (king).
C) was owned partly by priests and partly by nobles.
D) was owned by powerful land lords.
E) mostly belonged to small farmers.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 17
55) A dynasty refers to
A) a minister of state.
B) a belief in many gods.
C) a goddess who represented balance and harmony.
D) the Kemet.
E) a series of rulers who belong to the same family .
Answer: E
Page Ref: 17
56) All of the following provided the Egyptians with a sense of security unknown in Mesopotamia
EXCEPT
A) belief in a god-king.
B) belief that the welfare of the people rested on devotion to the pharaoh.
C) reliable flooding of the Nile.
D) universal male military training.
E) natural obstructions to invasion.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 17
11
57) The purpose of the pyramids of Egypt was to
A) worship the sun.
B) bury kings.
C) provide places of safety when the Nile flooded.
D) store grain.
E) provide high places for worshiping the gods.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 17
58) The pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt emphasized
A) pyramid building.
B) religion.
C) public works and benefits for the masses.
D) benefits for the temples.
E) rewarding the nobility.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 17
59) In the 18th century B.C.E., Egypt was invaded, and lower Egypt occupied, by a people called the
A) Persians.
B) Nubians.
C) Hyksos.
D) Hebrews.
E) Assyrians.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 17
60) During the reign of the Hyksos, all of the following occurred in Egypt EXCEPT
A) introduction of the horse and chariot.
B) abolition of the pharaoh.
C) extended trading networks.
D) maintenance of the same architectural styles.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 18
61) The greatest conquering pharaoh of the New Kingdom was
A) Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton).
B) Tutankhamen.
C) Hatshepsut.
D) Thutmose III.
E) Menes.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 18
12
62) Hatshepsutʹs reign of Egypt was unusual because
A) there were no foreign invasions.
B) the pharaoh established a strong middle class.
C) Egypt conquered Palestine and Babylon.
D) the pharaoh was female.
E) Egypt suffered massive famines.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 18
63) Obelisks
A) commemorate the reign of Thutmose III.
B) are priests.
C) proclaim the worship of Amon.
D) are burial chambers for pharaohs.
E) no longer exist.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 18
64) The New Kingdom declined when Amenhotep III
A) failed to defeat the Hyksos.
B) restored the capital at Thebes.
C) allowed Egypt to be occupied by Semitic peoples.
D) died without an heir.
E) provoked religious opposition by worshipping Aton, the sun disk.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 18
65) In the 13th century B.C.E., the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II
A) witnessed the rapid decline of Egypt.
B) was a period of national grandeur.
C) failed to contribute to the building of lasting monuments.
D) controlled the priests of Amon.
E) lost Palestine.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 19
66) During the Third Intermediate Period, Egypt experienced all of the following EXCEPT
A) the Amon priesthood was crushed.
B) the creation of the first Egyptian navy.
C) the Libyans moved into central Egypt.
D) a revival of ancient artistic and literary forms.
E) becoming a province of the Assyrians.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 19
13
67) The people whose conquest in 525 B.C.E. ended Egyptian independence in the ancient world
were the
A) Nubians.
B) Hebrews.
C) Persians.
D) Greeks.
E) Kush.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 20
68) The Kingdom of Kush or Nubia is in present-day
A) Sudan.
B) Egypt.
C) Saudi Arabia.
D) Ethiopia.
E) Palestine.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 20
69) While the Egyptian pharaoh enjoyed absolute power, the social stratification allowed a rise in
status based on
A) military service.
B) education.
C) marriage.
D) birth status.
E) religious service.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 20
70) Egyptʹs influences on Kush included
A) burial practices.
B) architecture.
C) art.
D) language.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 21
71) The Egyptian trading network included all of the following EXCEPT
A) the Persian Gulf.
B) the Red Sea.
C) the Mediterranean Sea.
D) the Nile River.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 22-23
14
72) All of the following were exports of Egypt EXCEPT
A) linen. B) wheat. C) papyrus. D) copper. E) gold.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 22
73) The idea of an afterlife and the belief that salvation was achieved by good conduct in this life
were ideas associated with the worship of
A) Seth.
B) Akhenaton.
C) Amon.
D) Osiris.
E) the Feather of Truth.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 22
74) Akhenaton broke with Egyptian religious beliefs by stressing
A) prayers for well-being.
B) a preparation for the afterlife.
C) non-existence of an afterlife.
D) one omnipotent creator.
E) beliefs in many gods.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 23
75) Egyptian accomplishments in science included
A) the solar calendar.
B) multiplication tables.
C) anesthetic.
D) true scientific methodology.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 24
76) The temples of Karnak and Luxor at Thebes were constructed during the
A) Period of Decadence.
B) New Kingdom.
C) Old Kingdom.
D) Middle Kingdom.
E) First Intermediate Period.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 25
77) Egyptian art lacked
A) religious themes.
B) color.
C) realism.
D) perspective.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 25
15
78) The earliest known work of Egyptian literature is
A) The Book of the Dead.
B) the Pyramid Texts.
C) Hymn to the Sun.
D) the Ode to the Pharaoh.
E) the temple inscription at Karnak.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 25
79) Which of the following was NOT an original achievement of the Hittites?
A) a written Indo-European language
B) the use of cuneiform script
C) the use of iron
D) the horse-drawn chariot
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Page Ref: 26
80) What disrupted the stable regimes of the eastern Mediterranean for the two centuries
following 1200 B.C.E.?
A) the revival of the Sumerian civilization
B) natural disasters
C) the fall of the Egyptians
D) raiding and displaced peoples
E) the rise of the Hittites
Answer: D
Page Ref: 26
81) Which of the following was NOT considered one of the Sea Peoples?
A) Sicilians
B) Sardinians
C) Philistines
D) Etruscans
E) Hittites
Answer: E
Page Ref: 26
82) Phoenicians lived in what present-day country?
A) Iraq B) Iran C) Israel D) Lebanon E) Turkey
Answer: C
Page Ref: 27
83) The Phoenician culture is LEAST significant for its accomplishments in
A) shipbuilding.
B) manufacturing.
C) literature and art.
D) trade.
E) devising an alphabet.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 28
16
84) The main contributions of the Hebrews included
A) diplomacy and war.
B) religion and ethics.
C) art.
D) architecture.
E) science and inventions.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 28
85) The history of the Hebrews is found in
A) The Book of the Dead.
B) the Bible.
C) the Epic of Gilgamesh.
D) The New Testament.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 28
86) Israelite judges included
A) Joseph.
B) Abraham.
C) Moses.
D) Deborah.
E) Isaac.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 29
87) Israel reached its height in worldly might and splendor during the reign of
A) Solomon.
B) Abraham.
C) Saul.
D) David.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 30
88) The Hebrew Kingdom of Judah was captured by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.E., resulting in all

the following EXCEPT
A) the building of Jewish synagogues.
B) the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
C) the destruction of Jerusalem.
D) the Babylonian Captivity.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 30
17
89) In 70 C.E., the Diaspora of the Jews by the Romans
A) sent the Jews from their homeland.
B) allowed the influence of Greco-Roman culture on the Jews.
C) ended the political entity of the Jews until the 20th century.
D) did not destroy Judaism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 30
90) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Assyrian Empire?
A) lack of trade
B) an efficient system of communications
C) strong monarchs
D) strong military
E) unification of weak and unstable regions of Mesopotamia
Answer: A
Page Ref: 32
91) Lydians invented
A) cement.
B) coinage.
C) the plow.
D) an alphabet.
E) bronze.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 32
92) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon became one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
during the reign of
A) Gilgamesh.
B) Ishtar.
C) Saul.
D) Hammurabi.
E) Nebuchadnezzar.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 33
93) The greatest conqueror in the history of the Ancient Near East must be considered King
A) Thutmose III of Egypt.
B) Solomon of Israel.
C) Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.
D) Cyrus the Great of Persia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 33
18
94) Which of the following was LEAST characteristic of the Persian Empire and civilization?
A) efficiency in governmental administration
B) efficient postal system
C) a uniform coinage and promotion of trade
D) persecution of racial minorities
E) the practice of an ethical religion
Answer: D
Page Ref: 34
95) Zoroaster founded a religion
A) establishing ethical precepts.
B) worshipping the Magi priests.
C) including idol worship.
D) that no longer exists.
E) based on animism.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 35
19
Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization
1) Neolithic farming in China developed within the watersheds of the
A) Amur and Volga.
B) Mekong and Indus.
C) Yangzi and Mekong.
D) Mekong and Ganges.
E) Yangzi and Huanghe.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 40
2) Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of Chinaʹs geography?
A) Three mountain ranges run from North to South.
B) The Huanghe or the Yellow River caused loess deposits to be made due to flooding.
C) The major rivers of China begin in Tibet.
D) Two main regional cultures emerged by the Neolithic Era.
E) China has eight different ecosystems.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 40
3) Chinaʹs geography
A) united it politically.
B) isolated it from other centers of civilization.
C) lacked the great river valleys around which the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt
developed.
D) lacked arable land to support agriculture.
E) played no major role in Chinaʹs development.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 40
4) The people of Neolithic China had all of the following in common EXCEPT
A) walled towns.
B) domesticated animals.
C) metallurgy.
D) oracle bones.
E) pottery making.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 41
5) The Five Sovereigns were
A) mythical kings who ruled before dynastic succession was established.
B) the gods of the Neolithic Chinese.
C) ancient land lords who protected the common people from invasion.
D) the first five dynasties in China.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 42
20
6) Chinaʹs first dynasty was the
A) Manchu. B) Ming. C) Chou. D) Shang. E) Han.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 42
7) Bronze metallurgy during Chinaʹs Shang dynasty
A) produced intricate works of art.
B) did not exist.
C) declined in importance.
D) was used only for agricultural tools.
E) became an important element of religious rituals.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 42
8) The Shang writing system of China differed from other ancient writing systems in that
A) words were never associated with sounds.
B) it has disappeared, having no influence on the modern Chinese writing system.
C) most writing was recorded on clay tablets.
D) it was only capable of representing physical and observable objects.
E) each word was represented by a different character.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 43
9) Oracle bones were used during the Shang dynasty to
A) commemorate the rule of each emperor.
B) communicate with the ancestral spirits.
C) finance trade with other peoples.
D) record military victories.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 43
10) All of the following are characteristics of the Shang dynasty EXCEPT
A) the power of the nobles rested on land ownership.
B) religion maintained social order.
C) women were required to be passive and submissive.
D) the kingʹs religious and secular powers were separate.
E) peasants had little mobility.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 43-44
11) The Mandate of Heaven concept
A) forged a bond between the ruler and his subjects.
B) dissolved with the defeat of the Shang by the Zhou.
C) introduced the concept of necessary approval for a particular dynasty from the cosmos in
order to rule.
D) institutionalized the Chinese belief in one all-powerful god.
E) had begun before the Shang dynasty.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 45
21
12) The Zhou dynasty established a feudal system of government that
A) ignored local leaders.
B) was ruled from one central location absolutely.
C) emphasized the rule of the local priests.
D) allowed women and peasants legal rights.
E) gave local authority to powerful nobles in exchange for their loyalty.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 45-46
13) The key to the longevity of the Zhou dynasty was
A) the efficiency of its feudal system of government.
B) the selection of rulers through democratic processes.
C) the absence of barbarian attacks.
D) its establishment of a classless society.
E) the power of its military.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 46
14) Which of the following dynasties was the longest in Chinese history?
A) Shang
B) Han
C) Zhou
D) Ming
Answer: C
Page Ref: 46
15) A key achievement of the Zhou period was the development of
A) bronze tool-making.
B) iron production.
C) writing.
D) rice cultivation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 46
16) Ancestor worship
A) involved human and animal sacrifice.
B) continued during the Zhou dynasty.
C) never involved formal rituals.
D) failed to embrace the majority of Chinese.
E) involved only the lowest class.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 46
22
17) The Zhou dynasty introduced or perfected
A) an improved economic level for merchant and artisan classes.
B) the use of coins.
C) canal construction.
D) poetry collections.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 45-46
18) Yin and Yang refer to
A) emperors of the Shang dynasty.
B) family household gods.
C) burial rituals of the Shang period.
D) major rivers systems of China.
E) conflicting forces within the universe.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 47
19) All of the following illustrate contributions of the Zhou dynasty EXCEPT
A) gunpowder.
B) the art of horseback riding.
C) the construction of defensive walls.
D) new military uniforms.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 46-47
20) Confuciusʹs primary concern was to
A) restore Chinaʹs economic prosperity.
B) reconcile the physical and spiritual worlds.
C) explain the roles of death and afterlife.
D) bring spiritual morality to China.
E) improve Chinese society.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 48
21) Confucius was a contemporary of all the following EXCEPT
A) Buddha.
B) Zoroaster.
C) the Classical Greek philosophers.
D) Abraham.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 48
23
22) The principle of li in Chinese life expresses
A) a kingʹs right to suppress all challenges to authority.
B) the demand that loyalty to the ruler supercedes loyalty to family.
C) prosperity, manners, and sacred rituals.
D) a code of honor and chivalry for the nobility in both war and peace.
E) the right of the Chinese people to rebel against government oppression.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 48
23) Confuciusʹs view of society was
A) democratic.
B) chaotic.
C) theocratic.
D) liberal.
E) hierarchical.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 49
24) Confucius believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of the
A) peasants.
B) priests.
C) nobility.
D) individual citizen.
E) ruler.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 49
25) According to Mencius
A) the welfare of the people was secondary to the welfare of the ruler.
B) all people are morally equal.
C) people had the right to express their political views.
D) all people are by nature evil.
E) people had the right to rebel against rulers who lost the Mandate of Heaven.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 50
26) Menciusʹs contributions to Confucianism were his attacks on individualism and his advocacy
that government
A) possesses the responsibility for the welfare of its people.
B) must be based on violence to force the compliance of its people.
C) should be chosen by its people.
D) must establish strict laws.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 50
24
27) Daoists believed
A) political involvement of all people is essential.
B) one must constantly strive to improve society.
C) books are of primary importance.
D) action is better than inaction.
E) intuition, not reason, is the true source of knowledge.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 52
28) The ultimate goal of Legalism was
A) benevolence toward the rulerʹs subjects.
B) the expulsion of foreign invaders.
C) an elaborate system of laws with fixed penalties.
D) the establishment of a moral society.
E) economic progress.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 52
29) The essence of Daoism is
A) escape from this world through union with the Absolute Reality.
B) a life in conformity with nature.
C) the pursuit of all things pleasurable to the senses.
D) an attempt to better society through involvement in government.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 52
30) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the philosophers of the Warring States?
A) response to the brutality of war
B) left no permanent record
C) diverse cultural and regional environments
D) became the ʺClassicsʺ or the heart of Chinese philosophy
E) ability to transcend their time and place
Answer: B
Page Ref: 52
31) A key feature of the legalist Qin dynasty was
A) Daoism.
B) constant warfare and anarchy.
C) a continuation of feudalism.
D) the development and use of overwhelming power.
E) its reliance on moral virtue.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 53
25
32) The chief economic reform of the Qin dynasty was to
A) open new territories to Chinaʹs crowded population.
B) rescue the impoverished feudal nobility.
C) take land from the nobility and give ownership to the peasants.
D) shift agriculture to rice cultivation.
E) implement a tax on the nobility.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 53
33) All of the following were achievements of the Qin dynasty EXCEPT it
A) emphasized Confucianism.
B) freed the serfs.
C) constructed public works projects.
D) implemented a universal draft.
E) expanded the realm of China into South China to Vietnam.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 53
34) The Qin dynastyʹs economic growth was due to all of the following EXCEPT
A) emphasizing intellectual conformity.
B) the construction of highways and canals.
C) the completion of the Great Wall of China.
D) a unified currency.
E) the standardization of the written language.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 53-54
35) Education during the Qin dynasty
A) allowed open discourse.
B) remained within families.
C) was nonexistent.
D) rested on the teaching of approved texts and interpretations.
E) emphasized the Confucian Classics.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 55
36) The death of the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty in 210 B.C.E. resulted in

A) civil war.
B) the establishment of a military regime for the next 30 years.
C) succession by his eldest son, who maintained a strong empire.
D) foreign conquest.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 55
26
37) The Han dynasty during the reign of Wudi accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
A) conquest of Northern Korea.
B) annexation of Northeastern India.
C) establishment of commercial exchange between China and the West.
D) conquest of northern Vietnam.
E) the control of trade routes across Central Asia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 56-57
38) The field of study required for government service in Chinaʹs Han Dynasty was based on
A) history.
B) science.
C) military science.
D) Buddhism.
E) Confucianism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 58
39) The Han Dynasty was the contemporary of the
A) Old Kingdom of Egypt.
B) Persian Empire.
C) Greek Empire.
D) Islamic Empire.
E) Roman Civilization.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 57
40) All of the following contributed to the decline of the Han dynasty EXCEPT
A) religious uprisings.
B) population decline due to a plague.
C) flooding of the Huanghe.
D) an inflexible bureaucracy.
E) the concentration of power within certain families.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 57
41) The Chinese emperor who consolidated power in the East just as the Romans established Pax

Romana in the West was
A) Wang Mang during the Han dynasty.
B) Lady Hao.
C) Wudi during the Han dynasty.
D) the Taipingdao.
E) Xiongnu of the Huns.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 57
27
42) Wang Mangʹs efforts to reform and thereby save the Han Dynasty included all of the following
EXCEPT
A) forcing the peasants into slavery.
B) purchasing government commodities to stabilize prices.
C) distributing land to peasant families.
D) setting maximum prices for basic commodities.
E) issuing new coinage.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 57
43) Results of the decline of the Han Dynasty included
A) growth of landownersʹ power.
B) peasant uprisings.
C) centuries of disunity.
D) agricultural failures.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 57
44) An important scholarly tradition begun by the Han Dynasty was
A) outlawing philosophical teachings opposed to each dynastyʹs official philosophy.
B) to encourage an official philosophy.
C) for each dynasty to write the official history of its immediate predecessor.
D) an emphasis on science.
E) to increase national literacy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 58
45) Art during the Han dynasty
A) was religious.
B) was discouraged.
C) emphasized surreal subjects.
D) was a tool to encourage conformity to the state.
E) was realistic and secular.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 58
46) All of the following are examples of Han technological achievements EXCEPT
A) the non-choking horse collar.
B) the seismograph.
C) the printing press.
D) the wheelbarrow.
E) paper made from cloth rags.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 59
28
47) Ban Zhao, who served as the only female to be chosen as court historian,
A) wrote of womanly virtue.
B) defined education for women.
C) defined womenʹs work.
D) stressed womenʹs role in the family.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 59
48) Whereas original Confucianism and Daoism emphasized ethical conduct, popular Daoism
emphasized the achievement of a long life by
A) merging the inner self with the soul of the universe.
B) pursuing physical pleasure.
C) stressing compassion.
D) using magical charms and spells.
E) avoiding unethical or immoral behavior.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 61
49) The first great initiator of EastWest trade was
A) the alliance between Han China and Bactria.
B) the establishment of unity in India by the Mauryan Empire.
C) the discovery of iron.
D) Persian royal authority.
E) Wudiʹs interaction with Alexander the Greatʹs northern empire.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 61
50) Trade between China and the West
A) established the ʺSilk Roadʺ to carry goods to and from China.
B) was nonexistent.
C) resulted in a rising Chinese debt.
D) resulted in China demanding Roman products.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 61-62
51) The most important factor in encouraging the development of ties between China and Rome
was
A) Christian missionaries.
B) gold from Asia.
C) the sharing of scientific knowledge.
D) the rice trade.
E) the silk trade.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 62
29
52) All of the following are basic characteristics of EastWest trade during the period of the
Roman Empire EXCEPT
A) the net flow of wealth was from Europe to Asia.
B) most of the trade was in luxury goods.
C) ideas moved from East to West as well as products.
D) the trade ensured lasting wealth for both East and West.
E) the trade was carried by both land and sea.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 62
30
Chapter 3 Early Indian Civilizations
1) India is a subcontinent comprising all of the following modern nations EXCEPT
A) Nepal.
B) Tibet.
C) Pakistan.
D) Kashmir.
E) Sri Lanka.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 66
2) India is divided from the rest of Asia by the
A) Western Ghats.
B) Indian Ocean.
C) Ganges River.
D) Himalayan Mountains.
E) Bay of Bengal.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 66
3) Indiaʹs climate is governed by
A) monsoon winds.
B) mountains along the coast.
C) ocean currents.
D) global warming.
E) the Pacific Gulf Stream.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 66
4) Civilization arose in India about 2500 B.C.E.
A) on the island of Sri Lanka (Ceylon).
B) along the Indus River.
C) along the coastal regions of the Western Ghats.
D) in the Himalayan Mountains.
E) along the Indian and Deccan Rivers.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 66
5) Which of the following is NOT true of the early Indian civilization?
A) Their pictographic script has not yet been deciphered.
B) Bronze and copper were used for tools and weapons.
C) Agriculture was primitive, involving neither irrigation nor domestication of animals.
D) Textiles became important trade items.
E) Trade was conducted with Mesopotamia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 67
31
6) The economy of the Indus civilization produced
A) grapes.
B) corn.
C) rice.
D) cotton textiles.
E) silk.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 67
7) The key technology that allowed the Aryans to invade and conquer the more sophisticated
Neolithic civilization of the Indus River valley included
A) elephants.
B) Sanskrit.
C) metal weapons.
D) horse-drawn chariots.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 69
8) The decline of the Indus Valley civilization resulted due to
A) unknown causes.
B) natural disasters.
C) invasion by Chinese armies.
D) civil war.
E) disease.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 69
9) The indigenous people of India were the
A) Celts.
B) Brahmans.
C) Indo-Europeans.
D) Aryans.
E) Dravidians.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 69
10) Indo-European languages included all of the following EXCEPT
A) Sanskrit. B) Arabic. C) Persian. D) German. E) English.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 69
32
11) Much information exists about India from 1500 B.C.E. to 100 B.C.E., and the Aryan civilization
comes from
A) religious texts called the Rig-Veda.
B) information found on tablets kept by trading partners during the same time period.
C) the tombs of the kings.
D) corresponding records discovered in China.
E) the extensive agricultural records kept during this time.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 72
12) All of the following were major contributions of the Aryans to Indian civilization EXCEPT
A) the foundation of the caste system.
B) rituals and ceremonies.
C) the Sanskrit language.
D) agricultural techniques.
E) the sacred Vedic literature.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 72
13) The god most worshipped by the Aryans was
A) Veda. B) Rig. C) Indra. D) Varuna. E) Dasas.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 72
14) During the Early Vedic Era, each tribe was ruled by a war leader or
A) Brahman.
B) rita.
C) raja.
D) Shudra.
E) Kshatriyas.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 73
15) Which of the following characteristics from the past remain(s) significant to modern Indian
politics?
A) the sense of sacred space to the Indian people
B) the lack of natural resources
C) the belief that all people are equal
D) the existence of tribal assemblies
E) all of the above
Answer: A
Page Ref: 73
33
16) During the Early Vedic Age, all of the following social categories existed EXCEPT
A) Kshatriyas.
B) Shudras.
C) Vaishyas.
D) Ramayana.
E) Brahmans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 73
17) This religion emphasizes proper behavior for oneʹs station in life and the eventual release from
the cycle of rebirth.
A) Islam
B) Buddhism
C) Judaism
D) Hinduism
E) Christianity
Answer: D
Page Ref: 73
18) The Brahmans gained great power and prestige because
A) they were warlords.
B) they controlled the complex rites of sacrifice believed to cause prosperity, good luck, and
long life.
C) they controlled the grain reserves in times of famine.
D) they served also as kings.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 74
19) The Untouchables of the Later Vedic Age
A) were serfs.
B) referred to the merchants and shopkeepers.
C) were the criminals.
D) remained restricted to the cities.
E) held menial and degrading occupations.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 74
20) The three pillars of Indian society are all of the following EXCEPT
A) the joint family.
B) Confucianism.
C) the autonomous village.
D) the caste system.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 75
34
21) Dramatic cultural changes occurred about 600 BCE in India when
A) invasions from China altered Indiaʹs political structure.
B) a radical religious sect attacked the traditional Vedic beliefs.
C) Confucianism was adopted.
D) catastrophic flooding resulting from a typhoon destroyed the major urban areas.
E) an epidemic drastically reduced the population.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 75
22) A common denominator of Indian society has been
A) interest placed on the value of the individual.
B) the religious connection between the individual and the spirits.
C) emphasis on communal interests.
D) a matriarchal society.
E) equal treatment of men and women.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 75
23) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Upanishads?
A) Brahman is the only permanent reality.
B) They introduced the transmigration of the soul.
C) The moksha is the escape from karma.
D) Escape from samsara can occur only through immersing oneself in brahman through
meditation.
E) Emperors are gods.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 75
24) Dharma means
A) bad deeds.
B) suffering.
C) religious law.
D) heaven.
E) a holy book.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 76
25) The most significant contribution of Jainism is
A) the concept of free will.
B) the concept of karma.
C) the concept of sin.
D) the concept of immortality.
E) the concept of ahimsa.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 76
35
26) Which of the following is consistent with Jainism?
A) Women may participate.
B) Most lay Jains became merchants.
C) All destructive acts must be avoided.
D) The middle class was included.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 76
27) Siddhartha Gautama
A) was born a prince of the Shakyas of India.
B) defined the Middle Way to human happiness.
C) renounced his birthright to become an ascetic.
D) discovered the Four Noble Truths.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 78
28) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Buddhism?
A) The Great Awakening
B) The cause of suffering is desire.
C) Individualism is of primary importance.
D) Happiness results from following the Middle Way.
E) Words must be governed by moral precepts.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 78
29) All of the following are part of Buddhismʹs Noble Eightfold Path EXCEPT
A) right community.
B) right speech.
C) right livelihood.
D) right resolve.
E) right conduct.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 79
30) Stupas were
A) imperial palaces for Mauryan emperors.
B) Graeco-Bactrian statues.
C) a community of monks.
D) shrines for Buddhist holy relics.
E) members of the Hindu warrior caste.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 78
36
31) In Buddhism, the Three Precious Jewels refer to
A) nirvana, wisdom, meditation.
B) the Buddha, Dharma, and the Sangha.
C) moral precepts included in Buddhism.
D) Buddhaʹs denunciation of material goods.
E) the growing community of monks walking the Path.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 80
32) Alexander the Greatʹs impact on India
A) spread throughout the sub-continent.
B) included language, religion, and art.
C) was non-existent.
D) lasted for more than a century.
E) opened routes between India and countries to the west.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 81
33) The roots of the Mauryan Empire lay
A) in the Babylonian Exile.
B) in the disintegration of Alexander the Greatʹs Empire.
C) within the conquests of the Shang Dynasty.
D) with the Aryan arrival.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 81
34) Indiaʹs first empire was founded about 320 B.C.E. by

A) Pataliputra.
B) Alexander the Great.
C) Buddha.
D) Chandragupta Maurya.
E) Mahavira.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 82
35) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Mauryan Empire?
A) The Brahman priesthood served as magistrates.
B) The existence of a large professional army served the empire.
C) The empire consisted of all of India except the extreme South.
D) There existed an efficient administrative system.
E) The state controlled the economic life.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 82
37
36) The ancient Anthashastra
A) provided advice to the Brahman on the best ways to convert non -believers.
B) has no comparable works in the Western world.
C) is no longer in print.
D) encourages compromise with opponents.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 82
37) Which of the following does NOT describe Chandraguptaʹs reign?
A) conquest of Mesopotamia
B) state ownership of all land
C) trade with China
D) agriculture as the main source of wealth
E) the ability to feed the population
Answer: A
Page Ref: 83
38) Ashokaʹs reign was noted for
A) its conquest of surrounding regions.
B) the decline and fall of the Mauryan Empire.
C) its peace and toleration.
D) its wars of religious persecution.
E) its development of Hinduism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 83
39) The fall of Indiaʹs Mauryan Empire has been attributed to all of the following causes EXCEPT
A) problems of control and communication due to its vast area.
B) Indiaʹs military weakness due to Ashokaʹs advocacy of nonviolence.
C) Brahman hostility to Ashokaʹs advocacy of Buddhism.
D) widespread immorality and corruption under the Mauryans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 84
40) Following the collapse of the Mauryan Empire, India
A) separated in various districts ruled by warlords.
B) became a Muslim-led theocracy.
C) fell into a period of anarchy.
D) was annexed by China.
E) was invaded by the descendants of Alexander the Greatʹs soldiers from Bactria.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 84
38
41) When Bactria was overrun by nomadic tribesmen
A) Roman conquest followed.
B) the Greek government there disappeared.
C) religious wars ensued.
D) self-rule by the Indian middle class resulted..
E) conquest of India by China was made possible.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 85
42) What is the major factor that distinguished southern India from northern India?
A) contact with the West
B) warfare methods
C) an abundance of resources
D) industry and population
E) literature and art
Answer: A
Page Ref: 86
43) Which of the following is NOT consistent with South India?
A) It was divided under the power of various warring states.
B) It developed a classic literature including poetry.
C) It remained primitive and without a distinct civilization.
D) It retained a closer orientation toward the sea than Northern India.
E) It conducted trade with the Roman Empire.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 86
44) Hinduism tends to be otherworldly for all of the following beliefs EXCEPT
A) it has no centralized authority.
B) this physical world is not real and is the cause of all suffering.
C) each individual soul is a part of the World Soul, which is the nonphysical, fundamental
reality of the universe.
D) the gods of Hinduism represent only nonphysical forces beyond the touch or concern of
human things.
E) salvation can come only with the release of the soul from the restraints of the physical
world.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 87
45) Which of the following is NOT regarded as paramount in Hinduism?
A) Kali
B) Shiva
C) ancestor worship
D) Devi
E) Vishnu
Answer: C
Page Ref: 87
39
46) The Mahabharata and the Ramayana are examples of
A) Buddhist shrines.
B) Hindu gods.
C) common Buddhist mantras.
D) powerful female gods.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 87
47) Sita remains an emblem of
A) the cosmic demon.
B) the ideal Hindu woman.
C) a royal throne.
D) an epic poem.
E) the ideal ruler.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 89
48) According to some ancient Hindu texts, the world today is in a(n)
A) Golden Age.
B) Age of Dissolution.
C) Age of Trey.
D) Age of Deuce.
E) Twilight Period.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 90
49) Buddhismʹs rejuvenationknown as Mahayanastressed
A) rigid social practices.
B) literacy for the masses.
C) that Buddhists relieve othersʹ suffering with their message.
D) converting all by force if necessary.
E) the caste system.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 90
50) A small revival of Buddhism occurred in India during the 1950s because
A) the ʺGreat Vehicle Cultʺ imposed it.
B) Buddhism allowed Untouchables to escape the oppression of the Hindu caste system.
C) the government of India stopped persecution of the Buddhists.
D) it was in opposition to the spread of communism in Asia.
E) the government required a conversion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 91
40
51) The trade routes between India and Rome crossed all of the following EXCEPT
A) the Red Sea.
B) Syria.
C) Persia.
D) the Mediterranean Sea.
E) Tibet.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 92
52) India sent to Rome all of the following trade items EXCEPT
A) jewels. B) cotton. C) spices. D) dyes. E) wine.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 92
53) Which of the following statements is NOT accurate concerning EastWest trade?
A) Political upheavals disrupted trade but did not eliminate it.
B) The balance of trade favored the East.
C) Ideas as well as products traveled along the trade route.
D) The desire for diverse goods, commercial profits, and information was never
extinguished.
E) Gold and silver were exported to the West.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 93
41
Chapter 4 Greece
1) The first and longest phase of civilization on the island of Crete, which was associated with the
city of Knossos, is known as the
A) Mycenaean period.
B) Minoan period.
C) Dark Ages.
D) Hellenic Era.
E) Bronze Era.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 98
2) The English archaeologist who in the early 20th century unearthed the remains of a great
palace at Knossos was
A) Cedric Holland.
B) Michael Ventris.
C) Arthur Evans.
D) Heinrich Schliemann.
E) Louis Leakey.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 98
3) A remarkable three-story palace on Crete, which sprawled over six acres and contained
beautiful frescos and an amazing system of running water unsurpassed until Roman times,
was constructed at
A) Knossos.
B) Pylos.
C) Alexandria.
D) Athens.
E) Thebes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 98
4) Minoan culture contrasted with others in the Near East because
A) art always had a religious function.
B) they manufactured olive oil.
C) their priesthood was politically powerful.
D) women enjoyed personal freedom and dignity.
E) their principal deity was male.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 99
42
5) The deciphering of Linear B script, which was accomplished in 1952, shed much light on the
history of
A) Parthia.
B) Macedonia.
C) India.
D) Sparta.
E) Mycenae.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 100
6) Minoan dominance of the Aegean had been reduced by 1450 BCE due to
A) volcanic eruptions.
B) a plague.
C) civil war.
D) invasions from Egypt.
E) the death of the king.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 100
7) The most widely exported item of trade in the Aegean world and the most important source of
income for the Mycenaean civilization was
A) olive oil. B) gold. C) timber. D) fish. E) silk.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 101
8) The ancient city of Troy occupied a strategic position on what was known in the time of
Homer as
A) the Bosporus.
B) the Hellespont.
C) the Peloponnesus.
D) Rhodes.
E) Gibralter.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 101
9) The amateur archaeologist who, inspired by reading the poems of Homer, proved the
existence of Troy and discovered important ruins at Mycenae was
A) Arthur Evans.
B) Heinrich Schliemann.
C) Leonard Wooley.
D) Michael Ventris.
E) Georg Muller.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 101
43
10) Homerʹs account of the Trojan War is told in an epic poem entitled
A) the Odyssey.
B) the Iliad.
C) Works and Days.
D) Organum.
E) the Republic.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 101
11) The fall of Myceanaean civilization around 1200 B.C.E. resulted in all the following EXCEPT

A) a rise in the Hellenic civilization.
B) depopulation.
C) the disappearance of wide-ranging commerce.
D) a resurgence of the Minoan civilization.
E) the destruction of Crete.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 102
12) Which of the following was the most influential in shaping Greek history?
A) geography
B) foreign invaders
C) religion
D) language
E) climate
Answer: A
Page Ref: 102
13) Which of the following was NOT a highly prized virtue to the Greeks in the Homeric Age?
A) humility B) honor C) courage D) strength E) skill
Answer: A
Page Ref: 102
14) The Greek polis was
A) the fortified citadel around which the city developed.
B) an alliance of city-states.
C) a shrine.
D) a king.
E) a city-state.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 104
15) During the Homeric Age
A) slaves performed all agricultural work.
B) noble women were included in forced labor gangs.
C) the king was absolute.
D) society was egalitarian.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 103-104
44
16) Greek tyrants who came to power with approval from the majority of the population
contributed to an economic revolution by pursuing policies that included
A) promotion of colonization.
B) distribution of land to peasants.
C) encouragement of trade and industry.
D) increased prosperity.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 105
17) Oligarchy in ancient Greece meant
A) government by a limited number of patricians
B) government by the military.
C) ownership of land by commoners.
D) constitutional government.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 105
18) An archon of 6th-century Greece who averted a popular revolution through reforms, which
included canceling the debts of small farmers, and whose name has come to symbolize wise,
moderate leadership was
A) Pericles.
B) Hector.
C) Pisistratus.
D) Solon.
E) Hesiod.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 105
19) Beginning after 750 B.C.E., the Ionian Greeks established the Hellenic civilization, which had
displayed all of the following EXCEPT
A) science.
B) art.
C) commercial ventures.
D) philosophy.
E) militarism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 105
20) The practice probably introduced by Cleisthenes to preserve democracy in Athens, which
allowed the citizens of the city-state to banish opponents of democracy for ten years, was
known as
A) archons.
B) polis.
C) ostracism.
D) hubris.
E) stoicism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 106
45
21) Approximately what percentage of the population of 5th -century B.C.E. Athens were slaves?
A) 75 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 90 percent
E) 10 percent
Answer: C
Page Ref: 107
22) The state slaves in Sparta were known as
A) acropolis.
B) ephors.
C) polis.
D) agora.
E) helots.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 108
23) The legendary lawgiver who devised the Spartan system for military training of young men
was
A) Cleisthenes.
B) Laconia.
C) Lysistrata.
D) Pisistratus.
E) Lycurgus.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 108
24) Which of the following was NOT a component of Spartan culture?
A) extensive commerce
B) social conformity
C) state training for girls as well as boys
D) military regimentation
E) ownership of land by women
Answer: A
Page Ref: 108
25) The leader of the Persian army who attempted to invade Greece in 490 B.C.E. but was defeated

at Marathon was
A) Xerxes.
B) Agamemnon.
C) Themistocles.
D) Darius.
E) Ptolemy.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 108
46
26) The Battle of Marathon is considered one of the most decisive battles in history because
A) it introduced new methods of warfare.
B) it allowed Persian dominance of the Greek mainland.
C) it destroyed the belief in Persian invincibility.
D) Persiaʹs empire was lost.
E) it destroyed the Athenian civilization.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 109
27) In a second invasion of the Greek mainland, the Persians broke through the Greek defensive
line when they discovered a crucial mountain pass at
A) Salamis.
B) Lydia.
C) Troy.
D) Thermopylae.
E) Sparta.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 109
28) Athens won the Battle of Salamis
A) after losing most of its fleet.
B) after joining with the Spartan navy.
C) in the Mediterranean Sea.
D) due to its more maneuverable ships.
E) and captured Xerxes.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 109
29) Athens created an empire to
A) encourage aristocratic factions.
B) protect free trade.
C) stop slave rebellions.
D) maintain a strong defense.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 110
30) Who triumphed in the Peloponnesian War?
A) Syracuse B) Sardinia C) Sparta D) Delphi E) Athens
Answer: C
Page Ref: 112
47
31) Greek civilization was so weakened by the Peloponnesian War that it was rather easily
conquered by Philip II of
A) Thrace.
B) Macedonia.
C) Sicily.
D) Ionia.
E) Persia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 112
32) The Greeks differed from the monarchies of Asia and Africa because
A) the Greeks elected their kings.
B) they were restricted by powerful priesthoods.
C) the Greeks were not religious.
D) every Greek citizen could vote.
E) the Greeks believed answers to important questions lay in human resourcefulness and
speculation.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 113
33) The Greek term that implies excessive pride, arrogance and unbridled ambition is
A) polis.
B) sophrosyne.
C) nemesis.
D) hubris.
E) aristoi.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 113
34) The oracle of Delphi
A) gave voice to the Greek god, Zeus.
B) urged all Greeks to follow the ideal of moderation.
C) promised an afterlife of bliss in Elysium.
D) illustrated the role of fate in early Greek religion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 114
35) The ʺfather of philosophyʺ who believed that physical nature and its phenomena can be
explained rationally and by looking at natural causes was
A) Archimedes.
B) Pythagoras.
C) Socrates.
D) Thales.
E) Pericles.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 114
48
36) Pythagoras of Samos
A) taught that the universe was constructed of numbers and their relationships.
B) believed humans possessed no souls.
C) concluded that the basic substance of nature was water.
D) believed that matter was the basic element of nature.
E) thought the universe must be explained by supernatural causes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 114
37) The Greek philosopher who speculated that matter might be composed of invisible atoms in
constant motion was
A) Anaximander.
B) Aristotle.
C) Pythagoras.
D) Democritus.
E) Miletus.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 114
38) The philosopher Socrates was condemned to death by a jury of Athenian citizens because they
believed he
A) urged young people to accept without questioning the ideas and values of their parents.
B) denounced all philosophy because it could never solve human problems.
C) supported democracy.
D) corrupted the youth.
E) betrayed Athens in the struggle against Sparta.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 115
39) In his important political treatise, entitled the Republic, Plato advocated
A) strict regulation of marriage.
B) abolition of private property.
C) rule by the philosophers.
D) no different treatment of men and women.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 115
40) The Ethics and the Politics that dealt with the ʺphilosophy of human affairsʺ are the most
significant works of
A) Aristotle.
B) Socrates.
C) Protagoras.
D) Herodotus.
E) Plato.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 115
49
41) The Greek physician, known as the ʺfather of medicine,ʺ who believed that diseases had
natural causes and that it was possible to discover cures and ways to prevent diseases, was
A) Herodotus.
B) Galen.
C) Archimedes.
D) Aristarchus.
E) Hippocrates.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 116
42) Thucydides was
A) a writer of highly amusing comedies, including The Wasps.
B) a politician and lawgiver who devised the constitution of Sparta.
C) the first truly scientific historian who described the causes of the Peloponnesian War.
D) a scientist who calculated the approximate circumference of the earth.
E) a famous physician who advocated the theory of four humors that maintained balance in
the human body.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 116
43) Greek drama developed all of the following themes EXCEPT
A) divine justice.
B) ethics.
C) unsophisticated beliefs lead to suffering.
D) tragedy as an expression of despair.
E) misery leads to wisdom.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 116
44) The Greek Herodotus
A) believed Britain to be attached to the landmass of Europe.
B) never traveled beyond Greece.
C) never considered the impact of geography on history.
D) believed the Persian Wars changed the course of human history.
E) believed the world to be round.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 117
45) Which statement is NOT true about Greek architecture?
A) Some buildings set a style that survives to the present day.
B) The buildings were constructed for convenience and with little consideration for
appearance.
C) Architectural relationships were so precise that the buildings were completely
symmetrical and balanced.
D) Most buildings used one of three types of columns and decorations: Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian.
E) The earliest Greek buildings were constructed of wood.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 118
50
46) The oldest of the Greek arts, ________. started during the Greek Dark Ages.
A) sculpture
B) music
C) painting
D) pottery
E) poetry
Answer: D
Page Ref: 119
47) All of the following are features of the Hellenistic Age EXCEPT
A) the exploration of China.
B) economic expansion.
C) intellectual achievements.
D) a wide distribution of Greek culture.
E) artistic achievements.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 119
48) The Hellenistic period in Greek history began with the
A) creation of an empire by Alexander the Great.
B) conquest of Greece by Roman legions.
C) rise of Mycenae.
D) defeat of Sparta.
E) triumph of Sparta over Athens.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 119
49) The Greeks used a long, narrow, horizontal panel decorated with relief sculpture to decorate
the walls of rooms or temples. These were known as
A) carved wooden panels.
B) cosmopolitans.
C) pediments.
D) friezes.
E) gilded tapestries.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 119
50) The armies of Alexander the Great conquered civilizations as far east as
A) Asia Minor.
B) India.
C) Persia.
D) China.
E) Japan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 121
51
51) Which of the following is NOT true of Alexander the Great?
A) He died without designating an heir.
B) Like his father, Philip, he possessed remarkable skills as a military commander,
diplomat, and administrator.
C) He insisted that each conquered civilization should remain separate and that there
should be no blending of cultures.
D) He had no plan or vision of a divine mission.
E) He was a self-confident idealist.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 121
52) When Alexanderʹs empire was divided among his generals following his death, Egypt was
given to
A) Antigonus the One-Eyed.
B) Diogenes.
C) Ptolemy.
D) Aetolian.
E) Seleucus.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 122
53) The most populous and most important commercial city in the Hellenistic world was
A) Syracuse.
B) Antioch.
C) Pergamon.
D) Alexandria.
E) Athens.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 122
54) Which of the following is a TRUE statement about social relations in Alexandria in northern
Egypt during the Hellenistic period?
A) Slavery was a very important feature.
B) The city bustled with many different peoples, including Jews who had a considerable
amount of self-government.
C) The population of the city consisted entirely of Egyptians.
D) Although there were many different peoples living in the city, Jews were forbidden to
live there.
E) Worker-organized strikes were forbidden.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 122
52
55) The Hellenistic philosophers who denied that it was possible to ever know the truth with
certainty and therefore thought that people ought not to be so dogmatic about their beliefs
were
A) Cynics.
B) Skeptics.
C) Epicureans.
D) the followers of Zeno.
E) Stoics.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 123
56) The Hellenistic philosophical school that taught that individuals should accept their fate in life,
because free will does not exist, is called
A) Skepticism.
B) Epicureanism.
C) Aristotelianism.
D) Stoicism.
E) Cynicism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 123
57) The theory that postulated the sun at the center of the planetary system and the earth moving
around it was first put forward by the Hellenistic scientist
A) Ptolemy.
B) Archimedes.
C) Aristarchus.
D) Euclid.
E) Eratosthenes.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 123
58) Which of the following is TRUE about the Hellenistic Age?
A) Hellenistic literature was more narrow and scholarly than literature from the classical
period.
B) Hellenistic sculpture became more realistic.
C) Many new cities were established.
D) Scholarship flourished.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 124
59) What was the most important contribution of the Hellenistic Age?
A) the diffusion of Greek culture throughout the East
B) the military conquests of Alexander the Great
C) Greek law codes
D) the development of new techniques of architecture and sculpture
E) discoveries in medicine and mathematics
Answer: A
Page Ref: 125
53
60) Which of the following resulted from the weakening of the Seleucid Empire?
A) A new Hellenistic state took its place.
B) Independent kingdoms developed.
C) Greek influence in the region ceased.
D) Increased peace and prosperity resulted.
E) A strong empire in southern Russia replaced the Seleucid Empire.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 126
54
Chapter 5 Roman Civilization
1) Geography helped to shape the events of Roman history in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) Italy occupies a commanding position in the Aegean Sea.
B) the mountains did not form a barrier to political development as in Greece.
C) Italy possesses useful harbors.
D) the Italian peninsula faces west.
E) Rome occupies a strategic position.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 130
2) Italy is dominated lengthwise by a ridge of mountains called the
A) Alps.
B) Taurus.
C) Pyrenees.
D) Urals.
E) Apennines.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 130
3) The first city-state civilization arose in Italy due to the
A) Carthaginians.
B) Gauls.
C) Latins.
D) Greeks.
E) Etruscans.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 130
4) Rome was built on the banks of the
A) Po. B) Tiber. C) Rhone. D) Arno. E) Rubicon.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 130
5) Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Etruscans?
A) a superior military organization
B) an effective political system
C) monotheism
D) engineering skill
E) prominent role of women
Answer: C
Page Ref: 131
55
6) The Etruscan kings used an eagle-headed scepter and an ax bound in a bundle of rods called
a(n)
A) Franco.
B) Mussolini.
C) fasces.
D) imperium.
E) casa.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 132
7) Commoners in Rome, including small farmers, artisans, and dependents of the landowners,
were known as
A) patricians.
B) praetors.
C) plebeians.
D) helots.
E) sacrosanctitas.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 132
8) The Roman historian who recorded the fall of the last Etruscan king was
A) Livy.
B) Tiberius.
C) Homer.
D) Tarquin.
E) Superbus.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 133
9) The Roman Republic, established in 509 B.C.E., was controlled by the
A) dictator.
B) quaestor.
C) plebeians.
D) patricians.
E) none of the above,
Answer: D
Page Ref: 133
10) Early Roman law was inscribed on twelve tablets of bronze and displayed publicly in the
A) Senate.
B) Concilium Plebis.
C) Pantheon.
D) Forum.
E) Tribal Assembly.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 133
56
11) The right to stop unfair or oppressive acts through the veto belonged to the
A) tribunes.
B) consuls.
C) king.
D) senators.
E) plebeians.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 133
12) The official in charge of the Roman law courts was the
A) censor.
B) maniple.
C) quaestor.
D) praetor.
E) juris doctor.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 134
13) The struggle for equal status between the patricians and plebeians within the Roman Republic
ended with the creation of
A) the Tribal Assembly.
B) the commonwealth.
C) a constitution.
D) the Code of the Twelve Tables.
E) the Senate.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 134
14) What event almost ended the history of Rome in 390 B.C.E.?

A) a volcanic eruption
B) a seige by the Gauls, who left only after being paid a tribute
C) a Greek invasion from Sicily
D) the invasion and destruction by the Huns
E) defeat by the Etruscans
Answer: B
Page Ref: 134
15) Maneuverable Roman army units consisting of 120 men armed with javelins were called
A) divisions.
B) centurions.
C) phalanxes.
D) legions.
E) maniples.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 134
57
16) A king of Epirus who defeated the Romans at such a high cost that he gained nothing was
A) Scipio.
B) Seneca.
C) Sulla.
D) Fabricius.
E) Pyrrhus.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 135
17) What is meant by a ʺPyrrhic victoryʺ?
A) the total defeat of oneʹs enemy
B) the seige of a great city
C) a truce between warring parties.
D) a victory at so heavy a cost that it actually spells defeat
E) a victory that is unexpected
Answer: D
Page Ref: 135
18) What practice helped the Romans to establish their power over the entire Italian peninsula?
A) total warfare
B) destruction of all who resisted
C) negotiated settlements rather than war
D) fair treatment of opponents
E) reluctance to wage war
Answer: D
Page Ref: 135
19) The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and
A) Macedonia.
B) Carthage.
C) Asia Minor.
D) Greece.
E) Egypt.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 135
20) Cannae was
A) Egyptʹs major port on the Mediterranean.
B) the land occupied by the Hebrews.
C) Hannibalʹs great victory over the Romans.
D) Caesarʹs decisive victory over the Germans.
E) Romeʹs principal outpost in Spain.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 136
58
21) The Carthaginian general who almost defeated Rome was
A) Scipio.
B) Saguntum.
C) Zama.
D) Hannibal.
E) Philip.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 136
22) Romans defeated all of the following to establish themselves as a ʺworld powerʺ EXCEPT
A) Macedonia.
B) the Seleucids.
C) the Greeks.
D) the Germans.
E) Carthage.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 136
23) By 133 B.C.E., Rome had

A) claimed Jerusalem.
B) been able to annex Gaul.
C) conquered the territory to the east of the Danube River.
D) been unsuccessful in defeating Carthage.
E) provinces in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 136
24) Marriage in the early Roman Republic was viewed as a A.political alliance to be arranged by
the ruler.
A) unimportant.
B) lifelong union based on mutual affection.
C) means to cement alliances between prominent patrician and plebeian families.
D) pagan custom.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 136
25) Roman religion
A) had no connection with ethics.
B) enhanced devotion to the state and its gods.
C) involved use of magic spells.
D) strengthened the family.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 137
59
26) The Roman proletariat was so named because its members only contribution to society was
A) farmers.
B) taxes.
C) property.
D) children.
E) soldiers.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 137
27) Which of the following contributed to the weakening of the Roman Republic?
A) government corruption
B) dependence on slave labor
C) war
D) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 137
28) By the middle of the second century B.C.E., the Roman government was in the hands of
A) a wealthy, self-seeking Senate.
B) the duly elected Concilium Plebis.
C) a dictator.
D) popular urban demagogues.
E) the Roman army.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 137
29) The deaths of the Gracchi brothers
A) allowed the Huns to invade while the Roman army was distracted.
B) caused the passage of reform legislation.
C) marked the end of the Roman Empire.
D) had little impact on Rome.
E) illustrated that the Roman Senate had no intention to reform abuses.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 139
30) By the end of the second century B.C.E., the Roman army consisted chiefly of

A) landless citizens loyal to their commanders rather than Rome.
B) slaves forced to serve in place of their masters.
C) conscripts loyal to the Roman Republic.
D) Germanic volunteers.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 139
60
31) Who was appointed by the Senate in 82 B.C.E. to serve an unlimited term as ʺdictator for the
revision of the constitutionʺ?
A) Sulla
B) Gaius Marius
C) Julius Caesar
D) Flavius
E) Tiberius Gracchus
Answer: A
Page Ref: 139
32) Julius Caesar made his military reputation by conquering
A) Egypt.
B) Britain.
C) Gaul.
D) Spain.
E) Carthage.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 141
33) The Commentaries on the Gallic War were important because

A) the Roman Senate required all patricians to read them.
B) Romans feared the growth of the military power of Gaul.
C) they detailed the military history of early Rome.
D) the Roman Senate wanted to show its achievements to the Roman citizens.
E) they allowed Caesar to remain within the citizensʹ awareness despite his physical
absence.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 141
34) What river is associated with Julius Caesarʹs defiance of the Roman Senate?
A) Tiber B) Danube C) Po D) Rubicon E) Rhine
Answer: D
Page Ref: 141
35) Julius Caesar was assassinated because his opponents believed he
A) supported the aristocrats against the common people.
B) lost too many men in his fruitless campaigns.
C) amassed a huge fortune but did not pay his soldiers.
D) seemed to want to make himself a god.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 141
61
36) After the death of Julius Caesar
A) Pompey became dictator.
B) Mark Antony and Octavian ruled jointly.
C) a war with Egypt fatally wounded the Roman Empire.
D) peace returned.
E) Rome was unified.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 141
37) Octavianʹs decisive naval victory over Antony and Cleopatra took place near
A) Actium.
B) Crete.
C) Alexandria.
D) Cairo.
E) Syracuse.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 142
38) Augustus disguised his role as monarch by calling himself ʺfirst citizenʺ or
A) princeps.
B) dyarch.
C) fasces.
D) imperator.
E) latifundia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 142
39) Throughout his reign, Augustus
A) failed to check moral decline.
B) discredited traditional religious beliefs.
C) assumed the title of emperor.
D) controlled the army.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 142
40) Roman occupation of England began during the reign of the emperor
A) Claudius.
B) Tiberius.
C) Vespasian.
D) Augustus.
E) Nero.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 143
62
41) The emperor who began the persecution of Christians was
A) Caligula.
B) Claudius.
C) Titus.
D) Hadrian.
E) Nero.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 143
42) Pax Romana refers to
A) the end of a century of violence.
B) the end of the Roman Republic.
C) 200 years of Roman imperialism and peace.
D) the fairness of Roman law which enhanced the unity of the diverse empire.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 144
43) An emperor whose contributions to Stoicism have made him known as the ʺphilosopher kingʺ
was
A) Vespasian.
B) Julius Caesar.
C) Claudius.
D) Marcus Aurelius.
E) Domitian.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 144
44) Which of the following was NOT an economic consequence of the Pax Romana?

A) a great expansion of commerce
B) establishment of a reliable coinage
C) the widespread distribution of wealth
D) peace
E) suppression of piracy and brigandage
Answer: C
Page Ref: 144
45) Which of the following is NOT true of the economic stagnation in Italy during the first
century?
A) economic aid to support needy children
B) Italian agricultural overproduction
C) subsidies to Italian farmers
D) drain of money to the East for luxuries
E) agricultural goods from Italy purchased by Roman provinces
Answer: E
Page Ref: 145
63
46) Pompeii was
A) a term used to denote freed slaves.
B) a famous general.
C) a city buried by a volcanic eruption.
D) the wealthiest Asian province in the Roman Empire.
E) a huge gladiatorial arena.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 146
47) Which of the following is NOT true of Roman life?
A) The Roman calendar had few official holidays.
B) The Circus Maximus provided the largest site for chariot races.
C) Public baths were a popular venue for social activity.
D) The Colosseum was the site of gladiatorial contests.
E) Both rich and poor enjoyed numerous recreation activities.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 147
48) Jewish groups outside Palestine and away from the Temple met in the ________ for local
worship and instruction in the scriptures.
A) synagogue
B) Septuagint
C) pharisee
D) Torah
E) Petateuch
Answer: A
Page Ref: 148
49) The first five books of the Old Testament are known as the
A) Dead Sea Scrolls.
B) Doctrines.
C) Septuagint.
D) Pentateuch.
E) Torah.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 148
50) The Roman official under whose authority Christ was crucified was
A) Augustus Caesar.
B) Pontius Pilate.
C) Herod the Great.
D) Narc Anthony.
E) Mark Antony.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 148
64
51) With which of the following Jewish groups at the time of Christ were the ʺrabbisʺ and the ʺoral
lawʺ associated?
A) Pharisees
B) Sadducees
C) Gospels
D) Zealots
E) Essenes
Answer: A
Page Ref: 149
52) According to the Gospels, Jesus was born at
A) Tarsus.
B) Nazareth.
C) Bethlehem.
D) Jerusalem.
E) an unknown location.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 149
53) Among the earliest followers of Jesus, the most widely traveled and successful missionary was
A) St. Paul.
B) St. Peter.
C) St. Thomas.
D) St. Luke.
E) St. Matthew.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 149
54) Which of the following people were the first to convert to Christianity in significant numbers?
A) Romans
B) Hellenized Jews
C) Jews of Judea
D) Greeks
E) Roman slaves
Answer: B
Page Ref: 149
55) Which of the following ideas was NOT accepted by St. Paul?
A) Jesus was the Messiah prophesied in Jewish tradition.
B) Christians may look forward to an afterlife.
C) Only Jews could be Christians.
D) Gentiles could be saved by Christʹs death and resurrection.
E) Obedience to Jewish law was unnecessary for salvation.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 149
65
56) Christianity spread quickly because
A) its followers used force on non-believers.
B) the Roman Empire became the leader of Christianity.
C) it upheld the spiritual equality of all people.
D) non-believers were taxed.
E) there was little opposition.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 149
57) Roman persecution of the early Christian church resulted mainly from the refusal of Christians
to
A) work.
B) accept Roman law.
C) worship Roman gods.
D) worship the Roman emperor.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 150
58) The most intensive persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire occurred during the reign
of the Emperor
A) Julian the Apostate.
B) Tacitus.
C) Constantine the Great.
D) Diocletian.
E) Nero.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 150
59) Which of the following officials of the Christian churchʹs organization held the highest
authority?
A) bishop
B) patriarch
C) presbyter
D) procurator
E) priest
Answer: B
Page Ref: 150
60) Which of the following is NOT a reason for Romeʹs position of preeminence in the Christian
church hierarchy?
A) Although the Roman Empire ended, the city of Rome remained undestroyed.
B) Peter had been made leader of the apostles by Jesus and was the first bishop of Rome.
C) After the fall of the Roman Empire, the bishop of Rome emerged as a dominant figure.
D) Rome was the largest city in the West.
E) Christian doctrine was more easily accepted in Rome than in the other major cities.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 151
66
61) The Petrine doctrine was used to provide support for the
A) dominance of the Roman emperors over the church.
B) concept of Christʹs divine nature.
C) authenticity of the Vulgate.
D) the dominance of the eastern Christian church.
E) authority of the Bishop of Rome over the church.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 151
62) Pope Leo the Great is associated with
A) Arianism.
B) the Council of Nicaea.
C) the Petrine doctrine.
D) the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
E) the sacking of Rome by the Huns.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 151
63) An opinion or doctrine contrary to the official teaching of the church is
A) liturgy.
B) heresy.
C) dogma.
D) regula.
E) asceticism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 151
64) St. Augustineʹs major contribution to Christianity was
A) the definition of the concept of the Trinity.
B) a translation of the Bible into Latin.
C) the assertion of church authority over the state in spiritual matters.
D) to establish the foundation of Christian theology.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 151
65) The monastery originally founded in the 6th century at Monte Cassino in southern Italy was
established by
A) St. Simeon Stylites.
B) St. Basil.
C) St. Benedict.
D) St. Ambrose.
E) St. Francis.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 152
67
66) Which of the following Roman emperors declared Christianity to be the official state religion?
A) Flavius
B) Titus
C) Theodosius
D) Galerius
E) Julian
Answer: C
Page Ref: 152
67) In the third century C.E., which of the following was NOT consistent with Rome?
A) internal anarchy
B) corruption
C) increase in the number of small farmers
D) foreign invasion
E) despotism
Answer: C
Page Ref: 152
68) Which of the following is NOT one of the Germanic tribes?
A) Saxons
B) Huns
C) Lombards
D) Goths
E) Angles
Answer: B
Page Ref: 154
69) Unlike the Romans, Germans
A) lacked written laws
B) had no native currency.
C) used vengeance rather than compensation for crimes.
D) used cattle for barter.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 154
70) The association of a band of warriors and their chief in Germanic tribal society was called
A) a colonus.
B) a comitatus.
C) feudalism.
D) a bot.
E) jus civile.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 154
68
71) The Battle of Adrianople (378) is significant due to
A) the victory of the Romans.
B) the defeat of the Germans.
C) the defeat of the Romans.
D) the death of Valens, the Roman emperor.
E) the defeat of the Huns.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 154
72) Which of the following is NOT a reason for the retreat of the Huns from Rome?
A) disease
B) Roman military advances
C) Pope Leo I
D) lack of supplies
Answer: B
Page Ref: 155
73) After the death of Theodosius I in 395, which of the following happened?
A) the total collapse of the Roman Empire
B) the fall of Constantinople to the Greeks
C) a division of the empire between his two sons
D) the rule of Rome by a Germanic king
E) all of the above
Answer: C
Page Ref: 155
74) The last capital of the Western Roman emperors and also Theodoricʹs capital in the sixth
century was
A) Venice.
B) Naples.
C) Milan.
D) Ravenna.
E) Rome.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 156
75) The general who overthrew the last Roman Emperor in the West and established a
government in Italy with himself as king was
A) Constantine.
B) Odovacar.
C) Orestes.
D) Attila.
E) Romulus Augustulus.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 156
69
76) The Romans were most gifted in which one of the following areas?
A) science
B) philosophy
C) art
D) literature
E) government
Answer: E
Page Ref: 156
77) Still intact today, the largest domed structure built by the Romans is the
A) Colosseum.
B) Forum.
C) Pantheon.
D) Appian Way.
E) Circus Maximus.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 157
78) Which one of the following is NOT associated with Roman architecture and engineering?
A) post-and-lintel construction
B) basilicas
C) domes
D) barrel vaults
E) concrete
Answer: A
Page Ref: 156
79) Roman sculpture was characteristically/typically
A) devoted mainly to religious themes.
B) a poor imitation of Etruscan models.
C) one dimensional.
D) imported exclusively from Greece.
E) realistic, secular, and individualistic.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 157
80) The oldest surviving examples of Latin literature are twenty-one comedies written by
A) Homer. B) Virgil. C) Plautus. D) Cicero. E) Horace.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 157
81) The greatest master of Roman prose and one of the outstanding intellectual influences in
Roman history was
A) Livy. B) Catullus. C) Cicero. D) Ovid. E) Virgil.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 158
70
82) In the great national epic by Virgil called the Aeneid, the hero
A) is Augustus Caesar.
B) conquers Gaul.
C) defeats the Greeks.
D) travels from his home in Troy to the Italian peninsula.
E) defeats invading Carthaginian forces.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 158
83) The literary period between the deaths of Augustus and Hadrian
A) emphasized morality.
B) emphasized military themes.
C) is known as the Ovidian Age.
D) ended the Ciceronian Age.
E) failed to contribute any lasting achievements.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 158
84) The author of the series of biographies of famous Greeks and Romans called Parallel Lives was

A) Tacitus. B) Plutarch. C) Juvenal. D) Livy. E) Pliny.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 159
85) The most important Roman interpreter of the ethical philosophy known as Epicureanism was
A) Seneca.
B) Pliny the Elder.
C) Lucretius.
D) Tacitus.
E) Virgil.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 159
86) What major Roman philosophy stressed the importance of a just life, constancy to duty,
courage in adversity, and service to humanity?
A) Stoicism
B) Emperor worship
C) Skeptism
D) Latinism
E) Epicureanism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 159
87) The scientific encyclopedia called the Natural History was compiled by

A) Seneca.
B) Pliny the Elder.
C) Pliny the Younger.
D) Marcus Aurelius.
E) Virgil.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 159
71
88) The famous geographer, astronomer, and mathematician Claudius Ptolemy resided in
A) Athens.
B) Spain.
C) Alexandria.
D) Paris.
E) Rome.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 159
89) Science in the Roman Empire was mainly based on what tradition?
A) Cretan B) Persian C) Hellenic D) Oriental E) Egyptian
Answer: C
Page Ref: 159
90) The Roman medical encyclopedia that remained the standard authority until the 16th century
was compiled by
A) Pergamum.
B) Livy.
C) Ptolemy.
D) Pliny.
E) Galen.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 159
72
Chapter 6 The Eastern Mediterranean World,
300-750 C.E.
1) The most productive lands of the Near East included
A) Palestine.
B) Turkey.
C) Egypt.
D) eastern Iranian provinces.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 164
2) The extensive underground water networks built to irrigate fields and provide water to urban
areas in Iran were known as
A) Fars.
B) caliphs.
C) milieus.
D) Persepolis.
E) qanats.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 164
3) Faiths limited to a region or people and nonmonotheistic beliefs of Late Antiquity are
considered
A) universalist.
B) pagan.
C) Manichaeistic.
D) Zoroastrian.
E) exilarch.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 165
4) Rabbis were teachers, interpreters of the law, and exemplars of religious life within ________.
A) Islam
B) Christianity
C) Zoroastrianism
D) Manichaeism
E) Judaism
Answer: E
Page Ref: 166
73
5) In the fourth century C.E., Byzantium became a ________ city.
A) Muslim
B) Jewish
C) Christian
D) Buddhist
E) Hindu
Answer: C
Page Ref: 166
6) The holy book of Islam is the
A) New Testament.
B) Qurʹan.
C) Old Testament.
D) Talmud.
E) Hijaz.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 166
7) All of the following ruled ancient Iran EXCEPT the
A) Byzantines.
B) Achaemenids.
C) Parthians.
D) Sasanids.
E) Seleucids.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 166
8) The Seleucid dynasty was founded by
A) the Romans.
B) invaders from the northern frontier.
C) one of Alexander the Greatʹs generals.
D) the Egyptians.
E) Shapur I.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 167
9) Iranian dynasties built many urban centers for the purpose of
A) religious worship of local gods.
B) defining their borders.
C) housing religious communities.
D) showcasing imperial wealth and patronage.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 167
74
10) Rome and the Sasanid dynasty of Iran had numerous confrontations over
A) trade.
B) Armenia and Mesopotamia.
C) the role of the Balkans.
D) religion.
E) a desire by both for world supremacy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 168
11) The city named by Constantine the Great as the ʺNew Romeʺ became known in history as
A) Milan.
B) Nicomedia.
C) Constantinople.
D) Ravenna.
E) Vienna.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 171
12) What was the importance of the Edict of Milan?
A) split the Roman Empire into two sections
B) established the system that gave rulers of Byzantium secular and spiritual power
C) affirmed Christ as divine
D) gave Christians freedom to worship within the Roman Empire
Answer: D
Page Ref: 171
13) The site of Constantinople was of special importance because it was established
A) near the centers of Roman culture.
B) close enough to Rome to provide it with defensive assistance against the Germanic tribes.
C) to command the western Mediterranean.
D) to control the exit from and entry into the Mediterranean.
E) to command the waterway separating Europe and Asia.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 171
14) The theological doctrine that affirmed that Christ was not of the same substance as God, and,
therefore, was less than his father is known as
A) In hoc signo vinces.
B) Shintu.
C) Arian heresy.
D) augusti.
E) caesaropapism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 171
75
15) The Christian doctrine asserting that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit exist as a perfect
unity in one godhead is (the)
A) neo-Platonism.
B) heresy.
C) incarnation.
D) trinity.
E) monophysite.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 171
16) While the western Roman Empire weakened, what was the condition of Constantinople?
A) Constantinople eliminated Christianity.
B) Constantinople became stronger and wealthier.
C) Constantinople failed to assert military leadership.
D) Constantinople suffered a low standard of living.
E) Constantinople collapsed at the hands of the Germans.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 174
17) Justinian and Theodoraʹs major aim was to
A) defend Christendom from the Muslim hordes.
B) establish an immense Asiatic empire.
C) restore Romeʹs trading ties to Asia.
D) restore the Roman Empire to its previous size and splendor.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 174
18) Which of the following was NOT a contribution of Emperor Justinian?
A) publication of the Code of Justinian
B) building of the monumental Hagia Sophia
C) rebuilding of the city after massive earthquakes
D) reunification of the East and West Roman worlds
E) reclamation of the southern part of Spain
Answer: D
Page Ref: 174-175
19) The Nika rebellion
A) failed to overthrow Emperor Justinian.
B) defeated the Visigoths.
C) caused Justinian to flee Constantinople.
D) established the Justinian Codes.
E) succeeded in overthrowing Emperor Justinian.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 174
76
20) Which of the following did NOT threaten the Byzantines?
A) Bulgars
B) Lombards
C) Persians
D) Gauls
E) Slavs
Answer: D
Page Ref: 175
21) A key to the decline of the Byzantine Empire after the 11th century was
A) disease.
B) assaults by Arab armies under the banner of Islam.
C) the fall of the Roman Empire in the West.
D) the absence of invaders, thereby eliminating the danger that encouraged hard work and
devotion to duty.
E) the abandonment of the free peasantry and the theme system.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 176
22) In the three centuries from 565 to 867, the Byzantine Empire was under constant attack by all
of the following EXCEPT
A) the Persians.
B) the Mongols.
C) Iraq.
D) the Avars and Bulgars.
E) the Arabs.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 176
23) Constantinople
A) possessed sewage and water systems.
B) could feed 1 million people.
C) had set wages profits, work hours, and prices.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 178
24) The patriarch of Constantinople
A) served the emperor.
B) chose the emperor.
C) was the counterpart to the pope in Rome.
D) had no political influence.
E) had no religious influence.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 180
77
25) The iconoclastic controversy, responsible for separating Eastern and Western branches of the
Christian church, involved
A) differing perceptions of the nature of Jesus.
B) the destruction of images of sacred personages as idols.
C) friction over the kind of bread to use during religious ceremonies.
D) the method of selecting the head of the church.
E) the role of the pope.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 180
26) The center of pre-Islamic religion in the Arabian Peninsula was
A) Jerusalem
B) Abyssinia.
C) Jiddah.
D) Medina.
E) Mecca.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 183
27) One of the sources of income for the Quraysh tribe was the
A) income from pilgrims visiting the Kaʹba.
B) sale of tobacco products.
C) provision of mercenaries and bodyguards.
D) production of fine steel blades.
E) creation of woolen products.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 183
28) The site of the religious shrine, the Kaʹba, was
A) Damascus.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Medina.
D) Mecca.
E) Yathrib.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 183
29) The Arabic word Allah means
A) the law.
B) hello.
C) the God.
D) eternity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 183
78
30) The city of Mecca was controlled by the ________ tribe.
A) Quraysh
B) al-Gebra
C) al-Mahdi
D) al-Saud
Answer: A
Page Ref: 183
31) The founder of Islam was
A) Abu Bakr.
B) Khuwaylid.
C) Vladimir.
D) Yaroslav the Wise.
E) Muhammad.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 184
32) Muhammad was all of the following EXCEPT
A) a bachelor.
B) an orphan.
C) a soldier.
D) a prophet.
E) a merchant.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 185
33) A follower of Islam is most often known as a(n)
A) Koranian.
B) umma.
C) Muslim.
D) caliph.
E) Muhammadan.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 185
34) The name of the faith taught by Muhammad is
A) Allah.
B) Muhammadanism.
C) Islam.
D) Muslimism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 184-186
79
35) According to Muhammad, he received his inspiration
A) from drug-induced hallucinations.
B) from the example of his saintly wife.
C) directly from God.
D) from engraved stone tablets found in the hills.
E) in dreams.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 185
36) The local leadership in Mecca initially
A) sought assistance from Constantinople.
B) embraced Muhammadʹs teachings.
C) attacked Muhammad.
D) converted immediately to Christianity.
E) asked for Zoroastrian missionaries.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 185
37) Muhammad
A) was unsuccessful in converting anybody.
B) was assassinated by a follower, but gained status as a martyr.
C) was killed by the Meccans, but gained status as a martyr.
D) led violent purges against opposition in Mecca, Medina, and among the Quraysh.
E) destroyed Mecca and returned to remake it.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 185
38) The event that Muslims regard as the start of their era or calendar is the
A) Qurʹan
B) Umayyad.
C) Jihad.
D) Medina.
E) Hijra.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 185
39) Muhammad established ________ as the political center of Islam.
A) Mecca
B) Damascus
C) Cairo
D) Medina
E) Jerusalem
Answer: D
Page Ref: 185
80
40) The important sources of values and ethical paths of behavior for Islam include all of the
following EXCEPT the
A) Qurʹan.
B) Hadith.
C) Bible.
D) Sunna.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 186-188
41) The Qurʹan forms the basic document for Islamic study of
A) theology.
B) science.
C) law.
D) marriage.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 186
42) The language of the Qurʹan, which has created a great deal of linguistic unity in the Islamic
community, is
A) Latin. B) Persian. C) Aramaic. D) Arabic. E) Greek.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 186
43) Although Islam recognizes many prophets, including many from the Bible, to Muslims the last
and greatest prophet was
A) Abraham.
B) Muhammad.
C) Jesus.
D) Moses.
E) Alexander the Great.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 186
44) The basic duties of a Muslim are called the
A) Seven Sacraments.
B) Five Pillars.
C) Decalogue.
D) Hadith.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 186
81
45) Under the laws of Islam, the Islamic community is a theocratic state, which means that
A) only Muslims are allowed to be citizens.
B) all religious and political power is held by the state on behalf of God.
C) free will and individualism play prominent roles.
D) all actions are governed by the ʺPillars of Faith.ʺ
E) the church was combined with the army to form a government.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 186
46) The ________ serve(s) as a pattern for a model way of life to be imitated by the faithful.
A) Miraj
B) Five Pillars.
C) umma
D) sunna
E) hadith
Answer: D
Page Ref: 188
47) Jihad represents
A) the acceptance of other kingdoms within the Muslim world.
B) the hierarchy of Islam.
C) force applied to conversion and conquest within Islam.
D) the peaceful conversion of non-believers.
E) prayer.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 188
48) After Muhammadʹs death, leadership of Islam passed to a political leader or caliph who was
A) Abu Bakr.
B) the king of Arabia.
C) his son and heir.
D) his brother who had served as his leading general.
E) his daughter.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 189
49) Which of the following statements is TRUE of Islam in the century after 632?
A) The Islamic world remained limited to Arabia.
B) The Muslims successfully solved the issue of succession.
C) Expansion involved only voluntary conversion.
D) all of the above.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 189
82
50) All of the following were reasons for the successful expansion of Islam EXCEPT
A) a fierce devotion to the concept of jihad.
B) the strength of its agricultural foundation.
C) political upheavals outside of Islam, which left its enemies exhausted and open to
conquest.
D) its egalitarian features of converting and embracing peoples of many colors and cultures.
E) a strong military.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 190
51) The Shiʹites believe that
A) Allah was not the true god.
B) the caliph should represent the consent of the Islamic community.
C) Islam must be preserved for Arabs.
D) all conduct must be based on the Shariʹa.
E) only a direct descendent of Muhammad could be caliph.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 192-193
52) The Umayyad Dynasty placed its capital in
A) Jerusalem.
B) Damascus.
C) Mecca.
D) Baghdad.
E) Medina.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 191
53) The Shiʹites and Sunnis of Islam split in a disagreement
A) between the followers of the caliphs and Muhammadʹs daughterʹs heirs.
B) between the citizens of Mecca and Medina.
C) among Muslims who disagreed on the interpretation of the Qurʹan.
D) between Muhammad and his generals.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 192-193
54) The jizya is
A) a lesser citizen.
B) a military conscript.
C) a tax on non-Arabs.
D) a religious ritual.
E) the direct heirs of Muhammad.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 194
83
55) The base of the Umayyad dynastyʹs power was the
A) non-Arab peasant class.
B) Arab military aristocracy.
C) trade alliance with Egypt.
D) Berbers.
E) mawali.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 195
56) In the 690s. the Umayyads accomplished which of the following to celebrate the enduring
power of Islam?
A) construction of the Dome of the Rock on the site of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem
B) the conquest of the Balkans
C) construction of a mosque to replace the Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Constantinople
D) the defeat of Constantinople
E) the defeat of the Franks at the Battle of Tours
Answer: A
Page Ref: 196
84
Chapter 7 The Islamic World, 800-1300 C.E.
1) The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by
A) Mongols.
B) a Zani revolt.
C) Seljuq Turks.
D) Crusaders from Europe.
E) Abbasid supporters.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 202
2) Abu al-Abbas assumed the title of al-Saffah or ʺthe Munificentʺ in order to
A) include non-Arabs in his regime.
B) show himself to be divinely inspired.
C) gain dominance over the Mongols.
D) inspire fear.
E) pacify opposition within his family.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 203
3) Which of the following did NOT pose a threat to the Abbasid dynasty?
A) Muslim Spain
B) political division within the dynasty
C) Shiʹites
D) Mongols
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 203
4) A high tide of Islamic civilization was achieved in Baghdad, the capital of the ________
Dynasty.
A) Umayyad
B) Quraysh
C) Hishmam
D) Fatimid
E) Abbasid
Answer: E
Page Ref: 203
5) The Abbasid caliphs
A) suffered economic decline.
B) ended political unrest.
C) waged war on Byzantium.
D) introduced private property ownership.
E) encouraged debate.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 204
85
6) The need to assert an Arab-Islamic identity resulted in
A) the use of Arabic as the official language.
B) the replacement of non-Muslim officials.
C) new coinage.
D) a military register.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 206
7) To quell uprisings within the military, the Abbasid caliphate
A) distributed land to commanders.
B) distributed slave women to the soldiers.
C) resettled foreign troops in distinct neighborhoods.
D) built markets, bath houses, and mosques for the soldiers.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 207
8) The fall of the Abbasid Empire was due to all of the following EXCEPT
A) Mongol invasions.
B) reliance on Turkic and Central Asian regiments.
C) bankruptcy.
D) loss of territory.
E) political disintegration.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 205-207
9) The key to the economic prosperity of the Muslim world after the seventh century collapse of
the Sasanid state was
A) banking.
B) new technologies.
C) diverse agricultural production.
D) trade to and from all over the known world.
E) the manufacture of olive oil.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 208
10) Muslims demonstrate their faith by
A) completing the five obligations, or ʺPillars of Faith.ʺ
B) reading only from the Qurʹan.
C) following the instructions of the Islamic priesthood.
D) avoiding contact with non-Muslims.
E) making a pilgrimage to Medina.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 210
86
11) Within Islam, women
A) enjoyed many freedoms.
B) were barred from the study and teaching of the law.
C) excelled in scholarship.
D) were the authority within the family.
E) had free access to the mosques.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 210
12) The Abbasid caliph al-Maʹmunʹs policy to reduce the power of the ulama
A) resulted in steps toward separation of church and state.
B) made the caliph the final arbitrator of the law.
C) became a fundamental facet of modern Islam.
D) asserted that the Qurʹan was the eternal word of God.
E) failed to introduce reform.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 210-212
13) According to Shiʹites, the imam
A) is only a prayer leader.
B) was responsible for the Kharijitesʹ movement.
C) is a political and religious leader from the Prophetʹs family.
D) is Islamic law.
E) is an interpretation of Islamic text.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 212
14) All of the following are part of the Shiʹite doctrine EXCEPT
A) only a direct male descendent of the Prophetʹs daughter Fatima may lead.
B) the act of martyrdom.
C) the belief that each generation is provided an infallible imam by God.
D) unity among all Shiʹites.
E) the Sharia is the only law.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 211-212
15) Sunni Islam
A) is the largest division within Islam.
B) teaches the legitimacy of the Prophetʹs first successors. C testifies that Islamic law was
created by God for all humans.
C) all of the above.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 212
87
16) Islamic scholars cited the Qurʹan to justify laws that
A) allowed women freedom of movement.
B) made men and women equal before God and the law.
C) prohibited divorce.
D) made women subject to the authority of their husbands and senior males.
E) encouraged women to be literate.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 213
17) The Sufis
A) believed that a path of discipline leads to mystical communion with Allah.
B) suffered the execution of al-Hallaj, a famous teacher, for blasphemy.
C) were accused of claiming to be above the law and divine.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 213
18) Arab mathematicians and astronomers adopted a system of numerals from
A) Persia. B) Greece. C) Egypt. D) India. E) China.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 214-217
19) One of the major sources of medical knowledge for Europe in the first part of the second
millennium was
A) Abu Bakrʹs corpus of experiments.
B) the works of Abu al-Atahiya.
C) Omar Khayyamʹs Rubaiyat. D.Ibn Sinaʹs Canon of Medicine.
D) Ibn Khaldunʹs writings.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 217
20) Medieval Islamic cities
A) were usually small.
B) relied on slave labor.
C) had integrated neighborhoods.
D) forbade the construction of personal palaces.
E) were well planned.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 217
21) Islamic law specified that
A) slavery was forbidden.
B) slavery existed only for agricultural labor.
C) slaves came only from Africa.
D) Muslims were allowed to own non-Muslim slaves.
E) only involved male laborers and female domestic servants.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 217
88
22) All of the following were features of the Fatimid dynasty EXCEPT
A) the founding of Cairo.
B) territorial expansion by military force.
C) the separation of the religion and government.
D) the belief that the rulers were the infallible representatives of God on earth.
E) massive urban construction projects.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 218-219
23) The Fatimid dynasty collapsed due to all of the following EXCEPT
A) lack of support from the majority Sunni population.
B) attacks from the Shiʹite Muslims.
C) corruption.
D) attacks from the Seljuq Turks.
E) famine.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 220-221
24) The Seljuq Turks originated
A) in Turkey.
B) from southern India.
C) from Siberia.
D) in the mountains of Persia.
E) in the steppe region between Iran and China.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 220
25) The Seljuq Turks called their leader a
A) sultan. B) vizir. C) madrasa. D) dhikr. E) zakat.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 221
26) The Umayyad dynasty during the reign of Abd al -Rahman II united

A) Iraq.
B) Iran.
C) Egypt.
D) North Africa.
E) Spain.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 222
27) Arab-Islamic settlement of Spain resulted in
A) constant warfare.
B) a ʺdark ageʺ for scholastic achievement.
C) introduction of the orange tree.
D) famine and epidemics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 222
89
28) The Almoravid dynasty
A) resulted in an emphasis on religion.
B) ejected the Muslims from Spain.
C) constructed Cordoba as the ʺornament of the world.ʺ
D) originated in Syria.
E) moved away from strict adherence of Islam.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 223
29) Averroës was
A) the leader of the Shiʹite Muslims.
B) the Christian king of Toledo.
C) the first caliph.
D) governor of Egypt under Harun al-Rashid.
E) a philosopher in Muslim Spain.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 223
30) Reconquista means
A) a series of formal campaigns to free Jerusalem from Muslim control.
B) Catholic campaigns to unify a Christian Spain.
C) the retreat of Islam from the Balkan peninsula.
D) European dominance of the trade routes to the East.
E) the diversity of the Islamic world.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 224
31) The Normans
A) recovered Sicily from the Muslims.
B) were descendants of the Vikings.
C) came from northern France.
D) had strong Roman Catholic support.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 224
32) The Crusades originated in
A) China. B) India. C) Turkey. D) Spain. E) France.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 226
33) Which of the following cities is a holy site to Islam, Christianity, and Judaism?
A) Damascus
B) Cairo
C) Rome
D) Constantinople
Answer: E
Page Ref: 226
90
34) The Ayyubid dynasty was overthrown in 1250 by
A) a Mamluk military regiment.
B) the Mongols.
C) the Crusades.
D) a direct descendent of Muhammad.
E) Turkic nomads.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 227
35) The first Mongol campaigns into Islamic territory were led by
A) Chinggis Khan.
B) Khwarazm-Shahs.
C) Transoxania.
D) Hülegü.
E) Mongke.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 229
36) The Mongol invasion of the Islamic world resulted in all of the following EXCEPT
A) devastation of urban areas.
B) the revival of the Silk Roads.
C) the end of scholarship.
D) the conversion to Islam of the Mongols.
E) an eventual empire ruled by Tamerlane.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 230
91
Chapter 8 African Beginnings
1) More than half of sub-Saharan Africa consists of
A) very dense jungle.
B) agricultural land.
C) rugged mountains.
D) nearly impassable desert.
E) grassy plains or savanna.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 234
2) The soil of African rain forests
A) never yields traditional crops.
B) alternates between very fertile and semi-barren areas.
C) yields high quantities of grain.
D) needs only irrigation.
E) requires slash-and-burn cultivation due to low fertility.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 234
3) The largest rain forest area in Africa is located
A) in the southernmost part of the continent.
B) along the coasts of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean.
C) along Africaʹs western coast.
D) along the equator between the northern and southern savannas.
E) in northern Africa along the Mediterranean coast.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 234
4) African societies base their political units on
A) patrilineal lines.
B) lineage and clans.
C) territorial borders.
D) matrilineal lines.
E) religious leaders.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 235
5) All of the following have historically been true in African marriage and family relationships
EXCEPT
A) a high infant mortality rate.
B) bridewealth.
C) the wifeʹs ability to own property.
D) polygamy.
E) marriage united clans as well as individuals.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 235
92
6) A major challenge in reconstructing sub-Saharan African history is
A) vast distances.
B) the inability to translate languages.
C) a sparse population.
D) a lack of written documentation.
E) lack of archeological evidence.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 236
7) African religious beliefs included
A) polytheism.
B) witchcraft.
C) ancestor worship.
D) complex rituals.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 238
8) Which kingdom is famous for producing bronze statuary comparable to the best
craftsmanship of the European Renaissance?
A) Ethiopia B) Benin C) Nok D) Swahili E) Mali
Answer: B
Page Ref: 238
9) Recent archeological investigations suggest that crop cultivation in Africa
A) began first in Egypt and other parts of the upper Nile, from which it diffused into other
parts of the continent.
B) was introduced by Muslims.
C) began independently in Ethiopia, the West African savanna, the central Sudan, and the
upper Niger.
D) first developed in the kingdoms of the western Sudan.
E) failed to develop until recently.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 239
10) Iron-working in Africa was
A) almost nonexistent except in Egypt and Kush.
B) introduced by Alexander the Great.
C) introduced by Muslim conquerors.
D) not a very highly developed technology.
E) an important craft, which employed furnaces that produced steel equal to that of Egypt
and Rome.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 239
93
11) Knowledge of iron-working allowed African societies to do all of the following EXCEPT
A) lessen population growth.
B) improve agricultural practices.
C) increase trade.
D) introduce craft specialization.
E) develop more complex political systems.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 240
12) Bantu society originated from present-day
A) Cameroon.
B) Sudan.
C) Kenya.
D) Ethiopia.
E) Congo.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 241
13) Tribes speaking Bantu languages predominated in
A) eastern Africa along the coasts of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean.
B) the northern coast of Africa.
C) western Africa.
D) the cape region of southern Africa.
E) sub-Saharan Africa.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 241
14) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the state of Aksum?
A) Aksumʹs court language was Greek.
B) Aksumʹs ruler Ezana converted to Christianity.
C) Aksum became Kenya.
D) Aksum dominated the Red Sea trade by the start of the Common Era.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 242
15) The role of the Nine Saints in Ethiopia included all of the following EXCEPT
A) bringing Islam to Eastern Africa.
B) establishing a new political elite.
C) being Syrian monks.
D) spreading Christianity among rural residents.
E) believing that Christʹs human and divine qualities were inseparable.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 243
94
16) What common product originated in Ethiopia?
A) pepper
B) chocolate
C) coffee
D) linen
E) perfume
Answer: C
Page Ref: 243
17) Ethiopia was unlike its neighboring civilizations because it was
A) Hebrew.
B) polytheistic.
C) Christian.
D) Muslim kingdom.
E) secular kingdom.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 244
18) What is the most famous legacy of the Zagwe dynasty?
A) the ʺPillar of Zionʺ
B) Kebre Negast
C) rock-hewn cathedrals of Roha
D) Solomonʹs tomb
E) Cushitic language
Answer: C
Page Ref: 244
19) According to belief, Ethiopia is the home to
A) the Holy Grail.
B) the true burial tomb of Muhammad.
C) the Ark of the Covenant.
D) the lost city of Atlantis.
E) the Garden of Eden.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 244
20) Which African civilization traced its lineage back to Solomon and Sheba?
A) Mali B) Nok C) Benin D) Sudan E) Ethiopia
Answer: E
Page Ref: 244
21) Ethiopia flourished under the leadership of Zara Yakob who accomplished which of the
following?
A) supported the arts
B) established a feudal relationship involving the king and the nobles
C) initiated a tentative alliance with the pope against the Muslims
D) reorganized and promoted the Ethiopian Church
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 246
95
22) The Berbers of the Sudan acquired great wealth from
A) the slave trade.
B) the silk trade with Arabia.
C) the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade.
D) shipping.
E) metalworking.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 247
23) Camel caravans crossed the Sahara
A) once each year.
B) in six months.
C) in several weeks.
D) never.
E) in two months.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 248
24) Ghana became an influential state based on wealth from trade in
A) gold.
B) slaves.
C) salt.
D) kola nuts.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 248
25) Which of the following statements concerning the trans-Saharan slave trade is TRUE?
A) Women were rarely enslaved.
B) The slave trade was operated by the Muslims.
C) It ended before the trans-Atlantic slave trade began.
D) Slaves were exchanged for gold.
E) It was a less severe journey than the trans -Atlantic slave trade led by the Europeans.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 250
26) The founder of the kingdom of Mali was
A) Mansa Musa.
B) Kaya Maghau.
C) Sonni Ali.
D) Sundiata.
E) Gao.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 250
96
27) Mansa Musa
A) was a Christian.
B) built a great palace in the kingdom of Ethiopia.
C) sent naval expeditions down the western coast of Africa.
D) was probably the first African ruler to be known throughout western Asia and Europe.
E) founded the kingdom of Mali.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 250
28) Mali benefited from large trading cities such as
A) Bambuk.
B) Taghaza.
C) Kilwa.
D) Timbuktu.
E) Zimbabwe.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 252
29) ________ became the largest of the Sudanic empires.
A) Mali B) Songhai C) Morocco D) Hausa E) Yoruba
Answer: B
Page Ref: 252
30) Which is an accomplishment of Askia Muhammad?
A) creating a centralized bureaucracy
B) causing Timbuktu, Jenne-jenno, and Walata to become centers of Islamic scholarship
C) building a professional army
D) patrolling the Niger River.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 252-253
31) The Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu was famous in the 15th century for
A) its gold-plated minaret.
B) its distinctive color.
C) being a center of the gold trade.
D) the chariots pulled by elephants.
E) its scholarship and trade in books.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 253
32) The central Sudan region
A) remained unorganized politically.
B) rejected Islam.
C) spread south of the Kalahari Desert.
D) consisted of a series of Muslim states.
E) unified with Ethiopia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 254
97
33) Zazzauʹs Queen Amina, a Hausa ruler, is considered legendary because
A) of her mysticism.
B) she defeated a male heir to the throne.
C) she controlled the cotton fields and produced much-sought-after textiles.
D) under her rule, the Zazzau controlled the regional and trans -Sahara trade.
E) she brought a halt to the slave trade.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 254
34) What was the source of the wealth of the Swahili sultanates located in eastern Africa?
A) gold and salt trade
B) metal-working, especially iron
C) agriculture
D) gold trade
E) sea trade with Asia and Europe
Answer: E
Page Ref: 255
35) The major Swahili cities were located
A) in dense jungle forests.
B) in the coastal plains of the interior of east Africa.
C) on islands off the coast of east Africa.
D) in the mountain highlands of the interior.
E) where the best harbors existed.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 256
36) Islamic influence on Africa was profound and included all EXCEPT which of the following?
A) polytheistic religion
B) coined money
C) Arabic language
D) exclusive control over political institutions
E) bureaucratic government
Answer: A
Page Ref: 257
37) Which city did Ibn Batuta, the famous traveler and scholar, consider to be the most beautiful
and well-built one that he had ever visited?
A) Timbuktu
B) Kumbi
C) Mecca
D) Husuni Kubwa
E) Kilwa
Answer: E
Page Ref: 258
98
38) Bantu peoples who migrated to Central and Southern Africa displayed their wealth by
A) the number of wives each man had.
B) intricately carved ivory jewelry.
C) cattle.
D) the number of slaves each man owned.
E) building huge palaces.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 259
39) In the southern highlands of East Africa, Bantu kings built a great capital with stone palaces at
A) Benin.
B) Mapungubwe.
C) Great Zimbabwe.
D) Kumbi.
E) Timbuktu.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 259
40) The reason for the sudden collapse of Great Zimbabwe was
A) European invasion.
B) political unrest.
C) rise to power of Torwa and Mutapa.
D) military conquest.
E) environmental degradation.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 260
41) Which kingdom of Central Africa developed a centralized state, a political system, and a
professional army?
A) Kush B) Sudan C) Zambezi D) Oyo E) Kongo
Answer: E
Page Ref: 260
99
Chapter 9 The Formation of Christian Europe
1) Pope Gregory I (590604) contributed which of the following to the Christian church?
A) He established the pattern of church government.
B) He assumed the political task of protecting Rome.
C) He asserted his political authority over secular rulers.
D) He supervised the spiritual concerns of believers.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 264
2) What is meant by the temporal power of the Catholic Church?
A) its control over facets of society other than religion
B) intense missionary activity
C) its influence over the social fabric during the Middle Ages
D) its charities
E) preserving the works of the ancient world
Answer: A
Page Ref: 264
3) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of missionary activity during the early Middle
Ages?
A) stored priceless manuscripts in monasteries
B) eliminated paganism in Europe
C) attempted to eliminate the effects of worldly corruption
D) aided in the merger of Germanic and Roman cultures
E) attacked the pagans and spread warfare throughout Europe
Answer: E
Page Ref: 264
4) The medieval Christian Churchʹs missionary activity was successful in all the following
conversions EXCEPT
A) Ireland. B) Germans C) China. D) France. E) England.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 265
5) During the Middle Ages, most education and learning took place
A) outside of Europe.
B) in Rome.
C) in monasteries.
D) within wealthy families.
E) within royal courts.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 266
100
6) What is the Book of Kells?
A) Boethiusʹs philosophy, written while in prison
B) a book of religious poetry
C) a census of the Catholic Church
D) an illuminated manuscript produced by monks
Answer: D
Page Ref: 266
7) The Germanic warrior-chieftain who first unified the Franks into a single kingdom from
northern Gaul to the Pyrenees Mountains in the south was
A) Charlemagne.
B) Charles Martel.
C) Charles the Bald.
D) Louis the Pious.
E) Clovis.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 266
8) The conversion of the Franks to Christianity was most significant because it
A) made conversion of Europe to Islam impossible.
B) allied the Franks and the papacy.
C) created a united Europe.
D) brought peace to Europe.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 266
9) By the early 8th century, the Merovingian kings had grown weak, and power was
concentrated in the hands of officials called
A) exarchate.
B) knights.
C) mayors of the palace.
D) dukes.
E) counts.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 267
10) Charles Martel of the Franks
A) stopped the Muslim drive into Europe at Tours in 732 C.E.
B) possessed great military skill.
C) established a force of professional mounted soldiers.
D) rewarded his victorious soldiers with land.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 267
101
11) Following a victory over the Lombards in 756, Pepin conferred to the Pope the ʺDonation of
Pepin,ʺ which
A) recognized the spiritual authority of the Popes in the Frankish kingdom.
B) gave Popes the authority to select bishops and other high church officials without
requiring the approval of kings.
C) consigned the exarchate of Ravenna to the Pope, making him a temporal as well as a
spiritual ruler.
D) made the Pope superior to kings.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 267
12) The name of the ruling family that initiated the development of strong central government in
medieval France was the
A) Angevin.
B) Bourbon.
C) Valois.
D) Carolingian.
E) Capetian.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 267
13) The person most connected with the Carolingian Renaissance was
A) Charles Martel.
B) Charlemagne.
C) Louis the Lombard.
D) Einhard.
E) Pepin.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 268
14) Which is NOT consistent with the reign of Charlemagne?
A) defeat of the Lombards
B) coronation by the pope signified the alliance between the church and the empire
C) efficient organization of the empire
D) conquest of England
E) desire to re-establish political unity lost with the collapse of the Roman Empire
Answer: D
Page Ref: 268
15) Which of the following became a legacy of Charlemagne?
A) a large standing army
B) conversion to Islam
C) a central system of taxation
D) a commitment to the traditions of the Byzantine Empire
E) a cultural revival that established a distinct European civilization
Answer: E
Page Ref: 268-269
102
16) The Treaty of Verdun of 843 C.E.
A) established Muslim control of Spain.
B) created the ʺmissi dominici,ʺ or kingʹs envoys, to administer the empire.
C) halted the Viking invasions of France.
D) added England to Charlemagneʹs empire.
E) contributed to shaping political problems into the 20th century by dividing
Charlemagneʹs empire.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 270
17) The part of the Carolingian Empire that would later be disputed for centuries by German and
French people and would be the scene of many bloody conflicts was
A) Belgium.
B) Lorraine.
C) Normandy.
D) Burgundy.
E) southern France.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 270
18) A major source of instability and anxiety in Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries was
A) invasions by Scandinavians, Muslims, and Magyars.
B) the decline of the use of Latin as a means of everyday communication.
C) the declining power of the Church in European society.
D) the growth of absolute power by the kings and other secular rulers.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 270-271
19) Which of the following peoples were NOT part of the Viking invasion of Europe?
A) Turks
B) Danes
C) Norsemen
D) Norwegians
E) Swedes
Answer: A
Page Ref: 272
20) Viking incursions into France finally made the weak king Charles the Simple cede to the Norse
chieftain Rollo a portion of France later called
A) Alsace.
B) Lorraine.
C) Normandy.
D) Burgundy.
E) Paris.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 272
103
21) In England, the Viking threat led to
A) the establishment of stronger and more unified states.
B) complete collapse of the will to resist the invaders.
C) attempted invasions of those regions by Muslims.
D) a loss of religious faith.
E) the founding of a Viking kingdom within England and along the Baltic Sea.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 272
22) The Viking invasions in France
A) led to an increase of trade.
B) made the heavily armed knights less important.
C) stimulated industry.
D) strengthened centralized government.
E) undermined the authority of the French bishops.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 272
23) The Viking invasions of France strengthened the economic position of
A) the urban merchants.
B) the small farmers.
C) the landed aristocracy.
D) the king.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 272
24) In theory, all the land in a kingdom belonged to the
A) people who worked the land.
B) landed aristocracy.
C) Pope.
D) clergy.
E) king.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 272
25) Which is NOT true of the origins of feudalism?
A) It is a transitional period that follows the collapse of a unified political system.
B) It is characterized by a strong centralized political system.
C) Political power is exercised more effectively locally by private persons than by royal
officials.
D) It arises because of the need for protection from foreign invaders.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 273
104
26) Which is not a necessary component of feudalism?
A) slavery
B) investiture
C) vassals
D) suzerains
E) homage
Answer: A
Page Ref: 273
27) In the feudal system, a grant of land that was made from the lord in exchange for vassal
obligations was a
A) wardship.
B) stewardship.
C) manor.
D) forfeiture.
E) fief.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 273
28) The feudal ceremony in which a vassal knelt before his lord and swore loyalty was known as
the act of
A) chivalry.
B) hospitality.
C) homage.
D) wardship.
E) investiture.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 273
29) The principal obligation that a vassal owed his lord in exchange for the use of land was
A) military service.
B) service at court.
C) hospitality.
D) boon work.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 273
30) What attitude toward warfare prevailed among the nobility during the feudal period?
A) Only the peasants served as soldiers.
B) It was honorable and normal.
C) It was regarded as contrary to religious values.
D) War was to be undertaken rarely and only for the most compelling reasons.
E) It was a dishonorable undertaking, and soldiers were regarded with contempt and
suspicion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 273
105
31) The code of conduct that was to govern the behavior of all knights is
A) chivalry.
B) suzerain.
C) knighthood.
D) wardship.
E) oath of fealty.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 274
32) Which of the following is NOT consistent with knights?
A) pages began at age 7
B) infantry
C) required to fight faithfully for his lord
D) champion of the church
E) men of noble birth
Answer: B
Page Ref: 274
33) All of the following are consistent with medieval farming methods EXCEPT
A) pigs were the most common animal.
B) low yields.
C) the use of the three field system.
D) women were not allowed to work in the fields.
E) crude implements.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 275
34) All of the following are typical of the life of peasants during the Early Middle Ages EXCEPT
A) women did not work in the fields.
B) humans and animals occupied the same structure.
C) frequent famines.
D) backbreaking labor.
E) wrestling, cock fighting, and drinking were popular pastimes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 275
35) The manor system established
A) a military dictatorship.
B) a monarchy.
C) economic self-sufficiency.
D) the control of the economy by the Church.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 277
106
36) Trade was reopened between Europe and the Near East when
A) new technology resulted in faster ships.
B) new legal codes simplified trade.
C) the Normans and Italians broke the Muslim hold on commerce in the eastern
Mediterranean.
D) the Strait of Gibraltar was re-conquered.
E) the guilds reduced trade restrictions.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 277
37) Factors leading to the rise of towns in medieval Europe included all of the following EXCEPT
A) a rapid rise in population.
B) foreign invasions.
C) an increase in food production.
D) a resurgence of trade.
E) stabilization of feudal society.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 277
38) The most aggressive advocate of church reform during the High Middle Ages was
A) St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
B) Pope Urban II.
C) Thomas Aquinas.
D) Innocent III.
E) Pope Gregory VII.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 278
39) Which of the following is NOT a true assessment of Pope Innocent III?
A) He modernized the Churchʹs canon.
B) He had been a parish priest.
C) He was a lawyer.
D) He was a monk.
E) He approved the Franciscan Rule.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 279
40) Interdict served to control and punish those rulers who dared contradict the Church because it
A) suspended all public worship and withheld the sacraments in the realm of a disobedient
ruler.
B) convicted unrepentant believers and sentenced them to prison.
C) deprived an individual of the sacraments.
D) threatened trial by ordeal.
E) replaced the king.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 279
107
41) The belief in doctrines officially condemned by the church is
A) dialectic.
B) dogma.
C) heresy.
D) sacrament.
E) excommunication.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 279
42) The Franciscans and the Dominicans
A) ministered to the needs of the people.
B) took vows of silence.
C) became wealthy landowners.
D) lived in secluded monasteries.
E) worked to free the church of secular control.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 279
43) The earliest universities of Europe were in all the following cities EXCEPT
A) Bologna.
B) Madrid.
C) Paris.
D) Oxford.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 281
44) A reconciliation of the works of Aristotle and church dogma was completed by
A) the Benedictine order of monks.
B) St. Augustine.
C) Pope Innocent III.
D) Hildegard of Bingen.
E) St. Paul.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 281
45) What was the goal of the Crusades?
A) to reopen trade with the Far East
B) to establish church dominion over Franceʹs monarchy
C) to rid Europe of Islam
D) to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims
E) to loot Constantinople
Answer: D
Page Ref: 281
108
46) While attending the Council of Clermont, ________ called the First Crusade.
A) Pope Gregory VII
B) Pope Leo
C) Richard the Lion Hearted
D) Pope Innocent III
E) Pope Urban II
Answer: E
Page Ref: 281
47) Which of the following statements describing the Crusades is NOT accurate?
A) The First Crusade failed in taking Jerusalem from the Muslims.
B) Salah-al-Din, the sultan of Egypt and Syria, recaptured Jerusalem.
C) Led by the Venetians, the Crusaders conquered and sacked Constantinople.
D) No kings answered the call for the Fourth Crusade.
E) The children of the 1212 Crusade were sold into slavery by the French merchants of
Marseilles.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 282-283
48) Which of the following orders was NOT founded to protect all pilgrims and to wage perpetual
war against the Muslims?
A) Saracens
B) Templars
C) Knights of St. John
D) Teutonic Knights
Answer: A
Page Ref: 283
49) Who was chosen by the electors of France to assume the role of king?
A) Hugh Capet
B) Jacques Rousseau
C) Boniface VIII
D) Jean Monet
E) Henry Tudor
Answer: A
Page Ref: 284
50) What permanent impact did the Crusades have?
A) strengthened respect for the papacy
B) lessened trade with the East
C) destroyed the money economy
D) led to the revival of cities
E) strengthened the Byzantine Empire
Answer: D
Page Ref: 284
109
51) Philip II Augustus succeeded in
A) seizing territory in France owned by English kings.
B) becoming the king of Spain as well.
C) bringing the Church under the control of the government.
D) joining France and Austria by marriage.
E) establishing an Empire on the European continent.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 284
52) Philip IV accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
A) expelling the Jews from France and confiscating their possessions.
B) securing the support of civil servants by choosing them from the aristocracy.
C) enlarging the Estates-General to include commoners.
D) humiliating pope Boniface.
E) causing France to become the major power in Europe.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 285
53) In 1066 C.E., England was conquered by

A) the Danish king, Canute.
B) Philip IV of Aquitaine.
C) the Duke of Saxony, Otto.
D) William, duke of Normandy.
E) Henry II.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 285
54) Henry IIʹs chief contribution to the English monarchy was
A) to increase the jurisdiction of the royal courts at the expense of the feudal courts.
B) the growth of common law to unify the English people.
C) use of the jury system.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 285
55) Thomas à Becket
A) established a church separate from Rome.
B) remained the kingʹs closest advisor and supporter.
C) supported the kingʹs power over the church.
D) refused to subvert church courts to the royal courts.
E) became the first prime minister.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 286
110
56) Who among the following kings of England was both inept and cruel?
A) Richard the Lion Hearted
B) Edward I
C) William I
D) John I
E) Alfred the Great
Answer: D
Page Ref: 286
57) Which of the following is a central principle of the Magna Carta?
A) trial by jury
B) no taxation without representation
C) religious toleration
D) no man is above the law
E) all men are created equal
Answer: D
Page Ref: 286
58) The English Parliament
A) represented both landowners and townspeople.
B) has never been able to initiate legislation.
C) had no power in England until after the 18th century.
D) was dissolved by King Edward I.
E) represented only nobles.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 287
59) The power of the House of Commons lay in its ability to
A) tax the nobles.
B) control royal spending.
C) remove the king.
D) appeal directly to the people of England.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 287
60) The long struggle to drive the Muslims from Spain is known as the
A) Crusades.
B) Lombard League.
C) Holy Roman Empire.
D) Granada.
E) Reconquista.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 288
111
61) During the High Middle Ages, who were the most powerful rulers of Europe?
A) Saxon dynasty
B) Tudor dynasty
C) Magyars
D) Plantagenet dynasty
E) Hohenstaufen dynasty
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
62) All of the following were results of the Investiture Controversy EXCEPT
A) weakening of the papacy.
B) the humiliation of Henry IV.
C) rebellion among the nobles encouraged.
D) strengthening of the nobles.
E) the monarchyʹs loss of the German churchʹs loyalty.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
63) How did Frederick IIʹs policies destroy hopes of German unification?
A) He remained loyal to Austrian dominance.
B) The Holy Roman Empire was too strong.
C) He sacrificed Germany in an attempt to unite Italy.
D) He forbade the unification as a threat to his power.
E) He traded German lands for lands in France.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 289
64) Pope Nicholas I and Patriarch Photius collided over
A) conversion of the pagans.
B) the role of priests.
C) sacred language.
D) the control of Rome.
E) the sacraments.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 290
65) Cyril and Methodius affected the
A) Slavic people.
B) Greeks.
C) Germans.
D) Bulgararians
E) Huns.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 290
112
66) During the Byzantine Golden Age,
A) art flourished.
B) a high rate of literacy was common.
C) there was a dependable and ample supply of food.
D) the theme system empowered free peasant soldiers.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 290
67) The Byzantine Empire could NOT withstand the superior military and administrative power
of the
A) Arabs.
B) Bulgarians.
C) Slavs.
D) Huns.
E) Turks.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 290
68) Using the language of a particular region is to speak in the
A) colloquial.
B) theme system.
C) guild system.
D) didactic.
E) vernacular.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 290
69) All of the following are consistent with the Great Schism EXCEPT
A) Rome excommunicated the eastern churchʹs leaders.
B) the East Catholic Church opposed the leadership of the Pope in Rome.
C) it began with the iconoclastic issue.
D) the Western and Eastern Christian churches divided over married clergy.
E) it ended in 1962 with the Vatican Conference.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 291
70) During the First Crusade,
A) Alexius successfully saved Constantinople..
B) the Byzantines fought with the Crusaders to defeat the Muslims.
C) Constantinople fell.
D) the Europeans burned and sacked Constantinople.
E) the Byzantine Empire lost more territory.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 292
113
71) With the support of ________, Constantinople was captured and looted during the Fourth
Crusade.
A) Rome B) London C) Athens D) Venice E) Paris
Answer: D
Page Ref: 292
72) Most of the people who occupy the Balkan peninsula are
A) Turks. B) Huns. C) Magyar. D) Slavs. E) German.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 293
73) Which of the following is NOT a major theme in Russian history?
A) a strong merchant class
B) transportation along north-south flowing rivers
C) a search for a warm water port
D) challenges of geography
E) impact of a small population
Answer: A
Page Ref: 293
74) The Russian people are predominantly
A) Slavs.
B) Mongols.
C) Scandinavian.
D) German.
E) Turks.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 294
75) Kievan Russiaʹs first ties to the Byzantines were
A) ethnic.
B) religious.
C) cultural.
D) commercial.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 294
76) At the end of the 10th century, Prince Vladimir converted the Russian people to
A) Islam.
B) Judaism.
C) Roman Christianity.
D) Buddhism.
E) Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 294
114
77) The name of the succession principle enunciated by Yaroslav the Wise was
A) matriarchal supremacy.
B) the seniority system.
C) the lottery.
D) election.
E) primogeniture.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 296
78) For two centuries the Mongols controlled Russia, during which time all of the following
affected Russia EXCEPT
A) Moscow emerged as a new administrative center.
B) gaining the political control of the Balkans.
C) isolation from the outside world.
D) the Orthodox Church grew in strength.
E) internal markets grew.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 296
79) The person who fought the Swedes and Teutonic knights, placated the Mongols, and helped
establish the line that would rule the rising city of Moscow was
A) Vladimir Monomakh.
B) Ivan Kalita.
C) Alexander Nevsky.
D) Iuri Dolgoruki.
E) Yaroslav the Wise.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 296
80) Bulgaria served as a(n)
A) province of Byzantium.
B) transmission line to spread Orthodoxy throughout the Balkans and Russia.
C) satellite of Russia.
D) buffer state between the Germans and the Russians.
E) ally with Rome against Russia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 297
81) The conflict between the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes is based on
A) ethnic differences.
B) religious differences.
C) linguistic differences.
D) social difference.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 297
115
82) Which of the following is TRUE of Russia during the 14th century?
A) Moscow became the political and religious center of Russia.
B) Russiaʹs relationship with Europe strengthened.
C) European powers seized vast areas of Russian territory in the west.
D) The Mongols defeated the Russians at Kulikovo.
E) Kiev became the religious center of Russia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 297
83) Which of the following did NOT apply to Romania through the 14th century?
A) It served as a crossroads for migrating peoples coming from East to West.
B) It was an ʺisland of Latins in a sea of Slavsʺ.
C) It became a productive part of the Roman Empire.
D) From the end of the Roman Empire to the 13th century, Romania disappeared.
E) Romania was united by the Latin Catholic Church.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 298
84) The only indigenous Bronze Age people in the Balkans who were able to preserve their
language and culture are the
A) Albanians.
B) Serbs.
C) Bulgarians.
D) Romanians.
E) Slovenes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 298
116
Chapter 10 Culture, Power, and Trade
in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220-1350
1) The major contributions of the Guptas were all of the following EXCEPT
A) a great revival of traditional religion.
B) the spreading of Hindu culture throughout Southeast Asia.
C) Indian unity.
D) the creation of Hinduism.
E) Sanskrit literature.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 302
2) The power of the Guptas was based on
A) a lack of enemies.
B) huge Hindu armies.
C) abolition of taxes.
D) prosperity and an absence of war.
E) an imperial secret police and strong local authorities.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 302
3) Traditional Indian literature was written in
A) Hindi.
B) Chinese.
C) Sanskrit.
D) Persian.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 302
4) Indiaʹs prosperity during the Gupta Empire resulted from all of the following EXCEPT
A) artisan guilds.
B) trade with Southeast Asia.
C) the discovery of gold in the Bengal Province.
D) trade with Rome.
E) increased agricultural productivity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 302
5) Which religion dominated the subcontinent of India?
A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Jainism
D) Coptic
E) Islam
Answer: A
Page Ref: 303
117
6) What was the importance of the Bhagavad-Gita?
A) It provided for a uniform code of laws.
B) It assured that salvation was accessible to all.
C) It is a classic work of literature with the theme of separated lovers.
D) It is the most famous work of Aryabhatta, the Indian mathematician.
E) It cemented the belief that only the higher castes were assured of salvation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 303
7) Most of the knowledge of Gupta India was provided by
A) Murasaki Shikibu.
B) Faxian.
C) bhakti rituals.
D) detailed historical accounts.
E) religious texts.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 303-304
8) Art during the Gupta period
A) was practiced only by monks.
B) included religious topics.
C) languished.
D) had been destroyed.
E) emphasized nationalistic themes.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 304
9) Of the following mathematical ideas, Indian scholarship developed
A) engineering equations.
B) the concept of zero.
C) no new knowledge.
D) geometry.
E) square roots.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 305
10) Achievements in medicine during the Gupta Empire included
A) knowledge of nutrition.
B) sterilization of wounds.
C) antibiotics.
D) professional education for doctors.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 306
118
11) The major reason for the fall of the Gupta Empire was
A) internal rebellions.
B) overpopulation.
C) a Huna invasion.
D) corruption.
E) flooding.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 306
12) During the 7th century, the unity of northern India was restored by Harsha, a strong Hindu
leader, who accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
A) Hinduism and Buddhism became dominant.
B) restoration of order.
C) diplomatic missions with China.
D) conquest of the Deccan.
E) partial revival of learning.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 306
13) When regional kingdoms prevailed after the rule of Harsha ended in 647 C.E., what resulted?

A) Literary achievements declined.
B) Civil war and anarchy occurred.
C) The Hindu philosopher Shankara assumed leadership.
D) The Indianization of Southeast Asia and China from the fifth to the eighth centuries.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 306
14) In 1000 C.E., Mahmud of Ghazni

A) led Muslim armies into India.
B) devastated northern India.
C) destroyed Shivaʹs temple in Gujarat and murdered its defenders.
D) engendered bitter emotions among Hindus toward Muslims to the present.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 307
15) The major force behind the Delhi Sultanate, which unified India in the 13th and 14th centuries,
was
A) Islam.
B) the Gupta Dynasty.
C) the Mauryan Dynasty.
D) a desire to unify all of southern and southeastern Asia.
E) the Chinese.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 307
119
16) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Delhi Sultanate?
A) The Delhi Sultans were proponents of philosophy.
B) The Delhi Sultans were patrons of the arts.
C) It was unable to conquer the Southern region of India.
D) It completed the construction of splendid buildings.
E) The Sultanate was able to ward off the Mongol invaders.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 308
17) How was Delhi destroyed in 1398?
A) invasion of the Huns
B) fire
C) religious war between the Hindus and Muslims
D) army of Timur (Tamerlane)
E) earthquake and fire
Answer: D
Page Ref: 308
18) Urdu, one of the major spoken languages of India today, reveals
A) Indiaʹs ability to synthesize and incorporate many languages and cultures.
B) the effect of geographic isolation on Indian history.
C) the cultural pressure of China on India.
D) the refusal of Indians to accept foreign imposed languages.
E) the continuing influence of Hinduism in India.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 308
19) Muslim rulers of India
A) allowed freedom of worship.
B) built a Buddhist university.
C) erased Buddhism from India.
D) caused Buddhism to grow.
E) encouraged the Buddhist monks to continue their lifestyles.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 308
20) A synthesis of Hinduism and Islam can be found in
A) Turco-Mongol languages.
B) Indiaʹs literature.
C) the Abbasid rulers.
D) the Hindu-Vijayangar.
E) Sikhism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 308
120
21) Resistance among Hindu leaders in India against Islam
A) ended when the Muslim conquerors assimilated the Hindu culture.
B) eventually cast Islam out of India.
C) is only a modern-day dilemma.
D) continued during the era of Muslim rule.
E) ended with the expulsion of Hinduism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 308
22) A continuous feature of China between the 6th and 13th centuries was
A) a single religious heritage.
B) foreign invasion.
C) anarchy.
D) political and cultural continuity.
E) peace and stability.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 309
23) All of the following were responsible for Chinaʹs stability from the 6th to the 13th centuries
EXCEPT a(n)
A) strong leadership based on hereditary nobles and scholar bureaucrats sharing power.
B) strong Confucian tradition.
C) common written language.
D) strong family structure.
E) absence of foreign invasion.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 309
24) The Sri-vijayan Empire
A) was short lived.
B) left an amazing array of historical documents.
C) derived its wealth from gold.
D) was located in Sri Lanka.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 309
25) The period of the Sixteen Kingdoms from 304 to 439 C.E. was significant because

A) it extended the Chinese civilization southward.
B) it was free of war.
C) it was a period of many barbaric invasions.
D) it ended disunity.
E) it established a firm order of royal succession.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 309-310
121
26) The Northern Wei dynasty
A) resisted adopting Chinese culture.
B) unified China.
C) introduced the equal-field system.
D) were ineffective administrators.
E) destroyed the capital at Luoyang.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 310
27) Buddhism became popular in China for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) its transcendence of class and gender.
B) the absence of monasteries.
C) the bodhisattvas who postponed their release from the cycle of birth and rebirth in order
to save others.
D) its promise of salvation for all.
E) the idea of salvation through faith.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 310
28) Accomplishments of the Sui emperors included all of the following EXCEPT
A) fair and consistent rule.
B) revival of the civil service system.
C) an imperial military force.
D) reconquest of China.
E) the construction of the Grand Canal.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 311
29) The major reform of the Tang rulers was the
A) modernization of the Chinese alphabet.
B) creation of a highly centralized government supported by a complex bureaucracy.
C) imposition of Confucian ideals.
D) development of a rice-dominated agricultural system.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 311
30) The Tang legal code of 653 C.E.

A) used the principles of Confucianism to govern the state.
B) defined the nature of the Chinese state according to the Confucian Classics.
C) re-emphasized the examination system.
D) excluded women from the examination system.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 311
122
31) All of the following apply to the rule of the Empress Wu EXCEPT
A) she firmly established the Tang dynasty.
B) she eliminated her opposition.
C) she strengthened the aristocracy.
D) she was considered a usurper.
E) Korea became a vassal state.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 311
32) The Tang nationalized land register was designed to
A) bring all land under government ownership.
B) open up new territories.
C) defend China against barbarian invaders.
D) take land from the peasants.
E) check the growth of large estates and guarantee land to peasants.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 312
33) Prosperity under the Tang dynasty was largely due to
A) government intervention in the Chinese economy.
B) individual prosperity.
C) the absence of famine.
D) the discovery of large quantities of precious minerals.
E) the closing of the silk route.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 312
34) A major feature of Tang society was
A) openness and responsiveness to foreign stimuli.
B) limited government control over Chinese life.
C) severe punishments.
D) the rejection of Chinese culture by other Asian peoples.
E) the rejection of all things foreign.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 312
35) Women during the Tang dynasty
A) were depicted in Xu Yueyingʹs poetry as fighting against convention.
B) were limited by legal codes punishing wifely disobedience.
C) were active in the arts.
D) held a subordinate position in society.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 312
123
36) The most important contribution of Tang scholarship was
A) mathematics.
B) the study of language.
C) the development of critical writing.
D) the study of medicine.
E) the study of history as a guide to future actions.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 313
37) Painting during the Tang dynasty emphasized
A) religion.
B) nature.
C) the rulers.
D) portraits.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 314
38) Tang rule brought all of the following improvements to China EXCEPT
A) increased foreign trade.
B) development of a good communication system with roads and canals.
C) an improved legal status for women.
D) flourishing of the arts.
E) flowering of technology as well as arts and scholarship.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 315
39) The Tang dynasty fell due to
A) control of the financial system by vested interests.
B) deterioration of the state education system.
C) persecution of Buddhists.
D) raiding by bandits.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 315
40) A major feature of Song China was
A) a small military.
B) famine and economic decline.
C) the use of scholar-officials to strengthen the central power of the state.
D) terror.
E) ineffective government and local anarchy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 315
124
41) What did the Song dynasty do to placate its neighbors?
A) paid annual tributes
B) stationed the military on a permanent basis at the borders
C) sent the army on numerous raids
D) kidnapped members of aristocratic families as hostages
E) all of the above
Answer: A
Page Ref: 316
42) One of the major results of the economic prosperity and technological innovations of the Song
dynasty was
A) the initiation of destructive wars of imperial conquest.
B) a population explosion.
C) foreign invasion.
D) nationwide literacy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 316
43) All of the following were economic or technological contributions of the Song dynasty
EXCEPT
A) the stern-post rudder.
B) the steam-powered seagoing ship.
C) the printing press.
D) the compass.
E) a doubling of rice production.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 317
44) The resurgence of Confucian ideals reinforced all of the following for Chinese women EXCEPT
A) womenʹs public role was severely limited.
B) women were to be weak and attractive.
C) female infanticide.
D) widows were encouraged to remarry.
E) foot binding.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 317-318
45) Neo-Confucianism included
A) reincarnation.
B) the adherence to a strict code of conduct.
C) nature worship.
D) the denial of a pattern in all things.
E) the existence of a Supreme Ultimate.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 318
125
46) The major reason for the success of the Mongols was their
A) mobility.
B) religious fervor.
C) huge numbers.
D) technological advances.
E) administrative skills.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 319-320
47) The man who began the Mongol successes was
A) Chengdu.
B) Temujin (Chinggis).
C) Fujiwara.
D) Uighurs.
E) Tangut.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 319
48) Chinggis Khan (Temujin) conquered all the following EXCEPT
A) Turkestan.
B) Afghanistan.
C) Japan.
D) Russia.
E) the Chin capital of northern China.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 320
49) A major feature of Mongol conquest was
A) terror.
B) the spreading of Chinese philosophy.
C) a large infantry.
D) the spreading of the Turkish language.
E) benevolence.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 320
50) All of the following illustrate contributions of the Mongols EXCEPT
A) dramatic population decreases.
B) provision of a postal service.
C) the spread of a new written language that unified Asia during their reign.
D) promotion of religious toleration.
E) fostering of diplomatic activity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 320
126
51) Khubilai moved his seat of government to
A) Beijing.
B) Macao.
C) Shanghai.
D) Nanjing (Nanking).
E) Chongqing.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 321
52) The Mongols established a new Chinese dynasty known as
A) Chʹin. B) Chou. C) Han. D) Jurchen. E) Yuan.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 320
53) Most of our knowledge about Khubilai Khan and China under the Mongols has come from
A) the Ebstorf Mappamundi.
B) written histories by Mongol scholars.
C) Khubilaiʹs court records.
D) Buddhist holy texts.
E) Marco Polo.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 322
54) The Yuan dynasty was responsible for
A) religious persecution.
B) extensive trade and travel across Eurasia.
C) the opening up of Indian contacts with the rest of Asia.
D) closing the sea trade routes between China and Europe.
E) a peace agreement between nomadic barbarians and China.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 322-324
55) All of the following were brought to Europe during the time of the Mongols EXCEPT
A) printing.
B) governmental techniques.
C) awareness of a wider world.
D) medicines.
E) explosives.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 324
56) The major products of trade between Europe and China in the age of the Mongol Empire were
A) wool and jewels.
B) silk and spices.
C) wheat and rice.
D) manufactured goods.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 324
127
57) The Mongols brought to China
A) shipbuilding techniques.
B) architecture.
C) Persian astronomy.
D) historical writing.
E) the creation of a long-lasting state in central Asia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 324
58) The major contributions of the Yuan dynasty include
A) the spread of Buddhism.
B) great literary classics.
C) great works of art.
D) the integration of knowledge between East and West.
E) the spread of Mongol civilization.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 324
59) The major reason for the decline of the Mongol Empire was
A) the White Lotus Society.
B) internal rebellions.
C) disease.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 324
60) Korean Koguryo accomplished all of the following EXCEPT the
A) establishment of legal codes.
B) formation of a confederacy of noble families.
C) adoption of Buddhism.
D) creation of permanent monuments.
E) defeat of the Sui army.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 325
61) A pagoda is
A) a style of architecture.
B) a familyʹs living quarters.
C) a merchantʹs place of business.
D) opposite of an Indian stupa.
E) a Buddhist monument.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 325
128
62) The Koryo dynasty established in 936 C.E.
A) eliminated the examination system.
B) destroyed the university founded by an earlier dynasty.
C) emancipated the slaves.
D) defeated a military coup.
E) supported Hinduism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 325
63) According to Chinese observers, ancient Japanese were
A) rebellious.
B) poor farmers.
C) governed by male elders.
D) expert weavers and fishermen.
E) lacking a specific religious tradition.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 328
64) Shint_, the ancient Japanese religion, included
A) barring women from administrative leadership.
B) the belief that deities were everywhere in nature.
C) one superior god.
D) the world of the living was separate from that of the gods.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 329
65) Since 660 B.C.E., the emperors of Japan have been of the clan called
A) Fujiwara.
B) Heian.
C) Shikoku.
D) Yamato.
E) Taika.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 329
66) The ________ family became the main advisors to the Japanese emperor in the 7th century.
A) Fujiwara
B) Amaterasu
C) Shotoku
D) Nameneto
E) Temmu
Answer: A
Page Ref: 330
129
67) The Taika, or ʺGreat Change,ʺ in Japan refers to
A) basic reforms patterned after the Tang state.
B) threats from new faiths that challenged traditional views.
C) political issues arising under the Fujiwara rulers.
D) a Chinese invasion.
E) economic conflicts when great estates replaced the old small farms.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 330
68) The Heian Period resulted in all the following EXCEPT
A) the Fujiwara family ruled for figurehead emperors.
B) no taxation on private estates.
C) the construction of a new capital at Kyoto.
D) the end of Chinese inspired reforms.
E) a renewed domination by the Buddhist clergy.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 330
69) The samurai were
A) representatives of opposing political factions.
B) military men or their retainers.
C) officials of the imperial government.
D) types of clergy or religious leaders.
E) free peasants who owned land.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 330
70) Women of the elite class during the Taika Reform period in Japan
A) spoke with men from behind a screen.
B) spent most of their time indoors.
C) married very young.
D) were well educated.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 330
71) During the Nara and Heian periods, Japan experienced all of the following EXCEPT
A) pestilence.
B) high tax rates.
C) an emphasis on the aristocracy.
D) an increase in the number of literate farmers.
E) the publication of the worldʹs first novel.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 332
72) During the Heian period, what dominated as a theme in the arts?
A) music B) war C) religion D) family E) nature
Answer: C
Page Ref: 334
130
73) The Heian period ended with
A) natural disasters.
B) warfare.
C) fires.
D) earthquakes.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 335
74) The True Pure Land sect
A) merged with the Nichiren sect.
B) broke with Buddhist tradition.
C) preached the need of good works to reach salvation.
D) believed an evil man could never enter the Pure Land.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 335
75) During the Heian period, Japan
A) eliminated Shint_ rituals.
B) had religious wars often.
C) experienced little conflict.
D) expelled all Buddhists.
E) had only peasants who followed Confucianism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 334
76) The major Zen sects stressed
A) prayer.
B) military prowess.
C) meditation and riddles.
D) an organized clergy.
E) monastic life.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 335
77) In the 12th century, Yoritomo of the Minamoto clan reformed the Japanese political system by
establishing
A) hereditary emperors.
B) an elected leader.
C) the Japanese empire.
D) a class of warrior-statesmen.
E) rule by shogun.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 335
131
78) Unlike China, where scholar bureaucrats eventually rose to positions of dominance, in
medieval Japan the ________ class rose to dominance.
A) farmer
B) warrior
C) hereditary rulers
D) priest
E) merchant
Answer: B
Page Ref: 336
79) What is meant by kamikaze?
A) victory in battle
B) divine winds
C) suicide
D) no surrender
E) honor in service
Answer: B
Page Ref: 336
80) By the 14th century, ________ had become increasingly important in Japan..
A) feudalism
B) royalty
C) a centralized government.
D) religion
E) anarchy
Answer: A
Page Ref: 336-337
81) All of the following constitute Oceania EXCEPT
A) New Zealand.
B) New Guinea.
C) Polynesia.
D) Australia.
E) Taiwan.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 336
82) In Pacific island and Australian societies
A) women had high status.
B) culture centered on villages.
C) advanced boating techniques allowed their culture to spread.
D) men wielded political power.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 336-337
132
Chapter 11 The Americas to 1500
1) All of the following relate to the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the
Europeans in the 16th century EXCEPT
A) they reached the New World by crossing the Bering land bridge.
B) they were indigenous natives who inhabited the New World.
C) they walked or boated down the Pacific coast.
D) they reached the Americas by sailing from Polynesia and southern Asia across the Pacific
Ocean.
E) they arrived by sailing from Europe across the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 342
2) The crop that became the most important agricultural product in the New World after about
5000 B.C.E. was
A) wheat. B) maize. C) barley. D) yams. E) rice.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 342
3) Cahokia
A) represented a culture near the Rio Grande River.
B) existed in present-day Florida.
C) was an ancient settlement along the Ohio River in present-day Ohio.
D) was a trade center for the Mound Builders near present-day St. Louis.
E) was the center of a semi-nomadic culture in the Pacific Northwest.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 343
4) Amerindian cultures followed a pattern of development similar to Africa and Asia but lacked
A) development of urban centers.
B) a belief in monarchy.
C) human sacrifices.
D) the horse.
E) theocratic systems.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 343-344
5) Mesoamerican cultures were
A) the Indian cultures that built pueblos in the southwestern United States.
B) the Indian civilizations that formed in South America.
C) the earliest Spanish cultures in the New World.
D) civilizations in Mexico and Central America.
E) Indian cultures along the Mississippi River.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 343
133
6) During the Formative Period (before 150 C.E.), the ________ became the origin group of the
later Mesoamerican people.
A) San Lorenzo
B) Olmecs
C) Aztecs
D) Incas
E) Mayans
Answer: B
Page Ref: 344
7) Which of the following was consistent with the Olmec people?
A) a ruling priest class
B) agricultural surpluses
C) colossal sculptured stone heads
D) pottery, weaving, and masonry
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 344
8) The earliest Olmec center of civilization was at
A) Teotihuacan.
B) Oaxaca.
C) San Lorenzo.
D) Cuzco.
E) Tenochtitlan.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 344
9) The classic period of Mesoamerican civilization was an era of advances in all regions that
occurred
A) at the very beginning of the habitation of the Americas about 20,000 years ago.
B) between the 5th and 2nd centuries B.C.E.
C) between the 2nd and 10th centuries C.E.
D) in the last two centuries.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 345
10) The largest human-made structure in the New World is an enormous pyramid standing 213
feet high at
A) Teotihuacán.
B) Cuzco.
C) Monte Alban.
D) Tenochtitlan.
E) Monte Verde.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 343
134
11) The classic period in Mesoamerican civilization exhibited all of the following EXCEPT
A) foreign trade.
B) writing.
C) no military.
D) time keeping.
E) elaborate religious architecture.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 346
12) All of the following are consistent with Mayan civilization EXCEPT
A) long-distance trade.
B) productive economies.
C) slavery.
D) continued matriarchal society.
E) irrigation systems.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 346
13) Each Mayan center was governed by
A) the eldest female.
B) the eldest male.
C) a shaman.
D) a group of elders chosen for their wisdom.
E) a hereditary priest-king.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 347
14) Which is true of the Maya?
A) Human sacrifice was uncommon.
B) Slavery did not exist.
C) Religion dominated all features of everyday life.
D) There was no written language.
E) Wars were uncommon.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 347
15) The Mesoamerican civilization that first developed a useful and accurate social calendar with
eighteen months of twenty days and five extra days for religious festivals was the
A) Maya.
B) Pueblo Indians of the Southwest.
C) Inca.
D) Zapotec.
E) Aztec.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 347
135
16) An important ceremonial center for the Mayan people was located at
A) Chimu.
B) Quechua.
C) present-day Mexico City.
D) Mandan.
E) Tikal.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 348
17) Mesoamericaʹs classical age ended
A) due to epidemics.
B) after the Spanish arrived.
C) due to invasions of fierce people from the North.
D) due to earthquakes.
E) unknown causes.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 348
18) As the militarism of the Toltec spread from central to southern Mexico,
A) human sacrifice ended.
B) political unity resulted.
C) the population decreased.
D) Tollan became an urban complex.
E) trade ended.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 348
19) Quetzalcoatl, the Teotihuacan god,
A) was the god of a war cult.
B) became the dominant god of Mesoamerica.
C) was rejected by the king of the Toltecs.
D) opposed human sacrifice.
E) demanded human sacrifice.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 348
20) The ________ rose to dominate central Mexico during the postclassical era.
A) Hopewell
B) Aztecs
C) Mayans
D) Incas
E) Toltecs
Answer: B
Page Ref: 349
136
21) An important Aztec innovation in technology was
A) in astronomy, which established the basis for a much more accurate calendar.
B) hydraulic agriculture, which significantly increased food production.
C) the invention of the wheel.
D) the obsidian knife, which equals in sharpness modern surgical scalpels.
E) in mechanics, which made it possible to build much higher pyramids.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 349
22) The Aztec warrior who conquered neighbors and established the first recognizable Aztec state
was
A) Chichimec.
B) Anasazi.
C) Montezuma I.
D) Topiltzin.
E) Quetzalcoatl.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 350
23) The architectural wonder of artificial islands, canals, avenues, and monuments that served as
the Aztec capital was
A) Tikal.
B) Montezuma.
C) Tenochtitlan.
D) Ixoatl.
E) Cuernavaca.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 350
24) All of the following are consistent with the Aztec culture EXCEPT
A) a system of provincial government.
B) human sacrifice.
C) self-sufficiency with little trade conducted.
D) violence.
E) conquest and accumulation of wealth.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 350-351
25) Huitzilopochtli was the
A) Aztec sun god to whom sacrificial victims were offered.
B) last of the Incas, defeated by the Spaniards under Pizarro.
C) capital of the Aztec Empire.
D) religious center of the Mayan civilization.
E) Aztec ruler who made contact with the Spanish.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 351
137
26) An American civilization that extended for more than 3,500 miles north to south and that was
ruled in a more centralized fashion than any contemporary European kingdom was the
A) Toltec kingdom.
B) Inca Empire.
C) Aztec kingdom.
D) Mayan civilization.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 351
27) The American leader who became one of the most powerful people in the New World was
A) Pachacuti.
B) Montezuma II.
C) Atahualpa.
D) Topa Yupanqui.
E) Huayna Capac.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 352
28) All of the following are consistent with the Inca culture EXCEPT
A) elaborate irrigation systems.
B) women were subordinate and exploited.
C) favorable climate and geographic location.
D) an extensive road network.
E) a state-controlled economic system.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 352-354
29) The American Indian civilization that created a conscript army of 200,000 soldiers commanded
by officers who held complete authority was the
A) Aztec.
B) Mayan.
C) Zapotec.
D) Tierra del Fuegan.
E) Inca.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 355
30) All of the following are common to the Inca EXCEPT
A) soldiersʹ wives accompanied them on campaigns to carry heavy loads.
B) young males were sacrificed to the Inca gods.
C) their emperor considered himself divine.
D) women could inherit property when they were widowed.
E) nobles shared the divine mandate to rule and so maintained an elite position.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 355
138
31) Which of the following was a dominant concern of the Incas?
A) aesthetics
B) religion
C) philosophy
D) security
E) literature
Answer: D
Page Ref: 355-356
32) The Indian civilization that had no written language but kept records on knotted strings was
the ________ civilization.
A) Mayan
B) Aztec
C) Inca
D) Pueblo Indian
E) Adena
Answer: C
Page Ref: 355
33) ________ became a sacred landscape for the Inca with 400 shrines.
A) Quipus
B) Viracocha
C) Cuzco
D) Mogollon
E) Cayuga
Answer: C
Page Ref: 356
34) Who were the people who lived in the Northeast of North America?
A) Iroquois
B) Anasazi
C) Seminole
D) Hopewell
E) Hohokam
Answer: A
Page Ref: 357
35) All of the following are consistent with the Six Nations EXCEPT
A) agriculture.
B) permanent villages.
C) living in long houses.
D) importance of women and female lineage.
E) non-military traditions.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 357
139
36) We know that the Hopewell and Adena cultures had a sophisticated view of the afterlife
because
A) they constructed burial tombs out of stone.
B) they left written records.
C) they built impressive burial mounds.
D) they left cave paintings depicting an afterlife.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 358
37) Which of the following is NOT significant in the Mississippian culture?
A) brutality
B) agriculture
C) wattle and daub construction
D) hunting and gathering
E) Cahokia
Answer: D
Page Ref: 358-359
38) The ʺcliff dwellersʺ of the American Southwest were the
A) Navajo.
B) Mandan.
C) Mogollon.
D) Apache.
E) Anasazi.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 360
39) Which of the following did NOT contribute to the disappearance of the ʺcliff dwellersʺ?
A) arrival of the Europeans
B) arrival of the Navajo
C) drought
D) internecine conflicts
E) arrival of the Apache
Answer: A
Page Ref: 360
40) The Mandan Indians occupied the
A) Rocky Mountain region.
B) Canadian plains.
C) Southwest desert region.
D) Upper Missouri River Valley.
E) Mississippi River valley south of present-day St. Louis.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 361
140
41) The largest Native American group in the United States today is the
A) Seneca.
B) Oneida.
C) Mohawk.
D) Apache.
E) Navajo.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 361
42) The Inuit people
A) hunted only sea animals.
B) lived in what is today the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
C) hunted whales from their umiaks.
D) occupied only the Alaskan peninsula.
E) lived along the California coast.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 361
141
Chapter 12 The Great Dynastic Empires of Eurasia,
1300-1650
1) The ʺcementʺ that held together the multitude of warring states in Central and Southeast Asia
after 1453 was
A) Asian trading routes.
B) the Safavid Dynasty.
C) common language.
D) Islam.
E) economic interests.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 367
2) The last gasp of the Mongols was best illustrated by the conquests of
A) Abbas the Great.
B) Chinggis Khan.
C) Mehmet II.
D) Timur the Lame.
E) Bayezid I.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 367
3) The development that destroyed the advantages of the nomad cavalries of central Asia was
A) the rise of skillfully trained ground troops.
B) the introduction of firearms.
C) the walled city.
D) the elimination of steppe grasses.
E) the creation of armies consisting of professional soldiers.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 367
4) How did the Ottomans claim legitimacy of rule?
A) They were chosen by the Muslim shaykhs.
B) They claimed to be direct descendants of the last Roman emperor.
C) There was no need since they ruled by force.
D) They linked the warrior tradition with the religious authority of the sufis.
E) They claimed divine revelation.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 368
5) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Ottoman power?
A) They falsified genealogy linking them to the Prophet Muhammad
B) They regained Muslim dominance over Spain
C) The Ottomans became the most powerful of the new Muslim empires
D) Ottoman power centered in Anatolia
E) The Ottomans conquered Hungary
Answer: B
Page Ref: 368
142
6) Which of the following is consistent with Osmanʹs successors?
A) They conquered Egypt.
B) They conquered Constantinople, Romania, and the Crimea.
C) They built a powerful navy.
D) They conquered Iraq.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 368-369
7) The greatest of the Ottoman rulers was
A) Suleiman.
B) Selim.
C) Mehmet.
D) Timur.
E) Mehmed II.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 368-369
8) The Ottoman Emperor
A) lived in splendor.
B) built a wall around Jerusalem.
C) conquered Hungary by slaughtering thousands.
D) received petitions from his subjects.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 369-370
9) The ʺcircle of justiceʺ included all of the following EXCEPT
A) the state must have tax revenues.
B) the necessity of a large army.
C) the sultanʹs subjects could petition for redress of wrongs.
D) citizens were subject to arbitrary regulations.
E) subjects were to receive security.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 369
10) The ulama were
A) the Ottoman high nobility.
B) learned religious scholars.
C) army commanders.
D) members of the sultanʹs council.
E) judges.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 370
143
11) The janissaries were
A) the sultanʹs council.
B) royal administrators.
C) elite infantry corps.
D) provincial governors.
E) landowners.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 371
12) Which of the following is NOT consistent with slavery in Ottoman society?
A) Slaves were not allowed in the military.
B) Islam prohibited the enslaving of fellow Muslims.
C) Slavery was common.
D) Slaves from the Balkans who were taken as boys were considered a human tax.
E) Slave markets were scattered throughout the empire.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 372
13) The sultanʹs control over the Ottoman Empire was made stronger because the janissaries and
most of the government bureaucrats were
A) religious fanatics.
B) well educated.
C) slaves.
D) volunteers.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 372
14) All of the following were reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT
A) a decline in the quality of leadership.
B) a lack of clear hereditary succession traditions.
C) communication problems due to the size of the empire.
D) barbarian invasions.
E) rebellions among soldiers.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 373
15) What title was given to the non-Muslims within the Sultanʹs empire?
A) kadis B) dhimmis C) mufti D) jizya E) sati
Answer: B
Page Ref: 373
16) Ottoman society was divided for tax purposes between
A) wealthy subjects who paid little tax and poor subjects who paid the bulk of the taxes.
B) taxpaying subjects and military administrators.
C) religious leaders and merchants.
D) the valide sultan and the kadis or judges.
E) ethnic groups.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 373
144
17) Ottoman cultural achievements included all of the following EXCEPT
A) monumental architecture.
B) scholarship.
C) elaborate calligraphy.
D) literature.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 374
18) The most formidable enemy of the Ottoman Empire was
A) Persia. B) France. C) India. D) Austria. E) Russia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 374
19) The strength of Safavid Iran was its
A) Shiʹite nationalist movement.
B) new-style army.
C) location in North Africa.
D) ocean-going navy.
E) superior weaponry.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 374-375
20) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Ismailʹs rule?
A) attempted alliances with European rulers against the Sunni Muslims
B) conquest of Iraq
C) diplomatic missions
D) forced conversion of Sunni Muslims to Shiʹism
E) Portugalʹs regard of him as an equal
Answer: E
Page Ref: 375
21) Shah Abbas was an outstanding ruler of
A) the Mughal Empire.
B) Persia.
C) Turkistan.
D) the Ottoman Empire.
E) Iraq.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 376
22) The key to Abbasʹs military victories was
A) the use of elephants.
B) a professional class of officers.
C) his massive cavalry.
D) the use of firearms and artillery.
E) his personal command of the troops.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 377
145
23) Persia signed a commercial agreement with
A) France. B) Spain. C) Britain. D) Portugal. E) Venice.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 378
24) The item of Persian trade most coveted by Europeans was
A) jade.
B) silk.
C) ceramics.
D) woven cloth.
E) spices.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 378
25) All of the following are examples of Persian fine arts EXCEPT
A) ceramics.
B) carpets.
C) intricate geometric patterns.
D) wool cloth.
E) luxurious gardens.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 378
26) Which of the following was NOT one of the great Muslim empires of the 16th and 17th
centuries?
A) Mughal
B) Safavid
C) Ottoman
D) Mongol
Answer: D
Page Ref: 379
27) What made the Mughal Empire distinct from the Ottomans and Safavids?
A) They each had separate origins.
B) The Mughals ruled a Hindu population.
C) The Ottomans ruled without absolute power.
D) The Safavids ruled a Shinto population.
E) The Mughals and Ottomans were allies against the Safavids.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 379
28) Which one of the following laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire?
A) Chinggis Khan
B) Timur
C) Suleiman
D) Babur
E) Mahmud of Ghazni
Answer: D
Page Ref: 379
146
29) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Baburʹs reign?
A) He compiled his memoirs.
B) He built gardens.
C) He admired Indian culture.
D) He wrote poetry.
E) He admired Indian mathematics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 380
30) Akbarʹs religious policy was typified by
A) his efforts to spread Islam.
B) his persecution of all religions.
C) tolerance.
D) his suppression of Hinduism.
E) his acceptance of Christianity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 380
31) Which of the following BEST illustrates the reign of Akbar?
A) He had no concern for morality and social justice.
B) He was a patron of the arts.
C) He maintained the non-Muslim head tax, or jizya.
D) He required that his heir be Muslim.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 380
32) Akbar violated Hindu traditions when he outlawed
A) foot binding.
B) the caste system.
C) the killing of cattle.
D) the self-burning of widows, or sati.
E) inviting other religious leaders to discussions.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 380
33) Mughal India was ruled from the city of
A) Delhi. B) Agra. C) Kabul. D) Bombay. E) Madras.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 382
34) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Mughal Empire in the 17th century?
A) The cotton textile industry flourished.
B) It was the wealthiest state in the world.
C) It exported to Asia and Africa.
D) Most of the population was Muslim.
E) Cities were many and large.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 382
147
35) The early Mughal period saw a Hindu -Muslim cultural synthesis, which resulted in
A) a library of over 20,000 illustrated manuscripts.
B) a representative government.
C) a lack of industry.
D) a single language.
E) a lack of artistic development.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 382-383
36) The Taj Mahal is a(n)
A) royal garden.
B) mosque.
C) statue of the favorite wife of the Shah.
D) elaborate tomb.
E) city.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 383
37) All of the following are reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire in India EXCEPT
A) oppression of the peasants.
B) continuous civil war.
C) deficiencies in the qualities of the later Mughal rulers.
D) dependence on traditional methods of conquest and exploitation.
E) religious violence.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 383-384
38) Aurangzeb
A) weakened the Mughal Dynasty.
B) destroyed many Hindu temples.
C) was a tyrant.
D) enforced Sharia law.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 385
39) Aurangzeb was determined to
A) continue ecumenicalism.
B) impose Sunni orthodoxy.
C) overthrow the ulama.
D) move the capital to Calcutta.
E) spread Islam into China.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 385
148
40) All of the following are consistent with Mughal society EXCEPT
A) status was linked to wealth.
B) it was patriarchal.
C) the population consisted of a majority of illiterate peasants.
D) child marriage was common.
E) education for women was non-existent.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 385
41) The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires shared which significant factor?
A) ethnicity
B) customs
C) language
D) similar geography
Answer: E
Page Ref: 386
42) Kabul was an important city due to its
A) location at the pass through the Himalayas between Persia and India.
B) position as a government center.
C) industry.
D) alliance with both Iran and the Mughal Empire.
E) copper trade.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 386
43) Trade between the Eurasian empires and European nations
A) stopped completely due to recurring war.
B) resulted in goods going to Europe and cash to the Muslim kingdoms.
C) led to the economic decline of the Muslim empires.
D) was limited to silk and other textiles.
E) allowed Europe to dominate the Muslim kingdomsʹ economies.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 386
44) Which of the following from Europe were valuable in the gunpowder empires?
A) wool
B) pottery
C) iron tools
D) printed books
Answer: E
Page Ref: 380
149
Chapter 13 East Asian Cultural and Political Systems,
1300-1650
1) Which of the following is NOT significant to the decline of the Yuan dynasty?
A) famine and disease
B) oppressive taxation
C) Mongol control of government
D) lack of military discipline
E) climate change
Answer: C
Page Ref: 390
2) Which of the following does NOT apply to the Red Turbans?
A) branch of the White Lotus Society
B) religious-based rebel groups
C) began within the Yuan dynasty
D) Confucian ideas
E) Buddhist and Daoist concepts
Answer: C
Page Ref: 390
3) Mongol China was replaced by ________ China.
A) Sung B) Ming C) Manchu D) Tang E) Zhou
Answer: B
Page Ref: 390-391
4) Achievements of the early Ming period did NOT include
A) enlarging the Grand Canal.
B) annexing Korea.
C) deforesting non-Chinese tribal lands.
D) expanding the Great Wall of China.
E) expanding commercial enterprises.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 391-392
5) A key difference between the early and later Ming periods was the amount of
A) foreign involvement.
B) economic prosperity.
C) cultural achievement.
D) order and stability.
E) perpetuation of corrupt and weak practices.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 392-394
150
6) During the last two centuries of Ming rule, China
A) imitated foreigners.
B) stagnated intellectually.
C) produced very little of any cultural value.
D) continued its tradition of learning and artistic activity.
E) excelled in technological advances.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 395
7) All of the following constitute social conditions of women during the Ming dynasty EXCEPT
A) an increase in suicides.
B) encouraging widows to remarry quickly.
C) foot binding among the middle class and nobility.
D) the sale of young girls to noble men.
E) confinement to homes.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 395
8) Wang Yangming (14721528) argued against Neo-Confucianism by
A) authoring All Men Are Brothers.
B) teaching that knowledge is intuitive.
C) compiling the Yongle Encyclopedia.
D) saying that experience plays no role in knowledge.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 396
9) Ming novels differed from the classical literature by
A) including erotica.
B) describing ordinary life.
C) using colloquial language.
D) being more accessible to a large number of readers.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 396
10) The major artistic achievement of the Ming dynasty was
A) porcelain.
B) architecture.
C) poetry.
D) music.
E) the introduction of formalism.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 397
151
11) All of the following were major problems facing the later Ming emperors EXCEPT
A) urban unrest.
B) inflation.
C) the success of Christianity in China.
D) production lagging behind the rising population.
E) corruption.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 397
12) Europe affected China under the Ming dynasty in all of the following ways EXCEPT through
A) Jesuit advisers.
B) musicians and painters at the Ming court.
C) artillery.
D) traders in Chinese ports.
E) secular knowledge.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 397
13) Ming China fell in the mid-17th century to the
A) Japanese.
B) Manchus.
C) Koreans.
D) Mongols.
E) Portuguese.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 397
14) Qin Liangyu, a general,
A) became the last Ming emperor.
B) was unable to stop local rebellion.
C) was known as corrupt.
D) fought the Huns.
E) fought the Manchus and became a well-known poet.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 397
15) The predominant foreign cultural influence in Korea was
A) Chinese.
B) Mongolian.
C) Indian.
D) Japanese.
E) Oceania.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 399
152
16) Generally Korea was ruled by
A) scholars.
B) soldiers.
C) landowners.
D) merchants.
E) foreigners.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 399
17) All of the following are consistent with the Choson Dynasty of Korea EXCEPT
A) extension of northern borders.
B) declaration of Confucianism as the state religion.
C) redistribution of land among peasants.
D) an intellectual revolution.
E) inheritance and succession followed the male line.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 399-400
18) The Neo-Confucian revival in Korea
A) freed women from societal restrictions.
B) encouraged popular uprisings.
C) meant lower taxes.
D) ended publication of literature.
E) created a Korean writing system.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 400
19) Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the Japanese invasion of Korea in
1592?
A) Japan desired a continental empire.
B) The Choson military was not effective.
C) The Korean people rose up to defend Korea.
D) Japan had guns but Korea did not.
E) Japan was victorious.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 401
20) The end of the Ming dynasty caused Korea to
A) be annexed by Japan.
B) accept Manchu overlordship and great cruelty.
C) ally with Japan against the Chinese.
D) declare its independence.
E) flourish culturally.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 402
153
21) Whereas the Japanese emperor symbolized national unity, real political power in Japan rested
with the
A) shoguns.
B) samurai.
C) merchants.
D) daimyo.
E) villages.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 402
22) The Japanese soldier responsible for ending the Japanese civil war in the early 17th century
was
A) Oda Nobunaga.
B) Kyushu.
C) Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
D) Tokugawa Ieyasu.
E) Ashikaga.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 402
23) All of the following are accurate descriptions of Japanese society during the Warring States
period EXCEPT
A) Villages became democratic as freedom from constant control by warriors and aristocrats
increased.
B) Farm women had to be subordinate to their husbands.
C) Elite womenʹs status declined.
D) In 1574, 20,000 Buddhists were murdered.
E) Mt. Hiei, a 700-year-old temple, was destroyed.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 403
24) Which of the following is the BEST example of Muromachi architecture?
A) Himeji castle
B) Silver Pavilion
C) Toyotomi Hideyoshi castle
D) Oda Nobunaga castle
E) the city of Edo
Answer: B
Page Ref: 404
25) Christian missionaries established a significant presence in Japan in partnership with
A) European traders.
B) Zen Buddhists.
C) invading European armies.
D) the Japanese emperor.
E) the shogun.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 405
154
26) Tokugawa Ieyasu
A) replanted the forests.
B) did not construct roads or canals.
C) received the Kanto Plain, which was a very productive region.
D) began to conserve natural resources.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 406
27) By the mid-17th century, Japan had embarked on all of the following courses in its history
EXCEPT
A) cultural isolation.
B) intellectual conservatism.
C) political centralization.
D) commercial aggressiveness.
E) sakoku.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 407-409
28) All Europeans were driven out of Japan EXCEPT the
A) Spanish.
B) French.
C) Russians.
D) Italians.
E) Dutch.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 408
29) The general character of Southeast Asian civilization was
A) a concentration on Chinese culture to the exclusion of all others.
B) a single, unified culture.
C) a concentration on Indian culture to the exclusion of all others.
D) contending cultures and states.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 408
30) A major factor hampering the development of Southeast Asia was
A) religion.
B) lack of resources.
C) geographical location.
D) national competition.
E) foreign invasion.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 408
155
31) European influence before 1650 in Southeast Asia was
A) negligible.
B) more dramatic on the mainland.
C) felt most in Burma.
D) felt most in Indonesia.
E) complete.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 408
32) The Southeastern Asia country formerly known as Siam is
A) Burma.
B) Cambodia.
C) Thailand.
D) Vietnam.
E) Malaya.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 409
33) From its base in Indonesia, ________ spread throughout the islands of southeast Asia.
A) Islam
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Christianity
E) Dutch commercialism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 408
34) All of the following are true of Vietnam EXCEPT
A) it was under Chinese control for a millennium.
B) it used Chinese script.
C) it repulsed the Mongol attacks.
D) it was unable to expel the Ming.
E) it was committed to being free of Chinaʹs dominance.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 409-410
35) Before the European arrival in Indonesia, the busiest port in Asia was
A) Hong Kong.
B) Malacca.
C) Canton.
D) Java.
E) Pahang.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 411
36) The first European nation to become an important factor in Southeast Asia was
A) Spain. B) Portugal. C) England. D) Holland. E) France.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 412
156
37) The ________ replaced the Muslims as the most powerful merchants in Indonesia.
A) Portuguese
B) Dutch
C) Spanish
D) French
E) English
Answer: B
Page Ref: 412
157
Chapter 14 European Cultural
and Religious Transformations
1) In the three centuries prior to the 14th century, Europe experienced
A) religious upheaval.
B) famine.
C) improved agricultural production.
D) population decline.
E) an increase in arable land.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 416
2) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Bubonic Plague?
A) originated in Europe and spread throughout Asia and Northern Africa
B) also known as the Black Death
C) an infectious disease carried by bacteria
D) devastated cities
E) brought social and cultural upheaval
Answer: A
Page Ref: 416
3) Results of the Bubonic Plague included
A) improved sanitation.
B) anti-Semitism.
C) The Hundred Yearsʹ War.
D) the enforcement of traditional social patterns.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 416
4) Beneficiaries of the Plague ultimately included all of the following EXCEPT
A) the Catholic Church.
B) rural workers.
C) land owners.
D) urban, skilled craftsmen.
E) wage earners.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 416
5) In the 16th century, the transition from medieval to modern times was especially difficult for
A) peasants.
B) central Europe.
C) women.
D) unemployed.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 417
158
6) The practice of usury means
A) paying a tithe to the Church.
B) receiving a ʺjust price.ʺ
C) establishing cottage industries.
D) charging interest or excess interest on loans.
E) canon law.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 417
7) Which book is regarded as the culmination of medieval intellectual tradition?
A) the Decameron
B) Gargantua
C) the Divine Comedy
D) The Book of the City Ladies
E) The Book of the City of Ladies
Answer: C
Page Ref: 417
8) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Canterbury Tales?
A) satire
B) a defense of womenʹs significance in society
C) written in the vernacular
D) Geoffrey Chaucer
E) personality profiles
Answer: B
Page Ref: 417
9) The early humanists are best described as
A) artists interested in the glorification of God.
B) restless free-thinkers interested in doing away with all religion.
C) dissatisfied priests interested in reform of the Church.
D) scholars interested in translating classical literature.
E) artists who emphasized religious themes.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 420
10) The Renaissance originated in
A) the cities of northern Italy.
B) England.
C) the Holy Roman Empire.
D) the cities of southern Italy.
E) Greece.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 420
159
11) Which of the following developments in the 12th and 13th centuries gave rise to forces that
culminated in the Renaissance?
A) increased commerce and the revival of a money economy
B) the emergence of a new middle class in towns
C) the rise of self-governing communes
D) population increase
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 420
12) Leading citizens of the Italian city-states during the Renaissance
A) were unwilling to participate in local government.
B) often patronized the arts.
C) desired to see all of Italy united under the Papal authority.
D) considered money lending an unworthy occupation.
E) allied themselves with the French.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 420
13) What family controlled Florentine politics for most of the 15th century?
A) Medici
B) Valois
C) Habsburgs
D) Borgias
E) Boccaccio
Answer: A
Page Ref: 422
14) Which of the following was NOT characteristic of the Italian Renaissance?
A) advocating for the Roman concept of a liberal education
B) an interest in the literature of classical Greece and Rome
C) a focus on the importance of human life in this world
D) a pervasive feeling of the worthlessness of the present
E) conspicuous displays of wealth
Answer: D
Page Ref: 422
15) The father of Italian humanism was
A) Petrarch.
B) Lorenzo Valla.
C) Marsilio Ficino.
D) Dante.
E) Machiavelli.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 422
160
16) Boccaccioʹs Decameron
A) discredits Petrarch.
B) offers a vivid look at Renaissance life.
C) was the humanistsʹ attempt to recover classical antiquity.
D) was written in Greek.
E) emphasized classical mythology.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 422
17) Working at the library of Cosimo deʹ Medici in Florence, Marsilio Ficino
A) placed an emphasis on Platoʹs admiration of human reason.
B) subjected the Catholic Church to a re-examination of its dogma.
C) studied Cicero and Aristotle.
D) wrote the first Bible in the vernacular.
E) discredited the concept of free will.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 423
18) Aristotelianism at the University of Padua fostered
A) a mysticism that inspired reform of the Church.
B) a secular rationalism and experimentalism that led to the emergence of modern scientific
methods.
C) conservative attitudes toward science that inhibited progress.
D) severe criticism of the Catholic Church.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 424
19) Which of the following artists, straddling the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, occupies a
transitional position in the history of painting?
A) Giotto
B) Andrea Mantegna
C) Masaccio
D) Michelangelo
E) Donatello
Answer: A
Page Ref: 424
20) Botticelliʹs painting
A) inspired imagination and emotion.
B) was the first of the Renaissance to include nudes.
C) remained unpopular.
D) mimicked Masaccio.
E) discontinued the use of decorative backgrounds.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 425
161
21) Donatello excelled in the field of
A) philosophy.
B) architecture.
C) sculpture.
D) painting.
E) music.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 425
22) The great triad of High Renaissance painters consists of
A) Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci.
B) Raphael, Michelangelo, and Masaccio.
C) Michelangelo, Masaccio, and Botticelli.
D) Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo.
E) Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, and Raphael.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 426
23) Who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper?
A) Michelangelo
B) Titian
C) da Vinci
D) Raphael
E) Masaccio
Answer: C
Page Ref: 426
24) Who is considered the master of perfect design and balanced composition?
A) Buonarroti
B) Raphael
C) Michelangelo
D) da Vinci
E) Parmigianino
Answer: B
Page Ref: 427
25) Which of the following should NOT be associated with Michelangelo?
A) work on the present Saint Peterʹs
B) paintings in the Sistine Chapel
C) designs for new roads
D) studies of male nudes
E) David
Answer: C
Page Ref: 427-428
162
26) Mannerism was typified by all of the following EXCEPT
A) balanced composition.
B) an effort to shock the viewer.
C) a revolt against classical serenity.
D) illustration of no logic of structure.
E) an expression of each artistʹs inner vision.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 428
27) The diffusion of humanistic and other learning was greatly aided by the
A) European discovery of paper and movable type.
B) end of censorship by Church authorities.
C) development of the miniscule form of writing.
D) construction of new roads across the Alps.
E) sympathetic centralized European government.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 429
28) The first book printed using the new movable type was
A) Cervantesʹ Don Quixote.
B) the Bible.
C) the Qurʹan.
D) Moreʹs Utopia.
E) Rabelaisʹ Gargantua and Pantagruel.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 429
29) All of the following were effects of the printing press EXCEPT
A) the circulation of controversial material increased.
B) the availability of inexpensive books.
C) Chinese and Muslim empires adopted new learning.
D) new ideas caused intellectual growth.
E) an increase in literacy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 429
30) Gargantua and Pantagruel by the French humanist Rabelais
A) made powerful attacks on the abuses of the Catholic Church.
B) remains the most praised of Renaissance poetry.
C) advocated tolerance.
D) was banned.
E) supported traditional political systems.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 429
163
31) The northern humanist who developed the essay as a literary form was
A) Sir Thomas More.
B) Michel de Montaigne.
C) Ulrich von Hutten.
D) François Rabelais.
E) Desiderius Erasmus.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 429
32) An outstanding German humanist patriot was
A) Albrecht Dürer.
B) Ulrich von Hutten.
C) Hans Holbein.
D) Jan van Eyck.
E) Johann Musser.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 429
33) Cervantesʹ masterpiece, Don Quixote de la Mancha, is a satire about
A) knighthood and chivalry.
B) the humanistsʹ fascination with classical antiquity.
C) the middle class.
D) the Church and its ceremony.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 429—430
34) William Shakespeare first became the supreme figure in English literature during the reign of
A) Mary Tudor.
B) Elizabeth I.
C) Henry VII.
D) Henry VIII.
E) James I.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 430
35) In addition to being the author of thirty-seven plays, William Shakespeare has been judged
the foremost English writer of
A) essays.
B) epic poems.
C) sonnets.
D) songs.
E) political satire.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 430
164
36) William Shakespeareʹs works reflect the Renaissance concern for
A) the Last Judgment and afterlife.
B) religion.
C) chivalry.
D) humanity and the world.
E) wealth.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 431
37) The artist who perfected the technique of oil painting, enabling him to paint with greater
realism and detail, was
A) Pieter Brueghel the Elder.
B) Jan van Eyck.
C) Albrecht Dürer.
D) Hans Holbein.
E) Hieronymous.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 431
38) A German painter celebrated for his many engravings and woodcuts was
A) Hans Holbein.
B) Jan van Eyck.
C) Pieter Brueghel the Elder.
D) Albrecht Dürer.
E) Johann Gutenberg.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 431
39) A German painter famous for his portraits was
A) Albrecht Dürer.
B) Pieter Brueghel the Elder.
C) Hans Holbein.
D) Jan van Eyck.
E) Erasmus.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 432
40) Boschʹs triptych, The Garden of Delights, reflects his obsession with
A) morality, sin, and hell.
B) pleasure and hedonism.
C) food.
D) botany.
E) classic art forms.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 433
165
41) The intellectual life of Europe during the first half of the 16th century was dominated by
A) Desiderius Erasmus.
B) William Shakespeare.
C) Sir Thomas More.
D) Ulrich von Hutten.
E) Islam
Answer: A
Page Ref: 433
42) Erasmus produced
A) a Greek edition of the New Testament.
B) a new edition of the Codex Justinianus.
C) a vernacular edition of the Bible.
D) a Hebrew edition of the Old Testament.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 433
43) Northern humanists broadened their interest in classical literature to include works by
A) Hellenic Greek authors.
B) Hellenistic authors.
C) early Christians.
D) authors of the Roman Republic.
E) Islamic scholars.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 433
44) Which of the following does NOT mark the Renaissance as a major turning point in Western
civilization?
A) the decline of feudalism
B) the demand for the breakup of the Catholic Church
C) the decline in scholasticism
D) an emphasis on Oriental intellectual philosophies.
E) an emphasis on individualism
Answer: B
Page Ref: 428-434
45) Sir Thomas Moreʹs Utopia was
A) a very popular satire of the European ruling class.
B) an English edition of the New Testament.
C) the first description of an ideal state since Platoʹs Republic.
D) a reflection of everyday life in a vulgar and slapstick fashion.
E) a defense of Henry VIII.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 433
166
46) Contributions of one-tenth of oneʹs income to the Church
A) were used to assist the poor of individual parishes.
B) were not required by secular law.
C) were known as tithes.
D) were shared by kings.
E) originated in the Byzantine Empire.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 434
47) The bull Unam Sanctam issued by Boniface VIII
A) stated that all rulers were subject to the spiritual power of the pope.
B) limited the authority of the papal courts.
C) forced the church to pay taxes.
D) established Avignon as the papal headquarters.
E) was supported by Philip IV.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 434
48) The medieval pope who unsuccessfully sought to control Philip the Fair of France was
A) Urban II.
B) Boniface VIII.
C) Clement IV.
D) Innocent III.
E) Leo X.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 434
49) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Babylonian Captivity of the Church?
A) Due to the death of Boniface VIII, France remained the papal headquarters for the next
century.
B) New church taxes were added.
C) It gave ammunition to the critics of the Church who accused it of moral corruption.
D) The papal headquarters were moved to France.
E) The papal bureaucracy was expanded.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 434
50) Which of the following is NOT significant to John Wycliffeʹs theology?
A) monarchs accountable only to God
B) seven sacraments
C) role of the popes unimportant
D) primacy of the Bible
E) God touches each person
Answer: B
Page Ref: 434-435
167
51) John Wycliffeʹs beliefs continued in England after his death due to
A) the Hussites.
B) the Lollards.
C) religious toleration.
D) the Conciliar Movement.
E) the Council of Constance.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 435
52) Which of the following is NOT consistent with John Hus?
A) He preached against clerical abuses.
B) He was excommunicated.
C) He was burned at the stake as a heretic.
D) He preceded Wycliffe.
E) He preached in the vernacular.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 435
53) Since 1059 the pope of the Roman Catholic Church has been chosen by
A) the government of Italy.
B) the College of Cardinals.
C) the dominant secular power of Europe.
D) members of the Catholic faith.
E) the people of Rome.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 435
54) The period between 1377 and 1417, when there were two and sometimes three rival Popes,
was known as the
A) Protestant revolt.
B) Conciliar Movement.
C) Great Schism.
D) Babylonian Captivity.
E) Reformation.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 435
55) Failure of the Conciliar Movement within the Catholic Church meant
A) lay control of the Papacy.
B) regular meeting of councils to reform the Church.
C) eventual loss of many European countries to Protestantism.
D) weakening of secular rulers.
E) loss of power for the Pope.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 435
168
56) Which of the following did NOT contribute to a weakening papacy?
A) British attack on Rome
B) Charles V
C) Habsburgs
D) the rulers of Venice
E) the merchants of Florence
Answer: A
Page Ref: 436
57) In 1500, the most religious believers were
A) illiterate.
B) followers of the Dominicans.
C) members of the middle class.
D) humanist reformers.
E) members of the nobility.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 436
58) Public opinion concerning the need for reform in religious themes was mobilized by
A) monks.
B) printing presses.
C) scholastics.
D) local secular rulers.
E) parish priests.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 437
59) Which of these beliefs is NOT consistent with the teaching of St. Augustine?
A) Salvation is achieved through good works.
B) Faith is more important than reason.
C) Humans are depraved sinners.
D) Faith in Godʹs mercy is necessary for salvation.
E) Personal repentance offers salvation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 437
60) Which of the following best describes Martin Luther prior to 1517?
A) He was obsessed with hell and the devil.
B) He followed the teachings of the Jesuits.
C) He was committed to reforming the Catholic Church.
D) He was raised by non-Christian parents.
E) He was a parish priest.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 437
169
61) Indulgences were
A) petitions to the local priest.
B) sacraments of the Catholic Church.
C) sold by churchmen as guarantees of release from purgatory.
D) sacrifices made to atone for sins.
E) individual repentances for sins.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 437
62) Luther believed that salvation could be gained only by
A) performing acts of charity.
B) receiving the sacraments.
C) venerating the relics of saints.
D) faith.
E) priestly intervention.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 438
63) ʺA penny in the box, a soul out of purgatoryʺ refers to
A) the attempt to buy a deceased family memberʹs way to heaven.
B) Pope Leo Xʹs attempt to build St. Peterʹs Basilica in Rome.
C) Johann Tetzelʹs sale of indulgences.
D) the Archbishop of Mainzʹs efforts to raise funds.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 438
64) Why did Martin Luther and the Germans find Johann Tetzel objectionable?
A) his condemnation of the Germans
B) the sale of indulgences
C) his connections to France
D) his connection to the Pope
E) his failure to present himself as a representative of the Church
Answer: B
Page Ref: 438
65) Lutherʹs Ninety-Five Theses were written
A) on the subject of abuses within the Catholic church.
B) as arguments against heresy.
C) to incite the peasants to revolt.
D) in defense of transubstantiation.
E) to cause a rebellion within the Catholic Church.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 438
170
66) Lutheranism did all of the following EXCEPT
A) satisfy those who wanted to return to a simple faith.
B) give the Holy Roman Emperor a weapon to use against the pope .
C) provide an outlet for German resentment against Rome.
D) appeal to those who were aroused by Church abuses.
E) give German princes encouragement to seek political independence.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 438
67) In a debate at Leipzig in 1519, Luther proclaimed the only doctrinal authority to be
A) Scripture.
B) church councils.
C) tradition.
D) the Pope.
E) the College of Cardinals.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 438-439
68) Luther might have been burned at the stake as a heretic had he NOT won the support of
A) Frederick, Elector of Saxony.
B) John Eck.
C) the Dominicans.
D) Charles V.
E) an influential group of laity.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 439
69) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Lutherʹs early church?
A) Salvation can occur only through faith.
B) Humans must maintain a subordinate loyalty to earthly governments
C) Church services conducted in German
D) Clerical celibacy enforced for all clergy members.
E) Monasteries were abolished.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 439
70) Lutherʹs role in the German peasant revolt of 15241525 provides a good example of his
A) pacifist nature.
B) contempt for the power of the nobility.
C) compassion for the lower classes.
D) respect for authority and his political conservatism.
E) attempt to reform social ills.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 440
171
71) The Schmalkaldic League was
A) an alliance of peasants who desired better circumstances.
B) an alliance of Habsburg supporters in the Holy Roman Empire.
C) an anti-Turkish alliance.
D) an alliance of Lutheran princes who opposed Charles V.
E) dissolved upon the death of Luther.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 440
72) The Peace of Augsburg, which ended the first phase of the Reformation, also encouraged the
A) consolidation of Habsburg authority in the Holy Roman Empire.
B) growth of Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire.
C) political disunification of the Holy Roman Empire.
D) creation of religious uniformity in the Holy Roman Empire.
E) growth of the papacyʹs power.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 440
73) All of the following countries became heavily Lutheran EXCEPT
A) Denmark.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) Sweden.
E) Norway.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 440
74) In England, the break with Rome was led by the
A) Archbishop of York.
B) Archbishop of Canterbury.
C) king.
D) people.
E) Parliament.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 440
75) The immediate reason for the English Reformation was
A) disagreement over the number of sacraments.
B) refusal to accept papal infallibility.
C) Henry VIIIʹs demand to control religious appointments.
D) the popeʹs refusal to allow Henry VIII to divorce his wife.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 440
172
76) Thomas Cranmer was
A) an Albigensian heretic.
B) an outstanding English humanist.
C) the archbishop of Canterbury who backed Henry VIII in his religious policy.
D) the representative from Rome who was executed by Henry VIII for opposing his divorce.
E) an English noble who led a rebellion against Henry VIII.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 441
77) The basic beliefs of the Anglican Church during the reign of Henry VIII are found in
A) the Six Articles.
B) the Canterbury Creed.
C) Acts of Devotion.
D) the Book of Exercises.
E) In Defense of the Church of England.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 443
78) Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and wife of Philip II of Spain, sought to
A) end religious persecution in England.
B) push England toward a more radical Protestant faith.
C) restore Catholicism in England by ruthless means.
D) return England to the church of her father.
E) avoid the crown.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 443
79) The leader of the Protestant revolt in Switzerland was
A) John Tetzel.
B) Albrecht Dürer.
C) Martin Luther.
D) Ulrich Zwingli.
E) John Calvin.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 444
80) By declaring itself independent from its bishop and its secular ruler, ________ became a
hotbed of Protestantism, thereby triggering a religious war.
A) Geneva B) Bern C) Lucerne D) Zurich E) Basel
Answer: A
Page Ref: 444
81) In 1536, John Calvin published
A) a Greek edition of the New Testament.
B) Spiritual Exercises.
C) The Education of a Christian Prince.
D) Institutes of the Christian Religion.
E) a German Bible.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 444
173
82) A committee of clergy and lay members that surveyed the private lives of members of
Calvinist congregations was the
A) Inquisition.
B) Committee of Public Safety.
C) Consistory.
D) synod.
E) church council.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 444
83) Michael Servetus was
A) the founder of the Society of Jesus.
B) a German who debated religion with Luther.
C) a Spanish theologian burned at the stake as a heretic by Calvinists.
D) the leader of the Schmalkaldic League.
E) a supported of the Calvinists.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 444
84) Anabaptists
A) believed in the unity of government and religion.
B) opposed the Calvinists.
C) believed in adult baptism.
D) were non-Christian.
E) became dominant in England.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 444
85) All of the following are consistent with the teachings of John Calvin EXCEPT
A) religious inferiority of women.
B) education of youth.
C) representative government.
D) predestination.
E) the human purpose was to honor God.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 445
86) Huguenots were
A) English Catholics.
B) French Calvinists.
C) Dutch Lutherans.
D) Swiss Anabaptists.
E) German Protestants.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 445
174
87) Calvinism advocated all of the following EXCEPT
A) the non-belief in the existence of Satan.
B) the recognition of the Bible as supreme law.
C) members should disregard any government that denied the freedom to follow Christ.
D) Godʹs purposes were beyond human understanding.
E) believers waged a constant war against Satan.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 445
88) All of the following were heavily influenced by Calvinism EXCEPT
A) Spain.
B) France.
C) Netherlands.
D) Scotland.
E) Switzerland.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 445
89) Which of the following is NOT true of the ʺregime of saintsʺ led by John of Leyden?
A) They planned to convert the world
B) They advocated the seizure of private property
C) They practiced polygamy
D) Catholic women who resisted forced marriage to Protestants were executed.
E) They remained obedient to secular authority
Answer: E
Page Ref: 446-447
90) The theocratic state established by the Anabaptists of Münster applied capital punishment in
which of the following cases?
A) adultery
B) cursing God
C) cursing the government
D) cursing Godʹs word
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 447
91) For a time in the 1490s, Savonarola imposed his religious views on the city of
A) Naples. B) Milan. C) Florence. D) Venice. E) Paris.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 448
92) The reforming Pope was
A) Leo X.
B) Julius II.
C) Paul III.
D) Clement VII.
E) Martin IV.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 448
175
93) The Council of Trent was important because it
A) affirmed Catholic teachings after years of Protestant challenges.
B) marked the start of what is called the conciliar movement.
C) was the first general council ever held by the Catholic Church.
D) allowed Catholics to break away from Romeʹs leadership.
E) ended dissent within the Catholic Church.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 448
94) The founder of the Society of Jesus was
A) Savonarola.
B) Cardinal Ximenes.
C) Saint Theresa.
D) Ignatius Loyola.
E) St. Augustine.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 448
95) The Catholic Reformation reached a climax in the
A) creation of the Inquisition in Rome.
B) creation of the Society of Jesus.
C) meeting of the Council of Trent.
D) the infallibility of the pope.
E) Catholic Tribunal.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 448
96) Which of the following changes occurred due to the Council of Trent?
A) The powers of the papacy were reduced.
B) The doctrine recognized that only faith was necessary for salvation.
C) The vernacular languages were to be used in mass rather than Latin.
D) More seminaries were established to educate priests.
E) The office of the Pope was abolished.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 448
97) A major factor checking the spread of Protestantism in many areas was the
A) development of the Carmelites.
B) controversy over Zwingli.
C) activity of the Jesuits.
D) reaction against Calvinism.
E) activity of John Calvin.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 448
176
98) After the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church became
A) a global church.
B) fewer in the number of members.
C) secondary to the Protestant sects.
D) the sponsor of numerous crusades against Islam.
E) the one true faith.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 449
177
Chapter 15 State Development in Europe
1) Which of the following was NOT a significant factor in causing the Hundred Yearsʹ War?
A) religious hatreds
B) territorial ambitions
C) a dispute over the crown of France
D) economic rivalries
E) desire for a centralized France under a monarchy in Paris
Answer: A
Page Ref: 454
2) The weapon that the British used successfully against the French in the Hundred Yearsʹ War
was the
A) cross bow
B) gunpowder
C) long bow
D) lance
E) musket
Answer: C
Page Ref: 454
3) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Joan of Arc?
A) inspired by divine voices
B) the birth of French nationalism
C) the revival of the French military effort
D) hanged for bewitching the British soldiers
E) a spirit of invincibility
Answer: D
Page Ref: 455
4) The besieged city rescued by Joan of Arc in 1429 was
A) Orléans. B) Reims. C) Arc. D) Calais. E) Paris.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 455
5) Which of the following was NOT a result of the Hundred Yearsʹ War for France?
A) national consciousness
B) a stronger Estates-General
C) consolidation of royal power
D) reduction of the noble familiesʹ power
E) subject-sovereign relationship to replace feudal ties
Answer: B
Page Ref: 455
178
6) The advent of the Tudor kings of England resulted in
A) national unity.
B) the end of the War of Roses.
C) the popular reign of Henry VII.
D) security.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 455
7) The rulers of Spain who finally completed the unification of that country were
A) Ferdinand and Isabella.
B) Charles and Isabelle.
C) Don Quixote and Queen Elizabeth.
D) Philip II and Bloody Mary.
E) Philip IV and Queen Mary.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 455
8) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Spanish Inquisition?
A) confiscated property of the Jews and Muslims
B) enhanced power of the Spanish crown
C) conquest of Poland
D) exile of Spanish Jews
E) neglect of the Cortes
Answer: C
Page Ref: 455
9) Reconquista refers to
A) the unification of Germany.
B) the founding of the Holy Roman Empire.
C) the removal of the Muslims from Spain.
D) the removal of the Magyars from Germany.
E) the crowning of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 456
10) The Reconquista of 1492 accomplished
A) the dominance of the middle class.
B) the exploration of the New World.
C) the defeat of the last Moorish state on the Iberian Peninsula.
D) the re-emergence of the Cortes.
E) a weakened Spanish monarchy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 455-456
179
11) The first European nation to establish a global trading empire was
A) France.
B) Spain.
C) Portugal.
D) Britain.
E) Holland.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 456
12) Central Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries was a region of conflict for all the following
reasons EXCEPT
A) ethnicity.
B) economics.
C) politics.
D) religion.
E) national loyalties.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 456
13) The Hanseatic League involved
A) southern Europe.
B) northern Europe.
C) France and Germany.
D) the Iberian peninsula.
E) the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 456
14) The Golden Bull of 1356
A) divided Portugal from Spain.
B) created the Holy Roman Empire.
C) suppressed heresy in Italy.
D) established a ʺconstitutionʺ for Germany.
E) added Austrian lands to northeastern France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 457
15) The Habsburgs were the royal family of
A) Italy.
B) Russia.
C) Germany.
D) Austria.
E) Poland.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 457
180
16) The Habsburgs extended their political power using
A) marriage.
B) war.
C) political alliances.
D) terror.
E) blackmail.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 457
17) The Saint Gothard Pass was significant because
A) it controlled the military route between Vienna and Rome.
B) it was the only pass in the Alps.
C) it allowed commercial exchange between Spain and France.
D) it controlled the overland trade route between northern Europe and Italy.
E) it allowed the French military access to Austria.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 458
18) Which of the following is NOT an accurate assessment of the years between 1300 and 1500 in
Italy?
A) Mercenary armies were hired by conflicting cities.
B) France helped stabilize Italy.
C) Sicily and the Papal States lost economic dominance.
D) The Treaty of Lodi indicated the possibility of unity.
E) City-states had their own political and diplomatic structures.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 458
19) All of the following peoples made up northeastern Europe EXCEPT
A) Czechs.
B) Poles.
C) Austrians.
D) Hungarians.
E) Lithuanians.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 458
20) Poland weakened after Casimir the Great because
A) its military was defeated.
B) it remained pagan.
C) it lacked material resources.
D) it was a land-locked nation.
E) the nobility regained political strength.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 459
181
21) Which of the following is an accurate description of the Czech people?
A) The Czechs had no commercial ties with Germany.
B) Most of the indigenous Czechs lived as serfs.
C) The Czechs lived an urban lifestyle.
D) The Czechs suffered greatly from the Black Death.
E) They failed to defend themselves during the 14th and 15th centuries.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 459
22) The ________ did NOT threaten the stability and prosperity of Hungarians, Poles, and Czechs.
A) Russians
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Swedes
D) British
E) Austrians
Answer: D
Page Ref: 460
23) The last pagan country of Europe was
A) Bulgaria.
B) Lithuania.
C) Romania.
D) Finland.
E) Poland.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 459
24) Why did the Catholic Church send four crusades against Prague?
A) Lutheranism
B) Liberum Veto
C) the Hussite Church
D) an attempt by Casimir the Great to separate from the papacy
Answer: C
Page Ref: 459
25) After the kingship of Mathias Corvinus, Hungary was defeated by ________ and divided.
A) the Ottoman Empire
B) Russia
C) Serbia
D) Austria
E) Poland
Answer: A
Page Ref: 460
182
26) The growth of the stronger national monarchies
A) spread antireligious feelings.
B) made no difference to the Churchʹs position in society.
C) undermined the power of the papacy.
D) sustained the power of the papacy.
E) increased the power of the Catholic Church.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 459-460
27) What was the importance of the Peace of Augsburg?
A) It allowed the imperial princes of northern and central Europe to choose either
Lutheranism or Catholicism.
B) It established the supremacy of the papacy.
C) It created a unified central Europe.
D) It ended the sporadic warfare between England and France.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 460
28) Charles V divided his empire between
A) Philip II and Ferdinand II.
B) Philip II and Ferdinand I.
C) Henry II and Ferdinand I.
D) Philip II and Mary Tudor.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 461
29) The English monarch married to the Spanish king in the 1550s was
A) Mary Stuart.
B) Elizabeth I.
C) Mary Tudor.
D) Elizabeth II.
E) Ann of Cleves.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 461
30) Which of the following was NOT an achievement of Philip II?
A) He married Elizabeth I of Britain.
B) He was able to shed the ʺGerman Problem.ʺ
C) He married Queen Mary of Britain.
D) He declared bankruptcy of Spain.
E) Business and trade were so heavily regulated that revenues were limited.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 461
183
31) All of the following circumstances caused Philip II economic problems EXCEPT
A) the reliance on specie from the Americas.
B) the underproduction of food.
C) the presence of large unskilled Arab and Jewish populations.
D) tax-exempted nobilities.
E) weak financial and industrial infrastructures.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 461
32) The group that reacted most aggressively to Philipʹs policies of Catholic uniformity was the
A) Calvinists.
B) Lutherans.
C) businessmen.
D) peasants.
E) Muslims.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 462
33) The Duke of Alva did all of the following to increase Spanish control over the Netherlands
EXCEPT
A) centralize church administration.
B) confer with the nobility.
C) impose a sales tax.
D) set up a special tribunal.
E) force 100,000 people to flee.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 463
34) The great national hero of the Netherlands and leader of the revolt against Spanish rule was
A) the Count of Hornes.
B) the Count of Egmont.
C) the Duke of Anjou.
D) William of Orange.
E) the Duke of Normandy.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 463
35) Which of the following was responsible for some of the most terrible atrocities to be inflicted
on the Dutch?
A) Spain B) England C) France D) Austria E) Sweden
Answer: A
Page Ref: 463
184
36) The Habsburg-French conflict of the early 16th century was ended in 1559 by the
A) Peace of Westphalia.
B) Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis.
C) Peace of Augsburg.
D) Pacification of Ghent.
E) Council of Trent.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 463
37) Which of the following statements about Calvinist strength in France is NOT true?
A) Calvinism attracted many urban merchants.
B) By the 1590s, the king had stamped out Calvinism.
C) By the 1560s, there were about 1 million Huguenots.
D) Many rural nobles supported Calvinism.
E) They were well organized with competent military leaders.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 463
38) The ʺSt. Bartholomewʹs Eve Massacreʺ refers to the
A) attacks on Dutch Catholics.
B) killing of French Huguenots.
C) assaults on English Calvinists.
D) crushing of Bohemian Protestants.
E) murder of the Bourbon royal family.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 464
39) In her dealings with Philip II of Spain, Elizabeth of Englandʹs first policy was
A) confrontation.
B) belligerence.
C) evasion.
D) alliance.
E) marriage.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 464
40) The ________ believed the theology and worship services of the Church of England to be NOT
in accord with Holy Scripture.
A) Lollards
B) Puritans
C) Huguenots
D) Bourbons
Answer: B
Page Ref: 465
185
41) A particular strength of Queen Elizabeth I was her
A) ability to set aside her personal beliefs for the interests of the nation.
B) marriage to the King of Spain.
C) political alliances throughout Europe.
D) loyalty to the Church of England.
E) strong family ties.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 465
42) By the end of Queen Elizabethʹs reign, England
A) was the most prosperous state in Europe.
B) was heavily in debt.
C) was no longer the financial center of Europe.
D) was threatened by a Catholic plot led by Mary Stuart.
E) was weakened by rebellion.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 465
43) The most potent military force in the Mediterranean world in the first half of the 16th century
was
A) Turkey. B) Venice. C) Italy. D) Spain. E) Naples.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 465
44) In 1571, Philip II defeated the Turks decisively at
A) Lepanto.
B) Malta.
C) Vienna.
D) Tripoli.
E) Gibraltar.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 465
45) One of the challenges existing for Queen Elizabeth I that still eludes solution is
A) Spain.
B) Holland.
C) Ireland.
D) Scotland.
E) Wales.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 464
46) Which of the following factors was NOT responsible for the failure of the Spanish Armada?
A) smaller and more maneuverable English ships
B) opening of the French harbors to Englandʹs navy
C) closing of the Dutch ports to Spainʹs ships
D) the effects of the ʺProtestant Windʺ
E) the privateers Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins
Answer: B
Page Ref: 465
186
47) The diplomatic history of the 16th century deals largely with European coalitions against
A) Henry VIII and the Tudors.
B) the Turks.
C) Francis I and the Valois.
D) Charles V and Philip II and the Habsburgs.
E) The Holy Roman Empire and Russia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 466
48) In the 1590s, France came to be ruled by the
A) Stuart dynasty.
B) Valois dynasty.
C) Bourbon dynasty.
D) Habsburg dynasty.
E) Guise dynasty.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 466
49) Which of the following was NOT a problem faced by Philip II at the end of his reign?
A) bankruptcy
B) Dutch independence
C) lack of a male heir
D) disagreements with the Roman Catholic Pope
E) naval defeats by England
Answer: C
Page Ref: 466
50) The ruler whose ambitions and policies brought about the Thirty Yearsʹ War was
A) Louis XIII.
B) Henry IV.
C) Ferdinand II.
D) Philip II.
E) Frances I.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 467
51) A major power NOT involved in the Thirty Yearsʹ War was
A) the German states.
B) France.
C) England.
D) Austria.
E) Sweden.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 467
187
52) Which of the following statements BEST describes the Thirty Yearsʹ War?
A) It began as a religious struggle but ended as a political struggle.
B) It eliminated Protestantism in Central Europe.
C) It led to the formation of the Protestant League.
D) It ended with the defenestration of Prague.
E) It eliminated Catholicism in Eastern Europe.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 467
53) Albert von Wallenstein was the
A) chief minister of Holland.
B) major Protestant commander in the Thirty Yearsʹ War.
C) leading Catholic general in the Thirty Yearsʹ War.
D) ousted king of Bohemia.
E) Austrian heir to the throne.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 467
54) The hero of the Battle of Lützen in 1632 was
A) William of Orange.
B) Henry of Navarre.
C) Cardinal Richelieu.
D) Gustavus Adolphus.
E) Louis XIII.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 468
55) Gustavus Adolphus received subsidies for his invasion of Germany from
A) Spain. B) Bavaria. C) England. D) France. E) Russia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 468
56) Europeʹs general settlement after the Thirty Yearsʹ War is known as the
A) Pacification of Ghent.
B) Peace of the Pyrenees.
C) Union of Utrecht.
D) Peace of Westphalia.
E) Treaty of Versailles.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 471
57) The treaty that concluded the Thirty Yearsʹ War was a victory for all of the following EXCEPT
A) Habsburg imperial ambitions.
B) French foreign policy.
C) the German princes.
D) Protestants.
E) Sweden and Switzerland.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 471
188
58) All of the following are consistent with settlement of the Thirty Yearsʹ War EXCEPT
A) the confirmation of German religious autonomy.
B) a weakened France.
C) an end to the hope of a reunited Christendom.
D) the institution of the principle of equality of all sovereign states.
E) a spirit of religious toleration.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 471
59) By the end of Mongol rule, ________ had become the religious and political center of Russia.
A) Kiev
B) Odessa
C) St. Petersburg
D) Novgorod
E) Moscow
Answer: A
Page Ref: 472
60) The first Russian ruler to use the title of ʺtsarʺ was
A) Alexander Nevsky.
B) Ivan III, the Great.
C) Boris Godunov.
D) Ivan IV, the Terrible.
E) Peter the Great.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 472
61) The Kremlin was
A) the tsarʹs winter palace in St. Petersburg.
B) a former Muslim mosque in Kiev.
C) an Orthodox Church in Moscow.
D) a fortress in Moscow that became the seat of government.
E) the summer palace of the tsars.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 472
62) What was the significance of Moscow being declared the Third Rome?
A) Russia inherited the trade that was once controlled by the Italian city-states.
B) Moscow became the religious center of Christianity.
C) Russia regarded itself, not the West, as the possessor of the true faith.
D) Russia expelled all Jews and Muslims.
E) Russia received the allegiance of the Eastern European Catholics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 472
189
63) Ivan IV (the Terrible) experienced resistance from the
A) nobles.
B) Turks.
C) Orthodox Church.
D) peasants.
E) military.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 473
64) Successes of Ivan IV in Russia included all of the following EXCEPT
A) an annexed Kazan and Astrakhan.
B) an annexed Poland.
C) a new law code.
D) the Zemski Sobor.
E) a weakened nobility.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 473
65) The family chosen by the Zemski Sobor to rule Russia was the

A) Habsburg.
B) Romanov.
C) Adolphus.
D) Rurik.
E) Hohenstaufen.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 474
66) Russia stagnated for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) serfdom.
B) a primitive agricultural economy.
C) ignorance.
D) technological backwardness.
E) Polish annexation of vast Russian territories.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 474
67) The Ottoman Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire because
A) their infantry and cavalry were superior.
B) they eliminated all competing religions.
C) their administration was inflexible.
D) they had a superior navy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 474
190
68) The Balkans failed to unite due to
A) ethnic differences.
B) class conflict.
C) religious fighting.
D) national differences.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 474
69) The ________ were the major threat to the Balkans in the 14th century.
A) Austrians
B) Russians
C) Ottomans
D) Greeks
E) French
Answer: C
Page Ref: 474
70) The Ottoman Turks began their drive up the Balkan peninsula after their victory at the Battle
of ________ in 1362.
A) Adrianople
B) Kosovo
C) Vienna
D) Constantinople
E) Vardar
Answer: A
Page Ref: 474
71) The Balkans differed from the rest of Europe in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) the military was not very important to the leaders.
B) each religious affiliation had its own set of courts and laws.
C) the devshirme.
D) the lack of secular government.
E) it was a theocracy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 475-476
72) The Balkans lagged behind central and western Europe because they did NOT experience
A) the Renaissance.
B) the Enlightenment.
C) the Reformation.
D) the Scientific Revolution.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 477
191
Chapter 16 Global Encounters
1) What statement BEST describes trade relations between Europe and Asia in the mid -15th
century?
A) Trade continued at a brisk pace along traditional land and sea routes.
B) Trade between Asia and Europe was now occurring mostly by sea, as ships regularly
rounded Africa.
C) Muslim states encouraged trade between Europe and Asia by serving as the middlemen
in trading.
D) Trade between Asia and Europe had been disrupted by Muslim control over the eastern
caravan routes.
E) China dominated trade within the Indian Ocean.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 482
2) Technical developments that allowed the Iberian countries to open a new era of exploration
included
A) learning to tack against the wind.
B) the astrolabe.
C) the lateen sail.
D) portolan map.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 482
3) What gave the Portuguese their main advantage for exploration?
A) maps and charts
B) compass and astrolabe
C) ships and naval guns
D) financial security
Answer: C
Page Ref: 483
4) The dominant religious motivation for Iberian naval power included
A) conversion of the populations of the Balkans to Catholicism.
B) defeating the Protestants of northern Europe.
C) crusades to convert or destroy Muslims.
D) defeating Ethiopia.
E) taking their religion to the natives of North and South America.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 483
192
5) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the myth of ʺPrester Johnʺ?
A) A potential African to join with Spain and Portugal against Islam.
B) He was a Spanish monk who led a holy crusade on Islam.
C) He was a mighty Ethiopian monarch who opposed Muslims.
D) The determination to link Ethiopia and Iberia for financial gain was irresistible.
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Page Ref: 483
6) The most important motive(s) for exploration was(were)
A) the thrill of adventure.
B) fanatical religious rivalry.
C) desire to gain fame and noble titles.
D) gold, glory, and God.
E) national rivalry.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 483
7) The Iberian political systems aided exploration in all the following ways EXCEPT
A) the intent to spread Catholicism.
B) aristocrats regarded conquest and plunder as normal sources of income.
C) the powers of the monarchs had been usurped by the merchant class.
D) the intent to divert the Turkish menace.
E) the monarchsʹ power had been expanded.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 483
8) Which European nation led the way in exploration?
A) England
B) Netherlands
C) Portugal
D) Spain
E) France
Answer: C
Page Ref: 484
9) What was the significance of Sagres to European exploration?
A) It was the observatory of Portugalʹs Prince Henry, where mariners planned their
voyages.
B) It was an important Portuguese trading port at the mouth of the Persian Gulf.
C) It was a legendary African kingdom with which Christian ruler Prince Henry hoped to
ally.
D) It was a Muslim port on the Moroccan coast captured by the Portuguese, which inspired
Prince Henry to encourage further exploits.
E) It was a library that contained the ancient maps of the Greeks.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 484
193
10) The first Portuguese captain to round the southern tip of Africa was
A) Alfonso de Albuquerque.
B) Pedro Cabral.
C) Vasco da Gama.
D) Bartolomeu Dias.
E) Vasco de Balboa.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 484
11) What name did King John II of Portugal give to the southern tip of Africa rounded by
Portuguese sailors in 1489?
A) Molucca Strait
B) Strait of Gibraltar
C) Cape Horn
D) Cape of Good Hope
E) the Bosporus
Answer: D
Page Ref: 484
12) What error in reasoning or calculation led Columbus to believe that Asia could be reached by a
short sea voyage?
A) He believed that the Asian continent lay to the west of Europe.
B) He miscalculated the distance from Europe to Asia by 7,000 miles.
C) He thought that friendly inhabitants living on intervening continents would lend
assistance to European explorers.
D) He knew that the earth is round.
E) He reasoned that a water route through or around new continents existed.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 484
13) Who was the sponsor of Christopher Columbus?
A) King John of Portugal
B) The Bourbon royal family
C) The Catholic Church
D) Queen Isabella of Spain
E) Queen Elizabeth of England
Answer: D
Page Ref: 485
14) By the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain received all major parts of the New World
except for
A) Brazil.
B) the Carolinas.
C) Peru.
D) Mexico.
E) Florida.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 485
194
15) The commander of the first European expedition that reached India by sailing around Africa
and across the Indian Ocean was
A) Ferdinand Magellan.
B) Vasco da Gama.
C) Bartolomeu Dias.
D) Pedro Cabral.
~
E) Sa o Vincente.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 485
16) The Portuguese captain who discovered Brazil when he sailed too far westward during his
second voyage to India was
A) Alfonso de Albuquerque.
B) Ferdinand Magellan.
C) Bartolomeu de Las Casas.
D) Pedro Cabral.
E) Bartolomeu Dias.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 486
17) Which of the following was NOT a port in Portugalʹs Asian trading empire?
A) Hormuz
B) Canary Islands
C) Mozambique
D) Goa
E) Malacca
Answer: B
Page Ref: 486
18) The Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean meant
A) Muslim states were founded on the Malaysian peninsula.
B) no room for competitors.
C) the removal of Muslim traders.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 486
19) The license issued by the Portuguese to allow non-Portuguese traders in the Indian Ocean was
known as a
A) cartaz. B) naturae. C) gujerat. D) patroon. E) galleon.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 486
195
20) China banished the Portuguese because
A) the Portuguese refused to trade fairly with the Chinese.
B) the Portuguese erected a fort in Canton without permission.
C) China traded with no outside party.
D) Portugal had nothing to offer China.
E) religious missionaries were not sent to China.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 487
21) Until they were expelled in the 1630s, Portuguese arms merchants and missionaries played an
active role in the Asian country of
A) Japan.
B) Burma.
C) Laos.
D) Vietnam.
E) Cambodia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 487
22) The policies of Japanʹs daimyo toward Christians included
A) executing all Christians.
B) tolerating Christians but assessing a tax on them.
C) anti-Christian edicts that forced Christians to emigrate over a long period of time.
D) using Catholics as allies against the Dutch.
E) expelling European Christians.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 487
23) The principal interest of the Portuguese in Africa was
A) conversion of Africans to Christianity.
B) trade.
C) exploration.
D) settlement.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 487
24) Unable to establish trade with the kingdom of Mali, the Portuguese emphasized its trade with
A) Yemen.
B) Cairo.
C) Akan.
D) Baghdad.
E) Beni.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 487
196
25) The Portuguese became involved in the slave trade because
A) they supplied the Akan states on the west coast of Africa, who required slave labor to
clear the forests.
B) they believed the Africans to be fit only for slavery.
C) Benin invited Portugal to join in the slave trade.
D) Portugalʹs extensive colony in Brazil demanded cheap labor.
E) they were in economic competition with the Dutch.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 488
26) What powerful kingdom, whose capital of Edo boasted intricate metal work, markets, and an
efficient government, did the Portuguese encounter in West Africa in the 15th century?
A) Benin
B) Kanem-Bornu
C) Mali
D) Zimbabwe
E) Ozuloa
Answer: A
Page Ref: 488
27) In order to remain competitive with European trade, some African nations
A) modernized their agricultural system.
B) diversified their economy.
C) became dependent on the slave trade.
D) developed monetary systems and banking.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 488-490
28) Which of the following is NOT true of King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo?
A) He urged people to dress in the European style.
B) He resisted the introduction of Christianity.
C) He changed his name to Don Alfonso.
D) He made Portuguese the official language.
E) He banned the Catholic Church.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 490
29) Using black mercenaries and the feared Imbangala warriors, the Portuguese launched a war of
conquest, which acquired
A) the Kongo kingdom.
B) Changamire.
C) Angola.
D) Songhai.
E) Mombasa.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 490
197
30) The Swahili city-states of East Africa were easily subdued because
A) the Portuguese sacked and plundered the city-states.
B) the Portuguese possessed a strong navy.
C) they were weak militarily.
D) the Portuguese used intimidation ruthlessly.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 490
31) The Portuguese were expelled from the Swahili coast by the
A) Ethiopians.
B) Spanish.
C) Arabs.
D) Dutch.
E) Karanga kingdom.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 492
32) The Ethiopians and Portuguese allied in order to
A) extend Christianity into the Arabian peninsula.
B) control the trade routes through the Red Sea.
C) expel the Muslims.
D) establish a western African empire.
E) form a centralized government in Ethiopia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 492
33) The most destructive impact of the Portuguese on Africa included
A) a more disastrous result than Spain had on the New World.
B) its involvement in the slave trade.
C) the ability to dictate terms of trade with the African kingdoms.
D) little or no lasting results.
E) colonization and the expulsion of Africans from those colonies.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 492
34) The conquistadora were the Spanish
A) adventurers who participated in the subjugation of the New World.
B) Catholic friars who sought to convert the Indians.
C) plantations established by nobility.
D) governors of the New World colonies.
E) professional soldiers who defended Spain.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 492
198
35) The Spanish leader of the expedition who defeated the Aztec Empire in Mexico was
A) Montezuma.
B) Hernando Cortés.
C) Francisco Pizarro.
D) Hernando de Soto.
E) Ponce de Leon.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 493
36) The outnumbered Spaniards were able to conquer the Aztecs due to each of the following
reasons EXCEPT
A) the introduction of smallpox.
B) other groups of Amerindians supported the Spanish against the Aztecs.
C) the superior weapons of the Spanish.
D) the use of human sacrifice by the Aztecs.
E) the use of horses .
Answer: C
Page Ref: 493
37) The Spaniards maintained which of the following from the Aztecs?
A) religion
B) military establishment
C) feudal system
D) social hierarchy system
E) egalitarian policies
Answer: D
Page Ref: 494
38) The first colony founded in North America was
A) San Diego.
B) San Antonio.
C) St. Augustine.
D) Santa Fe.
E) San Francisco.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 494
39) Spainʹs claim on the Philippine Islands resulted from a naval expedition across the Pacific
Ocean captained by
A) Hernando de Soto.
B) Francisco Pizarro.
C) Ferdinand Magellan.
D) Francisco de Coronado.
E) Vasco da Gama.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 494
199
40) Why did extended naval voyages especially cause so many deaths?
A) scurvy
B) storms
C) drowning
D) hostile natives
E) smallpox
Answer: A
Page Ref: 494
41) The Inca state had been weakened before the Spaniards arrived by
A) a succession crisis.
B) attacks from the Aztecs.
C) the Portuguese.
D) a famine brought on by a drought.
E) civil war.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 494
42) Francisco Pizzarro was able to conquer the Inca because
A) he commanded a huge military force.
B) the Portuguese in Brazil assisted the Spanish.
C) he was able to exploit the fight between two claimants to the throne.
D) the Inca had no military.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 494
43) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Spanish control of the Inca empire?
A) mestizo population resulted
B) unprecedented fortitude and courage
C) no success in establishing Christianity
D) persecution of the Amerindian population
E) all resistance ended
Answer: C
Page Ref: 495
44) The capital of the vice-royalty of Peru was
A) Lima.
B) Mexico City.
C) Havana.
D) Cuzco.
E) Vilacamba.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 495
200
45) The most important source of wealth taken from Spainʹs colonies in the New World was
A) cocoa.
B) tobacco.
C) silver from Peruvian and Mexican mines.
D) gold from the temples and palaces in Mexico.
E) lumber.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 496
46) All of the following were Spanish colonies EXCEPT
A) Venezuela.
B) Peru.
C) Mexico.
D) Bolivia.
E) Brazil.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 496
47) Probably the most significant factor that made it possible for a relatively small number of
Europeans to colonize the Americas with surprising ease was
A) rivalries among Amerindian civilizations that prevented cooperation against the
intruding Europeans.
B) the absence of immunity among Amerindians to diseases brought by Europeans to the
Americas.
C) the superiority of European firepower.
D) the lack of confidence among Amerindians about their religions.
E) the technology of the Europeans.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 496
48) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Iberian regimes in America?
A) Portugal controlled its empire more directly than Spain.
B) As with Rome and Turkish empires, the colonies were meant to provide revenue.
C) Brutality toward native peoples was common.
D) Amerindian chiefs acting as rulers of peasant villages collected taxes.
E) Mining, agriculture, and ranching were common economic ventures.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 495-496
49) Encomiendas in the Spanish New World were
A) grants permitting owners to take income or labor from land and its inhabitants.
B) local Indian chiefs who collected taxes and administered Spanish laws.
C) elected assemblies.
D) local councils of aristocrats who assisted the viceroys.
E) courts to enforce laws for the fair treatment of the native population.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 497
201
50) The Dominican friar who argued to Charles V that Indians were entitled to equal treatment
under the law was
A) Archbishop Laud.
B) Bartolomé de Las Casas.
C) Francisco de Coronado.
D) Bartolomeu Dias.
E) Bishop Miguel Sanchez.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 497
51) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the effect of Europeans on the Amerindians?
A) horses
B) alcoholism
C) improved education
D) Jesuit and Dominican missions to alleviate the misery
E) disease
Answer: C
Page Ref: 497
52) Scarcity of labor in the Americas led the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers to
A) establish a wage-earning system for the Indians.
B) institute policies that protected the Indians.
C) import slaves from Africa.
D) encourage English and Dutch settlers to emigrate to the New World.
E) encourage the unemployed in Europe to migrate.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 498
53) Which industry required the greatest amount of slave labor?
A) sugar B) rice C) cotton D) tobacco E) indigo
Answer: A
Page Ref: 499
54) Women in Spanish society
A) could not operate a business.
B) were not considered less than men in social situations.
C) were not allowed a legal separation in the case of abuse in a marriage.
D) had legal protection of their property.
E) married at a much younger age than most Europeans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 500
202
55) All of the following are consistent with the Catholic Church in the Spanish colonies EXCEPT
A) its increasing wealth.
B) it established an Inquisition to discipline Indian converts who continued traditional
rituals.
C) the monastic orders established schools.
D) it suppressed indigenous religions.
E) its leaders organized against abuses that the Indians suffered.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 500
56) A mulatto is a person of
A) European and African descent.
B) Amerindian and European descent.
C) African descent imported as a slave.
D) Amerindian and African descent.
E) of native Indian descent.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 501
57) Estates or plantations belonging to elite families were known as
A) casas.
B) haciendas.
C) encomenderas.
D) zambos.
E) cabildos.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 501
58) Which of the following took advantage of the growing weakness of Spain and Portugal to
expand New World colonial possessions?
A) England
B) France
C) Holland
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 501
59) The major cause of the growing weakness of Spain and Portugal after 1600 was the
A) successful opposition by Amerindians and Africans.
B) drain placed on Iberiaʹs finances by colonization efforts in the Americas.
C) deflationary impact of bullion imports.
D) failure to find productive investments with profits from New World colonies.
E) wars of conquest.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 501-502
203
60) An important source of food for Europe was fish, which were caught in greatest abundance
A) in Newfoundlandʹs Grand Banks.
B) off Africaʹs south Atlantic coast.
C) in the Caribbean Sea.
D) in the Indian Ocean.
E) in the north Atlantic near Iceland.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 501
61) The Aztec sacred beverage, which became the rage in Europe, was
A) goatʹs milk.
B) coffee.
C) tea.
D) cocoa.
E) cassava.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 501
62) Potatoes, sugar, and tobacco were products introduced to Europe from
A) Africa.
B) Pacific islands.
C) the Americas.
D) Asia.
E) trade with India.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 501
63) Gold and silver from America and Africa had which impact on Europe?
A) stimulated capitalism
B) lowered prices for goods in Europe
C) a gold drain to Asia
D) a money shortage
E) decreased profits for merchants
Answer: A
Page Ref: 502
64) In the 17th century, Iberian cities were surpassed as leading commercial centers by Antwerp
and later by
A) Naples.
B) London.
C) Paris.
D) Amsterdam.
E) Brussels.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 502
204
65) The Dutch East India Company had a monopoly on all trade with
A) the North Atlantic.
B) South America.
C) the Caribbean.
D) Asia and the Pacific.
E) the West Indies.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 503
66) The creator of the Dutch trading empire in the East, with its capital at Batavia, was
A) Samuel de Champlain.
B) John Cabot.
C) Jan Pieterszoon Coen.
D) Henry Hudson.
E) Hans Holweg.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 503
67) The Dutch were unable to establish permanent settlements in Asia for all the following reasons
EXCEPT
A) the failure to convince Dutch women to move there.
B) the resentment of the natives who did not allow intermarriage.
C) Dutch men who stayed were not interested in establishing family empires.
D) the desire of Dutch men to concentrate on making a fortune and returning to Holland.
E) prosperity in Holland.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 503
68) The Dutch conquered ________ in Latin America.
A) Chile
B) Argentina
C) Brazil
D) Peru
E) Mexico
Answer: C
Page Ref: 503
69) The Hudson River and Manhattan Island were explored and claimed by Henry Hudson, who
sailed in the service of the
A) French.
B) Spanish.
C) English.
D) Dutch.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 503
205
70) The most profitable activity of the Dutch in North America was
A) agriculture.
B) mining.
C) fishing.
D) the fur trade.
E) lumbering.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 504
71) Early French claims on North America resulted from exploration from the Carolinas to
Newfoundland by
A) Giovanni da Verrazzano.
B) Jacques Cartier.
C) Francis Drake.
D) Samuel de Champlain.
E) Francis I.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 504
72) Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement on the Saint Lawrence River at
A) Montreal.
B) Isle of Bourbon.
C) Port Royal.
D) Quebec.
E) Toronto.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 504
73) The French Empire in America
A) possessed Santo Domingo, which was the largest sugar and coffee producer.
B) initiated the fur trade around the headwaters of the Mississippi River.
C) suffered from underpopulation.
D) established a base on Nova Scotia.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 504
74) The goal of the voyages of John Cabot and other captains sailing for England was to discover
A) a source of slaves.
B) areas for the excess population to settle.
C) new fishing grounds.
D) a northern passage to Asia.
E) a new continent.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 505
206
75) The first permanent English colony in America was founded in 1607 at
A) Plymouth.
B) Jamestown.
C) Manhattan Island.
D) Williamsburg.
E) Boston.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 505
76) English colonies differed from the Spanish, French, and Dutch colonies in all the following
ways EXCEPT that
A) slavery was illegal.
B) settlers arrived with the purpose of staying.
C) religious dissenters settled in the colonies.
D) there was a tradition of self-government.
E) entire families emigrated rather than single males.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 505-506
77) Anne Hutchinson and Anne Bradstreet
A) led a slave revolt on Barbados.
B) exemplified the independent pioneering spirit of English colonists.
C) were martyred for their political beliefs.
D) founded a colony to the north of Virginia.
E) were burned as witches.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 506
78) An area where the English succeeded in ousting Dutch rivals was
A) Sumatra.
B) Java.
C) the Moluccas.
D) India.
E) the Philippines.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 507
79) In the late 16 th and early 17th centuries the English government regarded the ________ as

more important economically than the wild forests of North America.
A) East Indies
B) Persian Gulf region
C) West Indies
D) coast of India
E) Central America
Answer: C
Page Ref: 506
207
Chapter 17 Absolutism and Limited Central Power
in Europe, 1650-1774
1) Bishop Jacques Bossuet produced a classic statement of
A) constitutionalist theory.
B) the notion of balance of power.
C) divine-right theory of monarchy.
D) mercantilist theory.
E) capitalism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 512
2) The most influential justification for absolutism was composed by the philosopher
A) Thomas Hobbes.
B) John Locke.
C) Jacques Bossuet.
D) Rene Descartes.
E) Voltaire.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 512
3) According to Thomas Hobbes, absolutism is favorable because
A) people create government to enrich society.
B) absolute rulers have no limiting power.
C) God is the source of power for rulers.
D) people are not capable of governing themselves.
E) government exists to protect property.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 512
4) Cardinal Richelieu did NOT use which of the following to centralize royal authority in France?
A) construction of fortified castles for nobles
B) restricted traditional courts
C) outlawing dueling
D) royal civil service
E) strong military and naval forces
Answer: A
Page Ref: 513
5) The importance of the Fronde was that
A) it convinced Louis XIV that the nobles must be suppressed in order for the monarch to
maintain a monopoly on power.
B) Cardinal Richelieu was killed.
C) it caused the Catholic Church to be removed as the state Church of France.
D) it resulted in weakening the French monarchy.
E) the nobility created an Assembly from which they legally criticized the king.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 513
208
6) The Edict of Nantes (1598)
A) granted freedom of worship to Huguenots.
B) forced conversion of Protestants to Catholicism in France.
C) limited female participation in government.
D) separated the authority of the French king from the papal authority of the Roman
Catholic Church.
E) was authored by Louis XIV.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 513
7) To claim authority over the French church, Louis XIV
A) expelled the Jesuits from France.
B) declared himself as head of an independent French church.
C) revoked the Edict of Nantes.
D) denounced the infallibility doctrine of the Catholic Church.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 513
8) Which of the following was NOT a feature of mercantilism?
A) official regulation of economic enterprise
B) government assistance for new industries
C) low tariffs
D) colonialism
E) construction of roads, canals, and harbors
Answer: C
Page Ref: 514
9) To inspire awe of the monarchy, Louis XIV built a great palace at
A) Versailles.
B) Blois.
C) Paris.
D) Chambord.
E) Lyon.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 514
10) A mercantilist would agree with all of the following ideas EXCEPT
A) a nation should seek to achieve economic self-sufficiency.
B) a power should measure its wealth in terms of accumulated precious metals.
C) the state should not interfere with operations of the economic market.
D) a country should not permit an unfavorable balance of trade.
E) government regulations should charter monopolies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 514
209
11) The economic system that emerged in the 18th century was
A) communism.
B) mercantilism.
C) socialism.
D) capitalism.
E) absolutism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 514
12) The establishment of a French colonial empire was largely the work of
A) Jean Baptiste Colbert.
B) Charles Le Brun.
C) Jacques Bossuet.
D) the Marquis de Louvois.
E) Louis XIV.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 515
13) The Marquis de Louvois made a major contribution to the reign of Louis XIV by
A) devising the new tax system.
B) discovering and claiming valuable lands.
C) building the new royal palace.
D) reducing the size of the army.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 515
14) Colbertism was
A) a method of applying political pressure to religion.
B) a doctrine of economics based on mercantilism.
C) a new theory of explaining the origin of the universe.
D) a special type of etiquette used at royal courts.
E) an economic system that relied on individual prosperity for the good of the nation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 515
15) French Absolutism influenced all the following countries EXCEPT
A) the German states.
B) Holland.
C) Spain.
D) Scandinavia.
E) Russia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 515
210
16) The ruling family of Prussia in the 17th century was the
A) Hohenzollern.
B) Hohenstaufen.
C) Habsburg.
D) Romanov.
E) Tudor.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 515
17) The first ruler to bear the title ʺKing of Prussiaʺ was
A) Frederick the Great.
B) William I.
C) Frederick I.
D) Frederick William I.
E) William Frederick I.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 516
18) The nucleus around which the German state of Prussia developed and expanded was the
A) city of Frankfurt.
B) land in Poland beyond the Vistula.
C) Brandenburg.
D) fief of Zollern.
E) Saxony.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 516
19) Prussia gained a reputation for its militarism and regimentation during the reign of
A) Frederick I.
B) William I.
C) Frederick William I.
D) Frederick the Great.
E) William of Saxony.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 516
20) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the reign of Frederick the Great?
A) growing population
B) mercantilist economy
C) social superiority for the middle class
D) military superiority
E) serfdom
Answer: C
Page Ref: 517
211
21) Which of the following was NOT an objective of Peter the Great of Russia?
A) to establish a constitutional monarchy
B) to make his power absolute
C) to obtain an outlet port
D) to westernize his people
E) to modernize the army
Answer: A
Page Ref: 517
22) Peter the Greatʹs ʺwindow on the seaʺ was
A) St. Petersburg.
B) Vladivostok.
C) Volgograd.
D) Danzig.
E) never accomplished.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 517
23) To copy European mercantilism, Peter the Great
A) imported laborers.
B) established factories, mines, and shipyards.
C) imported technical experts.
D) increased taxes.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 518
24) Siberia was most important for Russian absolutism because
A) it offered a very important source of revenue through its fur trade.
B) its annual wheat crop supplied food to a large segment of the Russian population.
C) it offered a very important outlet to the Baltic.
D) it offered a perfect location for political prisons.
E) it provided access to the Pacific Ocean.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 520
25) Which of the following factors BEST describes Russia after the reign of Peter the Great?
A) It was a stable period of strong male tsars.
B) Orthodox Christians recognized reforms and operated much like the Roman Catholic
Church.
C) The nobles no longer possessed a privileged position.
D) After a weak period, power was further consolidated by Tsarina Catherine the Great.
E) Russia became a thoroughly westernized nation.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 520
212
26) The monarch primarily responsible for strengthening the Austrian imperial monarchy during
the second half of the 17th century was
A) Leopold I.
B) Ferdinand II.
C) Ferdinand I.
D) Frederick I.
E) Maria Theresa.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 520
27) The Austrian Empire possessed all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
A) continued dominance by the nobility.
B) ethnic unity.
C) an economy dependent on agriculture and serf labor.
D) medieval characteristics.
E) feudalism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 520
28) Which nation, through its precedents, established the foundations of modern political and
economic life in the West?
A) England
B) Prussia
C) Holland
D) United States
E) France
Answer: C
Page Ref: 523
29) The Dutch Republicans, representing the urban merchants, supported
A) religious toleration.
B) limited central authority.
C) peace.
D) refuge for Europeʹs finest scientists and philosophies.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 523
30) The royal house that achieved dominance in Holland with a centralized administration and
efficient army was the
A) House of Tudor.
B) House of Stuart.
C) House of Bourbon.
D) House of Orange.
E) House of Roses.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 523
213
31) Dutch naval, commercial, and colonial supremacy was temporary because
A) an insufficient population and indefensible borders made long-term competition
impossible.
B) its government remained rigid and static.
C) Spain defeated Hollandʹs attempt at independence.
D) it lacked financial institutions to provide necessary funding.
E) German independence and military power were constant threats.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 523
32) All of these statements about James I of England are true EXCEPT
A) he was also the king of Scotland.
B) he was the only son of Elizabeth I.
C) he was the first of the Stuart dynasty in England.
D) he was a strong proponent of absolute monarchy.
E) he was pro-Catholic.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 524
33) Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the reign of James I?
A) Royal revenues were increasing.
B) He hated Parliament.
C) The Pilgrims left England.
D) Radical Protestants had become more vocal.
E) He believed Parliament to be the primary will of the people.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 524
34) The Petition of Right in 1628
A) permitted martial law in peacetime.
B) secured parliamentary approval for taxes.
C) quartered soldiers with citizens.
D) allowed arbitrary imprisonment.
E) increased the monarchʹs power.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 524
35) Charles I was forced to call Parliament in 1640 because
A) he wanted to divorce his wife, Henrietta Marie.
B) France had declared war against England.
C) Scotland had rebelled against his religious policies and invaded England.
D) he wanted to attack and eliminate the Dutch merchant marine.
E) the colonies established in the New World lacked sufficient funding.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 524
214
36) The Levellers in England are noted for urging
A) religious intolerance.
B) true democracy.
C) socialist views.
D) economic equality.
E) the disbanding of the army.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 525
37) As a result of the Civil War in England,
A) Charles I was executed.
B) the military failed to defeat the monarchists.
C) the Presbyterian opponents of the king were eliminated.
D) Elizabeth I became queen immediately.
E) France invaded England.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 525
38) With the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, the victorious Puritans took all of the following steps
to implement their religious and political ideals EXCEPT
A) resorting to forms of military dictatorship.
B) the passing of legislation to ensure that the army would have no role in government.
C) the execution of the king.
D) a proclamation of a republic.
E) outlawing the Levellers.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 525
39) Despite its failures, the period of the civil war and the interregnum brought all of the following
changes to England EXCEPT
A) opening opportunities for capitalist development and expansion.
B) checking the earlier trend toward constitutionalism.
C) confirming Parliamentʹs necessary role in the English system.
D) checking the earlier trend toward absolutism.
E) increasing the struggles between the monarchy and Parliament.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 525
40) Charles II and James II alienated Parliament and the people of England in all of the following
ways EXCEPT by
A) signing the Treaty of Dover.
B) dismissing the Parliament.
C) supplying a male heir.
D) advocating Catholicism.
E) living a frugal lifestyle.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 526
215
41) The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was primarily a victory for
A) the monarchy.
B) Parliament.
C) the Catholic Church.
D) the English navy.
E) French absolutists.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 526
42) Which of the following provisions was NOT included in the English Bill of Rights?
A) Taxes could not be levied without consent of Parliament.
B) The king could not suspend laws.
C) Religion would not affect who ruled England.
D) Parliament was assured freedom of speech.
E) Freedom of the press was guaranteed.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 526
43) Which statement about the Act of Settlement in 1701 is FALSE?
A) It forbade the monarch to leave England without parliamentary permission.
B) It made Presbyterianism the state religion.
C) It prescribed a Protestant succession to the throne.
D) It barred the monarch from declaring war.
E) It prohibited the monarch from removing judges.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 526
44) The notion of having the prime minister resign when the House of Commons no longer
supports his or her policies began as a result of the
A) precedent established by Robert Walpole.
B) actions of William Pitt.
C) edict issued by George III in 1761.
D) English Civil War.
E) Glorious Revolution.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 527
45) The cabinet system of government
A) was initiated by Oliver Cromwell.
B) provided the constitutional machinery necessary to apply the principles of the Glorious
Revolution.
C) protected individuals from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment.
D) caused Parliament many conflicts with the royal authority.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 527
216
46) After 1763, George Grenvilleʹs policies toward North America resulted in
A) extending English settlement to the Mississippi River.
B) incorporating the Ohio valley into Canada.
C) granting the English Colonies dominion status.
D) igniting resistance that led to the American Revolution.
E) a cooperation between the Legislative Assemblies in the American Colonies and
Parliament.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 527
47) George III succeeded in alienating varied interests in England by
A) ruling without Parliament.
B) ʺpackingʺ the Parliament with his loyal supporters.
C) opposing an aggressive policy toward Spain.
D) using lavish bribes and patronage.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 527
48) Louis XIVʹs efforts to expand his territories to so-called natural frontiers did NOT include
gaining control of the
A) land west of the Rhine.
B) Pyrenees frontier.
C) Italian peninsula.
D) region now called Belgium.
E) overseas empire.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 527
49) The leading powers in the Great Northern War were
A) Prussia and Austria.
B) Denmark and Norway.
C) Poland and England.
D) Sweden and Russia.
E) Holland and France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 527
50) Which of the following was NOT a result of the Great Northern War?
A) Sweden declined as a first-class power.
B) Russia gained territory along the Baltic coast.
C) Ottoman Turkey was crushed.
D) Russia enjoyed greater security on its northern border.
E) Denmark and Poland were defeated by Sweden.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 527
217
51) The naval wars between England and Holland ended due to
A) French aggression.
B) total Dutch defeat by the English navy.
C) English financial exhaustion.
D) Spanish assistance to Holland.
E) Prussian interference.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 527
52) During the War of the Spanish Succession,
A) most of the disagreements were diplomatic, so there was little fighting.
B) France succeeded in uniting the French and Spanish thrones.
C) Queen Anne of England refused to settle a peace.
D) influential women played a dominant role.
E) James I was restored to the throne of England.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 528
53) During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the balance of power principle was used
primarily to restrain
A) England. B) Prussia. C) Russia. D) France. E) Sweden.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 528
54) Which of the following was NOT a result of the Treaty of Utrecht?
A) England gained important colonial territories from France and Spain.
B) It concluded the War of Spanish Succession.
C) It ended the French and Indian War.
D) Europe experienced a fairly satisfactory balance of power.
E) A 30-year period of peace followed.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 528
55) A long-range result of the Treaty of Utrecht and the War of the Spanish Succession included
A) creating the first in the chain of events that would allow for the future unification of Italy
and Germany.
B) Spanish ownership of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
C) Dutch independence.
D) French ownership of Canada, Florida, and Malta and the creation of the French global
trade network.
E) a decrease in British power.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 528-529
218
56) The Treaty of Utrecht recognized ________ as king of Spain.
A) Louis XIVʹs son
B) Louis XIVʹs grandson
C) Frederick I
D) Ferdinand II
E) the Prussian heir
Answer: B
Page Ref: 528
57) By the Treaty of Utrecht, England retained the Mediterranean naval bases at
A) Sardinia and Sicily.
B) Malta and Minorca.
C) Gibraltar and Malta.
D) Gibraltar and Minorca.
E) Tunis and Cairo.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 529
58) During the 18th century, the balance of European power fluctuated dangerously due to all of
the following EXCEPT
A) Spain reasserted its dominance.
B) Prussia and Russia achieved military potential.
C) the power vacuum of Poland and the Ottoman Empire tempted the major powers of
Europe.
D) Britain and France were involved in colonial rivalry.
E) Habsburg Austria gained military strength.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 529
59) The ʺWar of Jenkinsʹs Earʺ began in 1739 between
A) Russia and Poland.
B) England and Prussia.
C) England and Spain.
D) France and Spain.
E) Prussia and France.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 529
60) By the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia received
A) Brandenburg.
B) Austria.
C) Silesia.
D) Bohemia.
E) Saxony.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 529
219
61) A new balance of power in Europe was associated with
A) rivalry between England and Holland over India.
B) Romanov plans to seize Poland.
C) Stuart efforts to outwit Parliament.
D) shifting alliances before the Seven Yearsʹ War.
E) French insistence that the Italian city-states swear allegiance to France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 529
62) The Seven Yearsʹ War is also known as the
A) Great Northern War.
B) War of the Austrian Succession.
C) French and Indian War.
D) War of the Spanish Succession.
E) War of Jenkinsʹs Ear.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 529
63) During the Seven Yearsʹ War, Prussia was attacked by
A) France, Britain, and Austria.
B) Austria, Russia, and France.
C) Russia and Sweden.
D) Britain and Russia.
E) Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 529
64) In the various wars of the late 17th and 18th centuries, the greatest gains were made by
A) Austria. B) France. C) Russia. D) England. E) Prussia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 530
65) During successive partitions by ________, ________, and ________, Poland ceased to exist by
the end of the 18th century.
A) Russia, Prussia, Sweden
B) Austria, Sweden, Prussia
C) Prussia, Russia, Austria
D) Prussia, France, England
E) Holland, Austria, Prussia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 530
66) Which of the following countries lost the territories of the Ukraine and Crimea?
A) Austrian Empire
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Russia
D) Prussia
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Page Ref: 530
220
67) The Seven Yearsʹ War resulted in
A) France acquiring the most powerful empire in the world.
B) England losing Florida to Spain.
C) Britain acquiring the most powerful empire in the world.
D) France acquiring the St. Lawrence Valley.
E) Prussia acquiring the most powerful empire in the world.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 530
68) The Peace of Paris in 1763
A) saw France expand beyond the Pyrenees.
B) ended the War of the Austrian Succession.
C) gave Russia an outlet to the Baltic.
D) made Spain the owner of Louisiana.
E) caused Spain to cede Florida to France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 530
69) The Peace of Paris resulted in
A) Russia having to cede its Pacific territories to Britain.
B) Spain losing its Latin American colonies.
C) Britain losing India.
D) France losing its North American empire.
E) Polandʹs independence.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 530
70) Which of the following did NOT contribute to the pervasive smuggling in England during the
18th century?
A) the indifference of English monarchs to the problem
B) widespread corruption among government agents
C) the refusal of juries to convict offenders
D) the mercantile policies of the government in matters of foreign trade
E) low profits and volume of trade
Answer: C
Page Ref: 530
71) By remaining dependent on mercantilism, absolute monarchs in Europe
A) caused chaos in trade because of differences in weights and measures as well as coinage.
B) throttled international trade.
C) failed to maintain control over the economy.
D) increased their debt to dangerous levels.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 530
221
72) The most obvious factor of the general social transformation that occurred in the 18th century
was
A) a dramatic redistribution of wealth among all social classes.
B) the colonization of America.
C) the monumental increase in European population.
D) the renewal of religious conflict throughout Europe.
E) governmental and institutional change.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 531
73) Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the rising middle class in 18th -century

Europe?
A) the desire for personal happiness
B) an abhorrence of all things foreign
C) the demand for social recognition
D) the aggressive improvement of its position
E) a dramatic increase in population
Answer: B
Page Ref: 531
74) Which of the following did NOT contribute to deficient governmental administration in
18th-century France?
A) constant bickering in the frequent meetings of the Estates-General
B) a bureaucratic network lacking delineation of authority
C) the failure of the government to utilize budgets and regularized accounting in the
handling of revenues
D) numerous and overlapping legal codes
E) high expectations of a growing middle class
Answer: A
Page Ref: 531
75) Louis XV of France
A) imposed taxation on the nobility.
B) organized the French legal system.
C) reduced the size of the French military.
D) lavished mistresses with expensive gifts and granted them political influence.
E) was competent and hard working.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 532
76) Which factor contributed to the development of modern economic institutions?
A) limiting markets in order to demand high prices
B) much higher wages for workers
C) a decrease in the cost of goods
D) public banks chartered by the states
E) higher taxes
Answer: D
Page Ref: 533
222
77) In a joint-stock company
A) only the aristocracy benefits.
B) the monarch directs the investment policies.
C) the state has more regulatory ability.
D) more money is available for investment.
E) smaller nations are offered little economic incentive.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 533
78) Which of the following countries experienced a decline in foreign trade during the 18th
century?
A) Britain
B) Holland
C) France
D) Germany
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Page Ref: 534
79) Capitalistic agriculture emphasized
A) efficiency.
B) the importance of the traditional rural village.
C) cooperative methods.
D) more state controls.
E) small field methods.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 535
80) New agricultural methods developed to meet the challenge of change did NOT include
A) selective breeding.
B) the ideas of Jethro Tull.
C) crop rotation.
D) the ideas of Thomas Hobbes.
E) large capital investment.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 535
81) The Enclosure Acts enhanced agricultural profits by
A) reassigning larger plots of land to peasant families.
B) increasing manorial taxes.
C) forcing peasants from the land and consequently reducing costs.
D) reinforcing traditional rights of the commons.
E) claiming royal ownership of all land.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 535
82) Which of the following countries benefited from Enclosure Acts first?
A) Holland B) France C) England D) Russia E) Prussia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 535
223
83) A system that involved contractual arrangements between capitalistic brokers and
handworkers was called
A) domestic industry.
B) the scientific method.
C) the factory system.
D) a joint-stock company.
E) guild monopolies.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 536
84) Franceʹs Old Regime was composed of
A) nobles, merchants, and slaves.
B) land owners, slaves, and clergy.
C) clergy, merchants, and peasants.
D) nobles, peasants, and clergy.
E) king, aristocrats, and serfs.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 538
85) During the 18th century, social status came to be associated with
A) emigration.
B) birth.
C) profession.
D) the conspicuous display of wealth.
E) nationality.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 537
86) The Third Estate in France refers to the legally recognized
A) landowning class.
B) commoners.
C) military class.
D) noble class.
E) clergy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 538
87) The taille in France was
A) the official who collected royal revenues.
B) a law exempting the clergy from taxation.
C) the main land tax that burdened the peasants.
D) a customs duty on all imported goods.
E) a debt prison.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 538
224
88) Despite severe hardships and serious rural poverty, most French peasants fared better than the
A) serfs of Eastern Europe.
B) outdated aristocracy.
C) middle class.
D) Protestant clergy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 538
89) European population growth in the century after 1730
A) declined because of constant warfare.
B) remained stable.
C) was confined to those nations most industrialized.
D) was probably greater than in any comparable period before or since.
E) experienced sporadic growth and decreases.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 538
90) European population expansion during the 18th century was caused by all of the following
EXCEPT
A) a decrease in mortality rates.
B) more productive agriculture.
C) the decline of the middle class.
D) extensive migrations of populations.
E) an increase in fertility rates.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 539
91) Which of the following was NOT common to urban areas in the 18th century?
A) alcoholism and prostitution
B) new ideas
C) violence
D) improved public services
E) criminal activity
Answer: D
Page Ref: 539
92) Conditions for European women after 1648
A) continued to confine them to rural employment.
B) improved dramatically.
C) allowed them to participate in local government.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 539
225
93) Miserable conditions for the poor contributed to discontent with national governments during
the 18th century because
A) craft guilds limited production.
B) government policies destroyed the initiative of the poor and conditioned them to public
assistance.
C) disease was rampant.
D) of alcoholism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 540
94) All of the following were symptoms of collapse within the absolute regimes of Europe
EXCEPT
A) disloyalty of the nobles.
B) lack of an ambitious middle class.
C) peasant rebellions.
D) rioting among urban workers.
E) aristocratic opposition to the loss of their power.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 541-542
95) Organizations representing workers
A) did not exist.
B) became stronger during the 18th century.
C) lacked effective leadership.
D) accomplished better conditions for urban workers.
E) functioned effectively.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 543
96) The most dangerous discontent in the old regime came from
A) peasants.
B) unemployed masses.
C) nobles.
D) urban workers.
E) foreign invasions.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 543
226
Chapter 18 New Ideas and Their Political Consequences
1) The first field of science to be significantly affected by the new scientific methodology
developing in the 16th century was
A) chemistry.
B) biology.
C) physics.
D) astronomy.
E) anatomy.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 548
2) The new heliocentric theory was put forth in 1543 in the famous book On the Revolutions of the
Heavenly Spheres, written by
A) René Descartes.
B) Johannes Kepler.
C) Isaac Newton.
D) Nicolaus Copernicus.
E) Philipp Melanchton.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 548
3) Which of the following attacked the heliocentric theory?
A) Roman Catholic Church
B) Francis Bacon
C) Martin Luther
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 548
4) The Danish astronomer who devoted years to charting the movements of planets and stars,
which pointed to problems in the Ptolemaic model, was
A) Johannes Kepler.
B) Tycho Brahe.
C) Nicholaus Copernicus.
D) William Gilbert.
E) Jan Van Eck.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 548
227
5) Laws of planetary motion with planets moving in elliptic rather than in circular orbits were
developed by
A) Nicholaus Copernicus.
B) Galileo Galilei.
C) Tycho Brahe.
D) Johannes Kepler.
E) Isaac Newton.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 550
6) Based on the case of Galileo, the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the teaching of the
heliocentric theory may be described as
A) unconcerned.
B) hostile.
C) reserved.
D) receptive.
E) apathetic.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 550
7) The Italian astronomer who, using a telescope, discovered the mountains on the moon,
sunspots, and the rings of Saturn was
A) Galileo Galilei.
B) Johannes Kepler.
C) Isaac Newton.
D) William Gilbert.
E) René Descartes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 550
8) Reasoning from the specific to the general through the collection of data and experimentation
is called
A) deduction.
B) scientific speculation.
C) intuition.
D) induction.
E) reasoning.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 551
9) The Influential Discourse on Method was written by
A) Isaac Newton.
B) Gottfried Leibniz.
C) Francis Bacon.
D) Ren_ Descartes.
E) William Harvey.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 551
228
10) Gottfried von Leibniz independently perfected differential calculus at the same time it was
being developed by
A) Ren_ Descartes.
B) Galileo Galilei.
C) Isaac Newton.
D) Francis Bacon.
E) Joseph Priestly.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 551
11) All of the following devices were invented in the era of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT the
A) barometer.
B) air pump.
C) thermometer.
D) steam engine.
E) pendulum clock.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 551
12) The author of Novum Organum, who contributed significantly to the theory of scientific
methodology, was
A) Francis Bacon.
B) René Descartes.
C) William Gilbert.
D) Isaac Newton.
E) Henry Cavendish.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 551
13) A famous mathematician and the author of Principia was

A) William Gilbert.
B) Gottfried von Leibniz.
C) Johannes Kepler.
D) Isaac Newton.
E) Francis Bacon.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 551
14) Part of Newtonʹs significance is that he discovered a universal unifying force in the law of
A) falling bodies.
B) inertia.
C) gravitation.
D) planetary motion.
E) hydrostatics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 551
229
15) John Lockeʹs Treatise on Civil Government
A) refuted the theory of divine right.
B) condemned absolute monarchy.
C) espoused the right of revolution.
D) justified the Glorious Revolution.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 553
16) The most significant concept to emerge from the Scientific Revolution was
A) the equality of all people.
B) the ability to ensure profit and material success.
C) the ability of human reason to learn the laws of nature and bring about progress.
D) acceptance of new technology.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 553
17) Which of the following was NOT a key word or phrase in the vocabulary of the
Enlightenment?
A) intuition
B) progress
C) reason
D) natural law
E) education
Answer: A
Page Ref: 553
18) Encouraged by the English intellectuals and business elites, the ________ organized on the
continent to encourage the cause of limited government.
A) Rotarians
B) Whigs
C) Levellers
D) Masons
E) Huguenots
Answer: D
Page Ref: 554
19) All of the following were consistent with the radical ideas of the Age of Reason EXCEPT
A) financing by Dutch Huguenots.
B) the Irish philosopher, John Toland.
C) Baruch Spinozaʹs philosophy.
D) Isaac Newtonʹs contention that God controlled nature as a separate force.
E) religious freedom of conscience.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 554
230
20) Which of the following phrases LEAST accurately describes or characterizes the 18th-century
French philosophes?
A) social reformers
B) secular humanitarians
C) traditional philosophers
D) general popularizers
E) rational thinkers
Answer: C
Page Ref: 554-555
21) The purpose of the philosophes during the Enlightenment was
A) to sponsor literary works.
B) to define the philosophy of the Enlightenment.
C) to inform society about its evils.
D) to protest governments.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 554
22) The most popular religious belief of Enlightenment thinkers was
A) atheism.
B) skepticism.
C) Deism.
D) orthodox Christianity.
E) agnosticism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 554
23) Deists
A) denied miracles.
B) advocated no clergy.
C) believed in an impersonal God who, after creation, was no longer involved with
humanity.
D) believed that natural laws govern the universe.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 554
24) Philosophes crusaded for
A) political equality for all.
B) social recognition for all.
C) separation of church and state.
D) womenʹs rights.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 554
231
25) The author of the Persian Letters was
A) Montesquieu.
B) John Locke.
C) Voltaire.
D) Jean Rousseau.
E) Benjamin Franklin.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 555
26) One of the most important contributions of Montesquieu was his advocacy of a governmental
system of
A) united nations.
B) checks and balances.
C) royal courts.
D) judicial appeal.
E) petitioning.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 555
27) The author of the Persian Letters intended to

A) provide a means to criticize his nationʹs institutions.
B) introduce Europe to the literature of the Islamic world.
C) record his travels to sites of ancient civilizations.
D) make Asian art a great fad among the European elite.
E) publicize the perfectibility of man.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 555
28) The Encyclopédie edited by Diderot
A) included only the writings of the nobility and clergy.
B) expounded the merits of human freedom.
C) supported the French absolute monarchy.
D) was published only in England.
E) was very unpopular.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 555
29) ʺMan is born free, but today is everywhere in chains,ʺ is the opening line from The Social

Contract, written by
A) Voltaire.
B) Locke.
C) Diderot.
D) Rousseau.
E) dʹHolbach.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 556
232
30) All of the following were advocates of womenʹs equality EXCEPT
A) Mary Wollstonecraft.
B) Mary Montague.
C) Marquis de Condorcet.
D) Jean Rousseau.
E) Mary Astell.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 556
31) The laissez-faire economic theory espoused by Smith and the French physiocrats was a direct
attack on the existing economic practice of
A) controlled capitalism.
B) mercantilism.
C) agricultural communism.
D) socialism.
E) communism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 557
32) According to Adam Smith, the dynamic motivating force in all economic enterprise is
A) government initiative.
B) individual self-interest.
C) altruistic social concern.
D) class consciousness.
E) survival.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 557
33) A French physiocrat in the 18th century generally would have agreed with all of the following
statements EXCEPT
A) the true wealth of a nation is not measured by stores of precious metals.
B) the market is governed by natural laws of economics.
C) protective tariffs are beneficial to a nationʹs economic growth.
D) government taxes should be levied against the land.
E) fewer restrictions on individuals leads to prosperity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 557
34) According to Locke and most political thinkers of the Enlightenment, government existed to
A) maintain the rights of its people.
B) safeguard the interests of the ruling classes.
C) try to bring about a democratic constitution.
D) assist in achieving equalization of property.
E) regulate the safety and security of its citizens.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 558
233
35) Two different concepts of a ʺsocial contractʺ theory were put forth by
A) Rousseau and Locke.
B) Montesquieu and Rousseau.
C) Voltaire and Rousseau.
D) Voltaire and Montesquieu.
E) Francois Quesney and Madame Gacon-Dafour.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 558
36) The government of choice for the philosophes was

A) democracy.
B) theocracy.
C) constitutional monarchy.
D) absolute monarchy.
E) no organized government.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 557
37) Proponents of the theory known as enlightened despotism were often
A) English merchants.
B) Prussian soldiers.
C) French intellectuals.
D) Dutch bankers.
E) French commoners.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 559-561
38) Frederick the Great instituted all of the following reforms in Prussia EXCEPT the
A) reorganization of the civil service.
B) abolition of serfdom.
C) abolition of torture.
D) recognition of civil equality for Roman Catholics.
E) importation of new crops.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 559
39) Which of the following monarchs is NOT considered an enlightened despot?
A) Catherine the Great of Russia
B) Louis XV of France
C) Joseph II of Austria
D) Frederick the Great of Prussia
Answer: B
Page Ref: 559-560
234
40) All of the following are examples of the Baroque movement EXCEPT
A) Dresden, Germany.
B) St. Petersburg, Russia.
C) St. Paulʹs in London.
D) Portuguese churches in Brazil.
E) the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 559
41) Catherine the Great of Russia
A) secularized church lands.
B) enhanced royal authority.
C) permitted publication of controversial works.
D) subsidized artists and writers.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 560
42) During the reign of Joseph II, Austria became more authoritarian toward the two kingdoms of
A) Bavaria and Hanover.
B) Bohemia and Hungary.
C) Turkey and Greece.
D) Bosnia and Serbia.
E) Naples and Venice.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 561
43) Louis XVI had alienated most of his subjects by the summer of 1789 in all the following ways
EXCEPT
A) his political ties to Prussia.
B) the behavior of his queen, Marie Antoinette.
C) his failure to solve the national debt question.
D) indecision and poor political judgment.
E) laziness.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 561
44) The immediate cause of the French Revolution was
A) a financial crisis.
B) a constitutional crisis.
C) rioting in the city streets.
D) war with Great Britain.
E) the death of Louis XVI.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 562
235
45) The Habsburg princess, Marie Antoinette, was married to
A) Frederick the Great of Prussia.
B) George III of England.
C) Louis XVI of France.
D) Louis XV of France.
E) Joseph II of Austria.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 562
46) The famous cahiers drawn up for the guidance of the delegates to the Estates -General included

all of the following demands EXCEPT
A) ending press censorship.
B) abolishing the monarchy.
C) ending unfair taxation.
D) establishing jury trials.
E) creating a national legislature.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 563
47) The Third Estate in France refers to the legally recognized
A) landowning class.
B) commoners.
C) noble class.
D) military class.
E) clergy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 563
48) With which of these issues was the Tennis Court Oath chiefly concerned?

A) making a constitution for France
B) destruction of feudalism
C) war on Austria and Prussia
D) formation of the National Assembly
E) abdication of the king
Answer: A
Page Ref: 563
49) Symbolic of the fall of the Old Regime in France was the
A) calling of the Estates-General.
B) taking of the Bastille.
C) preparation of the cahiers.
D) beheading of Louis XVI.
E) burning of feudal documents.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 564
236
50) On the night of August 4, 1789,
A) the monarchy was abolished.
B) the Revolution was proclaimed.
C) church property was seized.
D) feudalism was destroyed in France.
E) the Estates-General was destroyed.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 564
51) The authors of the Declaration of the Rights of Man were primarily interested in

A) protecting rights of common people to an adequate share of the national wealth.
B) establishing a republican form of government.
C) extending the suffrage of all classes.
D) protecting personal, political, and property rights.
E) abolishing serfdom.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 564
52) Given its content, it is clear that the Declaration of the Rights of Man is a statement of the

A) middle class.
B) socialists.
C) clergy.
D) aristocracy.
E) monarchy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 564
53) The principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man did NOT include

A) equalization of all property.
B) freedom of the press.
C) the right to resist oppressive government.
D) equality before the law.
E) freedom of religion.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 564
54) The consequences of the French Revolution for women included
A) death by guillotine for radical women leaders.
B) womenʹs civil rights.
C) liberal divorce laws.
D) funding for education.
E) incorporating the Friends of Truth into the revolution.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 566
237
55) The National Assemblyʹs position on slavery in the colonies
A) fueled a war with Spain.
B) resulted in no change of policy.
C) was supported by all segments of the French population.
D) was impotent.
E) freed all slaves.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 566
56) One of the most radical groups in France during the French Revolution was the
A) Assignats.
B) Bonapartists.
C) Jacobins.
D) Constitutionalists.
E) Citizens for Democracy Committee.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 569
57) Which of the following was most responsible for the ʺSeptember Massacresʺ?
A) Paris Commune
B) National Convention
C) Committee of Public Safety
D) Prussian military.
E) foreign activists
Answer: A
Page Ref: 569
58) Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
A) were executed.
B) lived in exile at her home in Austria.
C) were banished from France.
D) were ransomed by an ambassador from England.
E) were imprisoned throughout the revolution.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 570
59) During the French Revolution, France declared war on
A) America.
B) Austria and Prussia.
C) Spain and Russia.
D) Holland
E) Britain and Spain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 570
238
60) The Convention carried out all of the following EXCEPT
A) establishing price controls.
B) drafting a constitution.
C) adopting equal rights for women.
D) adopting a Republican calendar.
E) allowing radicals free debate.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 569-570
61) The individual most closely associated with the ʺReign of Terrorʺ was
A) Louis XVI.
B) Maximilien Robespierre.
C) Jean Paul Marat.
D) Georges Danton.
E) Charlotte Corday.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 570
62) With the overthrow of Robespierre, the Revolution became decidedly more
A) democratic.
B) liberal and democratic.
C) socialistic.
D) cynical.
E) terror-filled.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 571
63) The Jacobins
A) used extensive economic controls.
B) were successful militarily.
C) abolished titles.
D) guaranteed private property.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 571
64) Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Directory?
A) It adhered to royalist principles.
B) It was dependent on the military.
C) It espoused anti-democratic rhetoric.
D) It drastically reduced the number of voters.
E) The majority of French were worse off than before the Revolution.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 572
239
65) Napoleon was born on the island of
A) Sardinia.
B) St. Helena.
C) Elba.
D) Corsica.
E) Malta.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 572
66) Napoleon was sent to Egypt for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A) to alleviate Franceʹs debt by confiscating the resources of Egypt.
B) to launch an attack on India.
C) to weaken Great Britain.
D) to remove the threat he posed to the Directory.
E) to injure Britainʹs economic system.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 573
67) While in Egypt, the French troops discovered
A) the Rosetta Stone.
B) the tomb of King Tut.
C) oil.
D) the Valley of Kings.
E) the secret burial Chamber of the Great Pyramid.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 573
68) The most striking result of the French Revolution was
A) its destruction of industrial growth in the Habsburg Empire.
B) its achievement of liberty for all.
C) its reduction of western European economic dependence on Russia.
D) its violent disturbance of the old orders in Europe.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 574
69) The Concordat of 1801 involved
A) the reorganization of the education system.
B) Napoleonʹs economic boycott of Great Britain.
C) Napoleonʹs plan for a united Europe.
D) the return of Catholicism as the state church of France.
E) peace with Austria.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 574
240
70) Napoleonʹs most famous accomplishment was the
A) revolutionary calendar.
B) Continental System.
C) Civil Code of Law.
D) destruction of the Directory.
E) unification of Europe.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 575
71) The significance of the Battle of Trafalgar was the
A) defeat of Napoleon by Admiral Nelson.
B) defeat of Napoleon by Russia.
C) victory of Napoleon over the Prussians.
D) victory of Napoleon over Great Britain.
E) French invasion of Britain.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 575
72) All of the following constituted Napoleonʹs impact on the rest of the 19th century EXCEPT
A) institutional reforms across Europe.
B) Prussian growth in strength and leadership toward German nationalism.
C) Britainʹs economic development.
D) the establishment of an independent Poland.
E) a growing nationalism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 576
73) Napoleonʹs Russian campaign resulted in
A) the defeat of Russia and the loss of territory to France.
B) the defeat of Napoleon and the loss of 500,000 French troops.
C) an alliance between Austria and France.
D) the French armyʹs failure to reach Moscow.
E) forcing Russia to modernize.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 577
74) Napoleonʹs final military defeat was
A) the Battle of Waterloo.
B) on the island of St. Helena.
C) the Battle of Elba.
D) the Battle of Auerstädt.
E) the Battle of Nations.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 577
241
Chapter 19 Africa in the World Economy, 1650-1850
1) The most productive European plantations were located in the
A) East Indies.
B) southern regions of North America.
C) the South American colonies.
D) West Indies.
E) Mediterranean region.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 582
2) Until the 19th century, the European presence in Africa was
A) nonexistent.
B) all-pervasive, covering all of Africa.
C) limited to coastal trading ports.
D) limited to a few Christian missionaries.
E) confined to North Africa.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 582
3) Barracoons were
A) Dutch slave traders.
B) slave stockades on the African coast.
C) used as currency in West Africa.
D) the African rulers who controlled the slave trade.
E) African slaves who worked for the slave traders.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 582
4) In the African slave trade, most slaves were provided by
A) various African leaders.
B) Portuguese raiding parties.
C) British colonists.
D) European slave hunters.
E) slave-trading companies.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 583
5) During the Middle Passage of the 17th century,
A) there were many slave revolts, but most failed.
B) the mortality rate for the slaves was up to 20 percent.
C) European crews experienced a mortality rate almost as high as the slaves.
D) the voyage lasted one to two months.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 583
242
6) Slaver John Newtonʹs legacy became
A) the British abolition of the slave trade.
B) the hymn Amazing Grace.
C) a bill in Parliament to abolish slavery.
D) founding the Anti-Slavery Society.
E) an anti-slavery movement in Africa.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 586
7) Which century has been labeled the ʺslave centuryʺ?
A) 17th century
B) 19th century
C) 18th century
D) 16th century
E) 15th century
Answer: C
Page Ref: 586
8) All of the following were significant causes for the outlawing of the Atlantic slave trade
EXCEPT
A) the Enlightenment.
B) humanitarian movements in England.
C) African rulersʹ refusal to cooperate with the slave buyers.
D) declining profitability of Britainʹs Caribbean plantations.
E) a rise in the price of slaves.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 587
9) Despite human losses due to the slave trade, African population increased due to
A) immigration from Europe.
B) immigration from Asia.
C) better nutrition due to new foods introduced by the Europeans.
D) rising fertility rate due to better nutrition.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 587
10) Manumission referred to
A) the practice of freeing slaves from bondage.
B) the ʺfloating tombsʺ that carried the slaves to the New World.
C) the introduction of new food products into Africa and Europe.
D) those African kingdoms that increased their wealth and power through the slave trade.
E) British ships that patrolled the Atlantic to stop the slave trade.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 587
243
11) Dahomey, Yoruba, and Asante refer to
A) African language groups.
B) geographic regions of Africa.
C) rulers of West Africa.
D) states of Africa that were involved in the slave trade.
E) African kingdoms that attempted to stop slavery.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 587
12) Which European country invaded Kongo and fragmented it into mini-states?
A) Holland B) Spain C) England D) Portugal E) France
Answer: D
Page Ref: 590
13) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Kimpa Vita?
A) She was burned at the stake for treason.
B) She combined the beliefs of Kongo and Christianity.
C) She advocated the unification of Kongo.
D) Her message was popular with the noble families but not the peasants.
E) She claimed to have been possessed by the spirit of St. Anthony.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 590
14) Kimpa Vita attempted to restore stability to the kingdom of Kongo by
A) her military prowess.
B) her belief in a personal religious experience.
C) a treaty with Portugal.
D) seeking assistance of the Arabs.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 590
15) Angola became a(n)
A) vast slave hunting preserve.
B) independent state.
C) major gold producing state in Africa.
D) colony of the Dutch.
E) British colony.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 590
16) What do Sierra Leone and Gabon have in common?
A) They benefited from gold and diamond discoveries.
B) Both were Portuguese colonies.
C) They were established by the United States as colonies for former slaves.
D) They forbade all missionary activity.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 591
244
17) By 1780, which of the following countries dominated the slave trade?
A) Great Britain
B) France
C) Portugal
D) Holland
E) Spain
Answer: A
Page Ref: 591
18) The nation of ________ was founded by the American Colonization Society for free African
Americans who wished to return to Africa.
A) Libya B) Algeria C) Ethiopia D) Liberia E) Sudan
Answer: D
Page Ref: 591
19) As the Atlantic slave trade ended, Africans engaged in which of the following to maintain
their economic structure?
A) They continued the slave trade with Arabs in East Africa.
B) They expanded the ivory trade.
C) They expanded the gold trade.
D) They traded palm oil and peanuts.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 591-592
20) During the 18th and 19th centuries the Muslim Empire in Africa
A) continued the slave trade in eastern Africa.
B) included Morocco after 1631.
C) expanded commerce.
D) spread by the use of jihad.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 592
21) ________ was an important center of Islamic learning in the region near Lake Chad.
A) Songhay
B) Tuaregs
C) Kanem-Bornu
D) Katsina
E) Gobir
Answer: C
Page Ref: 592
22) The African group that oversaw an Islamic revival was the
A) Fulani. B) Kush. C) Ibos. D) Hausas. E) Jalonke.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 592
245
23) Which of the following was true of Usman dan Fodio?
A) He established a Hausa aristocracy.
B) His kingdom encompassed the Nile River Valley.
C) He preached the fundamental principles of living a disciplined and devout Muslim life.
D) He resisted the spread of Islam.
E) He liberated women within the Sokoto Caliphate.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 594
24) The Islamic Sokoto Caliphate established in the late 18 th century

A) traded with India.
B) eliminated slavery in the Niger River region.
C) continued slavery.
D) was located along the Kongo River.
E) improved the lives of the peasants.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 594
25) The early inhabitants of South Africa
A) migrated south of the Limpopo River.
B) formed clan-based chiefdoms.
C) were hunters and gatherers.
D) were Bantu-speaking groups.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 594
26) The Dutch were the first European settlers
A) in North America.
B) in Kamchatka.
C) in the Cape Colony.
D) in Tierra del Fuego.
E) in the Kongo basin.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 595
27) The Boers clashed with the Africans initially over the issue of
A) religious discord.
B) the ivory trade.
C) the slave trade.
D) conflict over land usage for hunting and cattle.
E) racial equality.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 595
246
28) ________, chief of the Zulu people, carried out wars of conquest to incorporate territory in
southeastern Africa in his empire.
A) Thaba Bosiu
B) Shaka
C) Moshoeshoe
D) Mefecane
E) Dineswayo
Answer: B
Page Ref: 596
29) Moshoeshoe forged his kingdom by
A) diplomatic skill.
B) merging clans and refugees.
C) his military prowess.
D) exploiting divisions among his opponents.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 597
30) Relations between the British and the Afrikaners deteriorated for all the following reasons
EXCEPT
A) British interference in the Afrikanersʹ markets.
B) British abolition of slavery.
C) British political dominance.
D) British return of land to Africans.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 597
31) When the Boers traveled north in the Great Trek, they established
A) a direct access to the Indian Ocean trade outlets.
B) new plantations.
C) their dominance over the English.
D) the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
E) an empire reaching from the Cape to the Sahara.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 598
32) Reasons for the Mfecane include all of the following EXCEPT
A) increased competition by chiefdoms for grazing land.
B) the control of the ivory trade.
C) the cattle trade.
D) the Zulu became the dominant class.
E) European interference.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 598
247
33) The British went to war with the Zulu because
A) the Zulu denied them access to natural resources.
B) the Zulu refused to cooperate with slave traders.
C) the British perceived them as an obstacle to white control in diamond -producing
regions.
D) the British demanded tax payments and the Zulu refused.
E) the Zulu demanded the Afrikaners abandon the Cape Colony.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 599-601
34) The warlord Dombo restricted access to the Portuguese and used his slave army to exact
tribute from natives and hunt ivory in
A) the Niger River region.
B) the Nile River region.
C) the Kongo River region.
D) the Zambezi River region.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 601
35) In East Africa, Islam
A) was under constant attack from Christian Ethiopia.
B) did not achieve many converts.
C) was restricted to the coastal regions.
D) eliminated all opposition.
E) abolished non-Muslim slavery.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 601
36) During the 18th and 19 th centuries Oman on the Arabian peninsula exported dates in

exchange for
A) slaves. B) ivory. C) gold. D) palm oil. E) cloves.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 602
37) The primary language of the traders in east Africa was
A) Swahili.
B) Portuguese.
C) Zulu.
D) English.
E) Arabic.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 603
248
38) Rwanda in Central Africa
A) depended on the slave trade.
B) had a centralized government favoring the Tutsi minority.
C) was dependent on long-distant trade.
D) had a Hutu majority government that persecuted the Tutsi minority.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 603
39) All of the following are consistent with Ethiopiaʹs history EXCEPT
A) slaves, coffee, and salt were major exports.
B) disagreements between the Catholic and Ethiopian religions.
C) Muslims were outlawed.
D) during the mid-18th and early 19th centuries, the monarchy was unable to restore its
power.
E) fragmentation.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 603
40) The oldest African state is
A) Libya.
B) Sudan.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Tunisia.
E) Morocco.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 604
249
Chapter 20 Asian and Middle Eastern Empires
and Nations, 1650-1815
1) The Muslim Empire entered the 18th century
A) in a precarious military and economic state.
B) as a major power able to dominate European competition.
C) with a diverse economy.
D) as a fragmented area with no central government.
E) in the Glory of a Golden Age.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 608
2) By the mid-17th century, Istanbul was in a panic due to all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) a power struggle between the military and the sultan.
B) scarce food supplies.
C) Venetians had defeated the Ottoman fleet.
D) eastern Anatolia was under the control of rebels.
E) a power struggle between the ulama and sufis.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 609
3) What is a vizir?
A) the commander of the Ottoman military
B) the chief minister in the Ottoman government
C) a traitor to Islam
D) a non-Muslim living in a Muslim country
E) a Muslim scholar
Answer: B
Page Ref: 609
4) During the Tulip Period of the Ottoman Empire,
A) a rebellion and the sultanʹs abdication ended the era.
B) elaborate gardens were constructed.
C) elites became extravagant consumers of French styles.
D) patronage of the arts was emphasized.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 610
5) Which of the following was NOT an indication of the Ottoman Empireʹs political weakness?
A) French invasions of Egypt
B) loss of Jerusalem
C) loss of Hungary
D) loss of the Crimea
E) Austrian right to interfere in affairs of Catholics within the Ottoman Empire
Answer: B
Page Ref: 612
250
6) The leader of a puritanical movement in opposition to the Turks in Arabia was
A) Suleiman the Magnificent.
B) Lawrence of Arabia.
C) Muhammad Ali.
D) Abdul Wahhabi.
E) Selim III.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 612
7) The legacy of Franceʹs invasion of Ottoman Egypt included
A) France establishing a colony in Egypt.
B) an alliance between France and the Ottoman Empire against Britain.
C) a major victory for Napoleon.
D) a new European interest in the regionʹs culture.
E) a legacy of scholarship.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 612
8) The Ottoman Sultan who tried to implement major reforms under the influence of the French
was
A) Muhammad Ali.
B) Sultan of Tehran.
C) Selim III.
D) Suleiman the Magnificent.
E) Küchük Kaynarca.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 612
9) The Persian Empire of the 17th century was the
A) Abbasid.
B) Safavid.
C) Ottoman.
D) Romanov.
E) Seljuq.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 613
10) The end of the Persian Empire was initiated by
A) a British invasion.
B) an Afghan invasion.
C) an Ottoman invasion.
D) a Russian invasion.
E) an Abbasid invasion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 613
251
11) Which of the following was NOT a result of Shah Nadir Khanʹs reign?
A) opposition from the Shiʹites
B) a new dynasty
C) domination of the Uzbeks
D) reorganization of the army
E) assassination by his own men.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 613
12) The warlord Karim Khanʹs reign experienced what success(es)?
A) subjugation of the Ottoman Empire
B) defeat of the British in the Persian Gulf
C) an invasion of Iraq
D) annexation of Afghanistan
E) all of the above
Answer: C
Page Ref: 613
13) One area of the Muslim Empire that came under increasing interest to Britain, France, and
Russia for its trade and strategic location was
A) Afghanistan.
B) Iran.
C) Jerusalem.
D) Indonesia.
E) Egypt.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 613
14) Which of the following statements concerning the Qajar dynasty is TRUE?
A) It ruled Persia for less than 50 years.
B) France had agreed to train its military but abandoned Iran to sign a truce with Russia.
C) It was dominated by a confederation of warlords.
D) It ushered in a period of instability.
E) The Iranians were now in the weakened position rather than the Europeans.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 613-614
15) The decline of the Mughal dynasty in the 18th century was characterized by
A) outside invasions and destruction.
B) decline of the arts and architecture.
C) breakaway autonomous movements within the empire.
D) the end of religious tolerance.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 614
252
16) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the rule of Aurangzeb?
A) tax farms
B) Islamic orthodoxy
C) increase in trade
D) jizya
E) extravagant lifestyles of excess
Answer: E
Page Ref: 614
17) Of what significance were the Marathas?
A) They were an ambitious and powerful tribal confederation in the south of India.
B) They ousted Aurangzeb.
C) They assisted the British in seizing India.
D) They were a religious minority who had converted to Christianity.
E) They allied with Aurangzeb to crush the Hindus.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 614
18) Who burned and looted the Mughal capital of Delhi?
A) Iranians B) Chinese C) British D) Afghans E) French
Answer: A
Page Ref: 615
19) The Afghan empire increased its power because of the weakness of the
A) Chinese.
B) Dutch and Portuguese.
C) Mughals.
D) Russians and British.
E) Muslims.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 615
20) Marathas in India
A) revived the notion of Hindu kingship of India.
B) expanded their territory into Southeast Asia.
C) supported the Muslim rule of India.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 615
21) When the 17th century began, who controlled trade with India?
A) the British Parliament
B) the French
C) the East India Company
D) the Portuguese
E) the Muslim rulers
Answer: C
Page Ref: 616
253
22) Which Indian city was established as a commercial center for British traders?
A) New Delhi
B) Madras
C) Bombay
D) Calcutta
E) Sri Lanka
Answer: D
Page Ref: 616
23) What method of economics dominated the British trade with India?
A) mercantilism
B) capitalism
C) utilitarian
D) laissez-faire
E) factory system
Answer: A
Page Ref: 617
24) The battle won by the British that gave them virtual control of Bengal was at
A) Kashmir.
B) Plassey.
C) Delhi.
D) Goa.
E) Siraj ud-Dawla.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 617
25) The major European competitors for the British in the 18th century in India were the
A) French.
B) Portuguese.
C) Chinese.
D) Russians.
E) Spanish.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 617
26) How did the British East India Company gain control of the entire subcontinent?
A) A joint force of French and British military regiments maintained control of the
subcontinent.
B) They did not control the subcontinent.
C) Indian armies controlled the subcontinent with British officers.
D) The British navy held control of the ports, therefore, the entire region.
E) A large standing army of British regulars was necessary.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 618
254
27) Where did the Manchus originate?
A) Korea
B) Mongolia
C) north of the Great Wall
D) Japan
E) Siberia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 618
28) Why were the Manchus in China?
A) They became allies of the Ming dynasty through royal marriage.
B) They refused to accept the border established by the Ming dynasty.
C) They were invited by the Ming loyalists to defeat a rebel army.
D) They were allies with Japan who desired to dominate China.
E) They intended to establish a Muslim kingdom in China.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 618
29) Which of the following is TRUE concerning the Manchus?
A) They were totally opposed to any western notions.
B) They annexed Thailand.
C) They extended their control over Taiwan.
D) They converted to Catholicism.
E) They confiscated land from Chinese farmers.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 618
30) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the rule of Kangxi?
A) religious toleration
B) the required practice of ancestral rites
C) decline of the arts
D) support for the Jesuits
E) encouragement of civil service exams
Answer: C
Page Ref: 619
31) Which of the following best distinguished agriculture during the reign of Qianlong?
A) decrease in silk production
B) maintenance of traditional crops
C) new plants from the Americas
D) famine
E) legalization of hereditary slavery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 619-620
255
32) Negative results of economic growth in China included
A) migration of peoples and conflict.
B) larger families.
C) depletion of resources.
D) deforestation and flooding.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 620-621
33) All of the following were consistent for women during the Manchu dynasty EXCEPT
A) expansion of literacy.
B) women became poets, philosophers, and historians.
C) foot binding.
D) widows were encouraged to remarry.
E) families prided themselves on having talented daughters.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 621
34) The White Lotus movement promised
A) increased industrial output.
B) universal elementary education.
C) equal social standing among classes.
D) equal rights for women.
E) the end of ethnic tensions.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 623
35) The Qing restricted western trade to
A) Guangzhou.
B) Nanjing (Nanking).
C) Shanghai.
D) Chongquing.
E) Beijing.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 623
36) The worldʹs greatest empire in 1700 had become one of its weakest by 1900 due to all of the
following EXCEPT
A) opium.
B) free trade.
C) the tribute system.
D) civil war.
E) China rebuffed British attempts at open trade.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 623
256
37) Factional disputes concerning which of the following issues weakened Korea?
A) military conscription
B) borders
C) religion
D) customs and morals
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 623
38) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Korea during the 18th century?
A) women writers
B) focus on Korean themes in literature
C) use of Hanʹgul
D) permanent implementation of religious toleration
E) Confucian ceremonies and rituals
Answer: D
Page Ref: 623
39) After a series of extremely difficult social, political, and economic crises, the Koreans
embarked on a movement known as
A) the four-tailed path.
B) the Pak plan.
C) Bushido.
D) practical learning.
E) yangban.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 624
40) The Tokugawa political system could be characterized as
A) a semi-feudal state that controlled the military class but kept the domains under the
daimyo.
B) a centralized monarchy as in Europe.
C) warring feudal states.
D) entirely separate independent domains ruled by daimyo.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 625
41) The alternate attendance system was intended to
A) end serfdom.
B) establish a middle class.
C) increase tax revenue.
D) control the daimyo.
E) control the shogun.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 625
257
42) Which of the following was NOT a result of the Tokugawaʹs control of the daimyo?
A) lower administrative costs
B) an internal market
C) development of early manufacturing
D) new jobs
E) Japanese nationalism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 626
43) Until the 1680s, when supplies diminished, which of the following was a major export of
Japan?
A) silk B) silver C) gold D) spices E) jade
Answer: B
Page Ref: 626
44) Why did Tokugawa limit diplomatic and commercial relations with European countries?
A) the superior military of the Europeans
B) European missionary activities
C) an unfavorable balance of trade
D) no interest in trade
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Page Ref: 626
45) Which European country was allowed to maintain trade with Japan?
A) France B) Portugal C) Holland D) Britain E) Russia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 626
46) What was the Shimabara uprising?
A) Christians who refused to renounce their religion were crushed by the Tokugawa and
Dutch.
B) The Portuguese attempted to maintain their presence in Japan for commercial interests.
C) It was a Buddhist rebellion.
D) A rival shogun attempted to seize control of the government.
E) It was a revival of Christianity.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 626
47) Which Japanese city grew as a result of being a trading center?
A) Edo
B) Kyoto
C) Seoul
D) Nagasaki
E) Kangxi
Answer: D
Page Ref: 627
258
48) Which of the following best illustrates Japan during the 17th century?
A) village self-governance
B) urban growth
C) peace
D) declining wealth of the samurai
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 627
49) Middle-class women challenged the Neo-Confucian ideology by
A) obtaining an education.
B) demanding a role in government.
C) rebelling.
D) winning the right to own property.
E) gaining equal rights.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 628-629
50) The indigenous religion of Japan was
A) Confucianism.
B) Buddhism.
C) Zoroastrianism.
D) Shinto.
E) Hinduism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 629
51) Bushido is the
A) dominant religion of Japan.
B) economic system of Tokugawa.
C) belief that the samurai and shogun upheld military values.
D) law that governed merchants as the lowest level of society.
E) Confucian school of learning.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 629
52) How did the ʺHeart Learningʺ of Ishida Baigan affect Japan?
A) It opened trade with all European nations.
B) It praised honorable merchants so modern economic development was possible later.
C) It caused an open discussion of military and political subjects.
D) It emphasized equality.
E) It caused literacy to increase dramatically.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 630
259
53) Who were the ʺgeishaʺ?
A) female entertainers trained from early childhood whose freedom was totally restricted
B) artists and writers who satirized the bushido and samurai
C) ʺpleasure quartersʺ of Japanese cities
D) sex slaves
E) finely dressed dandies who prided themselves on knowing the latest gossip
Answer: A
Page Ref: 630
54) What is a form of poetry consisting of 17 syllables that links seemingly dissimilar objects?
A) ʺfloating worldʺ
B) haiku
C) bunraku
D) kabuki
E) shunga
Answer: B
Page Ref: 631
55) Theater in Japan during the 17th and 18th centuries emphasized
A) political themes.
B) religious themes.
C) family struggles.
D) secular themes.
E) satire.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 632
56) Which European nation gained control of Indonesia?
A) Holland B) Portugal C) Britain D) France E) Spain
Answer: A
Page Ref: 632
57) Which nation thwarted French attempts to colonize Southeast Asia?
A) Holland B) Thailand C) Britain D) China E) Vietnam
Answer: B
Page Ref: 633
58) Where was Magellan killed, thus forcing his crew to complete the around -the-world voyage

without his leadership?
A) Australia
B) Hawaii
C) the Philippines
D) Tahiti
E) Borneo
Answer: C
Page Ref: 633
260
59) After a time of turmoil, which family came into power in Vietnam?
A) Nguyen B) Trinh C) Le D) Tay Son E) Cham
Answer: A
Page Ref: 633
60) Who were the Bugis?
A) Muslim Malay people
B) Dutch merchants in Indonesia
C) the indigenous people of Cambodia
D) the intellectual class of Vietnam
E) peasants of the Philippines
Answer: A
Page Ref: 634
61) Which of the following was NOT one of the major European explorers of the Pacific?
A) James Cook
B) Louis de Bougainville
C) Vitus Bering
D) Amerigo Vespucci
E) Abel Tasman
Answer: D
Page Ref: 634-635
62) Thanks to the work of the Romanovs in the century after the Time of Troubles, Russia
dominated ________ in the 18th century.
A) Central Asia
B) Central Europe
C) the Northern Pacific
D) Mongolia
E) Europe
Answer: C
Page Ref: 636
63) Australia was founded
A) by the French as a defensive outpost.
B) by the Italians as a leper colony.
C) by the Dutch as a commercial colony.
D) by the British as a penal colony.
E) by the Portuguese as a trading post.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 635
261
64) When the British replaced the Dutch as the major European traders with China in the 1790s,
they first tried to exchange cotton for Chinese tea and silk, then opium, and then
A) they established ports as centers for fitting ships.
B) they established ports as centers for recruiting sailors.
C) they traded for porcelain pottery.
D) they traded furs, especially sea otter skins.
E) they dictated all terms of trade to the Chinese.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 636
262
Chapter 21 The Americas, 1650-1825
1) The basic economic policy Spain used in dealing with its Latin American colonies was
A) laissez-faire.
B) benign neglect.
C) mercantilism.
D) the Open Door policy.
E) capitalism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 640
2) The white inhabitants born in the Spanish colonies who dominated colonial society were
known as
A) creoles.
B) mulattoes.
C) mestizos.
D) peninsulares.
E) europeos.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 640
3) Haciendas were
A) Spanish adventurers.
B) agricultural estates owned by Spanish aristocrats.
C) people of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry.
D) Indian chiefs who ruled as puppets of the Spanish colonial government.
E) positions in municipal offices.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 640
4) In the hierarchical system of Iberian colonies, which of the following ranked highest?
A) slaves
B) zambos
C) mestizos
D) mulattoes
Answer: C
Page Ref: 640-641
5) Which of the following did NOT work to convert the population of the New World to
Christianity?
A) Jesuits
B) Franciscans
C) Dominicans
D) Carmelites
Answer: D
Page Ref: 641-642
263
6) All of the following are consistent with the Iberian colonial legacy EXCEPT
A) self-government.
B) social hierarchy.
C) a small middle class.
D) dependence on slave labor.
E) dependence on colonial powers for consumer goods.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 642-644
7) The flood of bullion from the Americas to Europe
A) decreased the importance of northern European merchants.
B) ended the gold drain from Europe to Asia.
C) deflated European economies.
D) created a money shortage.
E) had no lasting impact on European economics.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 642
8) The plantation system in the Iberian colonies
A) raised and processed products for export within the Iberian empires.
B) allowed land ownership to all social classes.
C) introduced efficient farming methods.
D) did not raise items for domestic use.
E) practiced good soil management to protect massive investments.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 642-644
9) The Portuguese colony of Brazil
A) specialized in tobacco production.
B) did not depend on slave labor.
C) experienced a more tightly organized colonial government than the Spanish colonies.
D) was powerless to stop Dutch and French interference.
E) had a large population of European Americans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 645
10) Until the end of the 17th century, ________ remained the major enterprise of Brazil.
A) rice B) gold C) sugar D) tobacco E) cotton
Answer: D
Page Ref: 645
11) All of the following were consistent with the European domination of the West Indies EXCEPT
A) pirates and thieves exploited the area.
B) France was driven out by England and Holland.
C) slaves were imported from Africa.
D) indentured workers from Europe helped to fill the labor gap.
E) the French, Dutch, and English used the islands as bases to disrupt Spanish trade.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 646
264
12) The Europeans brought these people to work the plantations.
A) French Huguenots
B) Africans
C) indentured workers
D) debt prisoners
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 646
13) Among the background causes of the American Revolution were all of the following EXCEPT
A) the accession of King George III.
B) the legacy of the Enlightenment.
C) commercial competition with Spain.
D) the arrival of religious dissenters in America.
E) experience in self-government.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 647
14) Which of the following policies of George Grenville, designed to settle problems in North
America, aroused resentment in the American colonies?
A) military conscription
B) an export tax
C) closing to settlement the land beyond the Appalachians
D) tax exempt status for colonial merchants
E) establishing the Church of England as the state church in all of the colonies
Answer: C
Page Ref: 648
15) The most hated of the British revenue bills inflicted on the American colonies was
A) the Stamp Act.
B) the Townshend Duties.
C) the Quebec Act.
D) the Sugar Act.
E) the Tea Tax.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 648
16) The leading agitator for American independence was
A) George Washington.
B) Benjamin Franklin.
C) John Adams.
D) Sam Adams.
E) Paul Revere.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 649
265
17) The Intolerable Acts resulted in
A) closure of the Boston Harbor.
B) political offenders being removed to England for trial.
C) revocation of the Massachusetts Charter.
D) suspended town meetings.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 649
18) The American Revolution began at
A) the Boston Tea Party.
B) the Battle of Lexington.
C) the Boston Massacre.
D) the Battle of Bunker Hill.
E) Valley Forge.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 650
19) ʺThese are the times to try menʹs soulsʺ is a quote from
A) Patrick Henry.
B) Thomas Jefferson.
C) Benjamin Franklin.
D) Thomas Paine.
E) George Washington.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 650
20) The battle fought in upstate New York that proved to be the turning point of the American
Revolution was
A) Saratoga.
B) Yorktown.
C) Kingʹs Mountain.
D) Bunker Hill.
E) Brooklyn Heights.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 650
21) The British military surrender was the result of
A) defeat at the Battle of Yorktown.
B) the French declaration of war on the British.
C) negotiations by the French.
D) defeat at the Battle of Trenton.
E) the political currents in London.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 650
266
22) Thomas Paineʹs purpose in writing Common Sense was
A) to persuade France to assist the American colonies in war.
B) to unite the American people in favor of independence.
C) to convince England to avoid war.
D) to declare independence from England.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 650
23) The author of the Declaration of Independence was
A) Benjamin Franklin.
B) Samuel Adams.
C) James Madison.
D) Thomas Jefferson.
E) Alexander Hamilton.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 650
24) One of the weaknesses of the American government under the Articles of Confederation was
that
A) each state had too little power.
B) it was too decentralized.
C) no European power would recognize it.
D) it was too centralized.
E) too much power was held in the executive branch of government.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 650
25) The United States differed from other nations for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) state constitutions guaranteed personal freedoms.
B) church and state ties were severed.
C) common people participated in the government.
D) mercantilism remained the dominant economic system.
E) it possessed an elaborate system of checks and balances.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 650-651
26) The Constitution
A) established the separation of powers.
B) recognized the sovereignty of the people.
C) created a federalist form of government in the United States.
D) is the supreme law of the land.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 651
267
27) Federalists were those who
A) sought to annex Canada.
B) entirely rejected the idea of national independence.
C) wanted the new constitution ratified.
D) insisted on maximum rights for individual states.
E) demanded a return to the Articles of Confederation.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 651
28) The first president of the United States was
A) George Washington.
B) Alexander Hamilton.
C) John Adams.
D) Thomas Jefferson.
E) Benjamin Franklin.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 652
29) Significant results of the American Revolution included
A) more freedom for more people than any other country at that time.
B) a revolution in Mexico.
C) no impact outside the borders of the United States.
D) the dissolution of the British Empire.
E) the abolition of slavery.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 651
30) A major impact on the United States of Napoleonʹs foreign policy included
A) doubling the size of the continental United States.
B) the loss of Florida.
C) the involvement of the United States in a war.
D) the acquisition of California.
E) the annexation of Puerto Rico.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 652
31) American women during the Revolution did NOT
A) impersonate men to serve in the military.
B) author revolutionary pamphlets and organize boycotts.
C) serve as military spies.
D) support the war effort.
E) gain political equality.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 652-653
268
32) All the following are true of Native Americans during and after the American Revolution
EXCEPT
A) negotiation of multiple treaties.
B) supporting Britain in the war.
C) defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
D) loss of territory.
E) a unified defense.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 653
33) Toussaint LʹOuverture of Santo Domingo
A) united the slave and peasant population in the common goal of independence.
B) was captured by the French and died before an independent Haiti was established.
C) defeated both the French and the British to establish independence.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 654
34) The spark that set off the ʺlegalʺ phase of the Latin American revolutions was the
A) defeat of the Spanish navy in 1805 at Trafalgar.
B) defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
C) creation by Napoleon of a Bonapartist regime in Spain.
D) outbreak of the Peninsular War.
E) French Revolution.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 655
35) The revolutionary movements of the late 18th century were influenced by all of the following
EXCEPT
A) mercantilism.
B) the Enlightenment.
C) drastically changing societies.
D) dynamic economies.
E) a demand for religious tolerance.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 655-656
36) The most tragic failure of the Latin American revolutions occurred in Mexico and centered on
A) Francisco de Miranda.
B) Father Hidalgo.
C) José de San Martín.
D) Símon Bolívar.
E) Pancho Villa.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 657
269
37) Independence came to Mexico in 1821 under the leadership of
A) San Martín.
B) Morelos.
C) Hidalgo.
D) Iturbide.
E) Bernardo OʹHiggins.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 657
38) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Símon Bolívar?
A) died in exile
B) known as the Liberator
C) intended to create Gran Colombia with himself in power
D) successfully allied the peoples of northern South America
E) became involved in a civil war involving various self-interest groups in South America
Answer: D
Page Ref: 657
39) As a result of the rebellions in South America, Brazil
A) became a military dictatorship.
B) became a constitutional monarchy.
C) became a democracy.
D) collapsed into anarchy.
E) became a colony of Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 658
40) Which of the following was one of the consequences of Latin American revolutions?
A) economic revival
B) political freedom but continued economic dependence on Europe
C) improved legal standing of women
D) separation of church and state
E) continuation of slavery
Answer: B
Page Ref: 658-660
41) The Monroe Doctrine of 1823
A) annexed the West Indies to the United States.
B) established a Free Trade Zone with Latin America, the United States, and Britain.
C) stated American opposition to any colonization of Latin America.
D) allowed the Latin American countries to trade only with the United States.
E) denounced the revolutions and new governments of Latin America.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 660
270
Chapter 22 Industrialization
1) In which industry did mechanization first occur?
A) armaments
B) electronics
C) automobiles
D) textiles
E) farm equipment
Answer: D
Page Ref: 664
2) John Kay invented which of the first great machines of the Industrial Revolution?
A) spinning mule
B) cotton gin
C) water frame
D) flying shuttle
E) water mule
Answer: D
Page Ref: 664
3) Due to new machines increasing the supply of yarn, which of the following resulted?
A) French domination of the textile industry
B) the invention of the power loom
C) a declining market
D) the establishment of the home-based industry
E) an increase in the cost of cloth
Answer: B
Page Ref: 664
4) Significant impacts of Eli Whitneyʹs cotton gin included all the following EXCEPT
A) it maintained the supply of cotton for the new machinery.
B) it enabled workers to clean more than 50 times as much cotton each day as before the
invention.
C) the perpetuation of slavery in the United States.
D) it caused India to replace the U.S. as Britainʹs source of cotton.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 665
5) Who adapted Newcomenʹs steam engine to power the textile industry?
A) Samuel Crompton
B) John Kay
C) James Hargreaves
D) James Watt
E) Samuel Slater
Answer: D
Page Ref: 665
271
6) Britain was the first country to industrialize for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) government support.
B) social flexibility.
C) a land rich gentry.
D) private initiative.
E) excellent ports.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 666
7) Which European country had the largest per capita income in the early 19th century?
A) Britain
B) Russia
C) Germany
D) France
E) Austria
Answer: A
Page Ref: 666
8) Which of the following statements BEST describes Britain of the 19th century?
A) France surpassed Britain in the production of steel.
B) Russia supplied Britain with coal.
C) Britain produced more iron than the rest of the world combined.
D) Due to mechanization, Britain suffered from high unemployment.
E) Britain advocated free trade.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 666
9) The continent of Europe industrialized more slowly due to all the following problems EXCEPT
A) repressive social structures.
B) lack of intellectual and financial strength among the nobles.
C) lack of natural resources.
D) repressive governments.
E) geographic obstacles.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 667
10) The first country to compete with Britain industrially was
A) France.
B) Holland.
C) Belgium.
D) Germany.
E) Austria.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 667
272
11) France and the German states experienced rapid economic growth after 1850 because
A) they profited from borrowed British technology.
B) populations increased.
C) there was a long period of peace.
D) they eliminated internal barriers to trade, such as tariffs and tolls.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 667
12) One of the most important changes to encourage the development of industry occurred in
A) transportation.
B) banking.
C) labor.
D) communication.
E) human rights.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 667
13) More capital was available after 1815 because the ________ class could invest their money in
banks, therefore, making a profit through the interest earned on that money.
A) proletariat
B) land-owning
C) middle
D) aristocratic
E) peasant
Answer: C
Page Ref: 667
14) What was the significance of the Zollverein?
A) It allowed goods to circulate among the German states without tolls.
B) It joined Scotland and England in a trade union.
C) It allowed for lower tariffs between Germany and Britain.
D) It encouraged the development of banking cooperation in Europe.
E) It raised prices and, therefore, profits.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 667
15) Which of the following statements is consistent with the population of Europe during the 19th
century?
A) The population of Europe increased more than it did during the previous 20 centuries.
B) Forty million Europeans emigrated.
C) The population increased by 130 percent.
D) Mortality rates declined.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 667
273
16) Thomas Robert Malthus predicted that
A) human reproduction would outstrip the supply of food.
B) the number of people would continue to increase unabated until an epidemic drastically
resduced the population.
C) the future of humanity would be positive due to the Industrial Revolution.
D) technical innovation in agriculture and transportation would allow the increased
population to be fed.
E) the pollution produced by industry would cause global warming.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 668
17) Which of the following countries became increasingly important as food producers to the
industrial countries?
A) Ireland and Russia
B) China and Russia
C) United States, New Zealand, and Australia
D) South American countries
E) Central and Southern European countries
Answer: C
Page Ref: 668
18) Who made a major step forward in water transportation in 1759 when he built a canal near
Manchester?
A) The Duke of Bridgewater
B) Andrew Carnegie
C) Alfred Krupp
D) John Kay
E) Samuel Crompton
Answer: A
Page Ref: 668
19) The hard surfaced road was created by
A) Robert Koch.
B) Samuel Slater.
C) Joseph Lister.
D) John McAdam.
E) George Stephenson.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 667
20) The Suez Canal
A) connected the Persian Sea with the Indian Ocean.
B) connected the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
C) eliminated the need to sail around South America to reach Asia.
D) cut the time to travel from London, England, to Bombay, India, by half.
E) connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 668
274
21) The longest railroad in Russia was the Trans-Siberian, which linked western Russia with
A) the Pacific coast.
B) the Black Sea.
C) Scandinavia.
D) Berlin and Paris.
E) the Mediterranean.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 669
22) Who built the first steam locomotive?
A) George Stephenson
B) Thomas Cranmer
C) Robert Fulton
D) William Gladstone
E) Charles Fourier
Answer: A
Page Ref: 669
23) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the transportation revolution?
A) a smaller if not more unified world
B) changes in housing patterns
C) an increase in the number of letters and packages mailed
D) an increase in the price of American wheat
E) revolutionized world trade
Answer: D
Page Ref: 669-670
24) In the early factory system, workers were
A) scarce, so they became a valuable asset.
B) allowed to share in the profits.
C) in a stable job economy.
D) subject to many injuries and diseases.
E) earning very high wages compared to the earlier cottage system of industry.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 670
25) Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the early factory system?
A) An increase in factory jobs lessened the number of women involved in prostitution.
B) Society endured high illegitimate birthrates.
C) Child labor was common.
D) Later generations profited from the sacrifices made by the first workers.
E) Living standards improved.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 672
275
26) Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is NOT true?
A) Immigration decreased as demand for agricultural workers decreased.
B) Incomes and leisure time generally increased over time.
C) Considerable damage was done to the worldʹs environment.
D) Urban areas increased.
E) Cities were never able to overcome the health crisis brought on by rapid growth.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 671-672
27) The Peterloo Massacre of 1819
A) witnessed the deaths and injuries of many workers by the British military.
B) led to the formation of a national labor union in Britain.
C) resulted in immediate labor reform legislation.
D) caused a revolution in Russia.
E) caused the French Parliament to dictate working conditions to workers and owners.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 673
28) Socialists believe
A) the system of laissez-faire capitalism is just.
B) in private ownership of businesses.
C) that with proper organization, society can be without evils.
D) that concentration of wealth aided in the creation of jobs.
E) in competition.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 673
29) The Comte de Saint-Simon advocated
A) a government of scientists, technicians, and industrialists.
B) democracy.
C) a great agricultural society.
D) a constitutional monarchy.
E) a government of workers.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 673
30) Brook Farm in Massachusetts and New Harmony in Indiana are examples of
A) successful model communities.
B) religious communities.
C) factory towns.
D) failed utopias.
E) the science of production.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 674
276
31) Karl Marx contributed to the socialist movement by
A) moving socialism to a scientific phase.
B) emphasizing philosophical abstractions.
C) establishing successful criteria for utopias.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 674
32) Das Kapital was written by
A) Owen and Fouier.
B) Hegel and Engels.
C) Marx and Engels.
D) Marx and Saint-Simon.
E) Sidney and Beatrice Webb.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 674
33) Which of the following does NOT describe Karl Marx?
A) a doctoral degree in philosophy
B) intolerant of opposition
C) a materialistic view of history
D) a poor background
E) Jewish heritage
Answer: D
Page Ref: 674
34) According to Marx, what drives history?
A) culture periods
B) class conflict
C) individual genius
D) spiritual values
E) destiny
Answer: B
Page Ref: 674
35) Communism, according to Marx, happens when
A) the bourgeois assume power.
B) people govern themselves democratically.
C) the workers control the means of production.
D) there is a world government.
E) class conflict begins.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 675
277
36) In 1864, in London, the meeting of the ________ was called to order.
A) American Federation of Labor
B) Communist Party
C) Second International
D) First International
E) the Socialist Commune
Answer: D
Page Ref: 675
37) Which of the following is consistent with Marxism?
A) Capitalism was overthrown and successfully replaced with a ʺdictatorship of the
proletariat.ʺ
B) Marx inspired the welfare state.
C) A monolithic Socialist movement dominated Europe.
D) Marxism has been successful economically.
E) Marx inspired democratic rule for more people.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 675-676
38) The labor union movement followed many different philosophies, including
A) craft organized.
B) nationwide.
C) anarchist.
D) socialist.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 676
39) Why did Marxʹs prediction of world revolution NOT occur?
A) Conditions for workers by 1914 had dramatically improved through their use of the
ballot.
B) He failed to consider the flexibility of government to reform.
C) He failed to recognize the importance of nationalism.
D) The income gap between the rich and poor decreased.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 676
40) Which of the following belonged to the bourgeoisie?
A) middle class
B) peasants
C) factory workers
D) aristocrats
Answer: A
Page Ref: 676
278
41) The members of the English middle class who spearheaded crusades to reform society had
what in common?
A) the desire to abolish slavery
B) church attendance
C) support of womenʹs rights
D) a belief in public virtue
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 677
42) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Victorian Era?
A) It was riddled with contradictions.
B) It was named after the Queen of France.
C) There were more household servants than farmers.
D) There was considerable drug abuse.
E) It experienced a series of reforms of societyʹs abuses.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 678
43) The outstanding German philosopher whose Critique of Pure Reason ushered in a new age of

philosophic idealism was
A) Kant.
B) Spener.
C) Zinzendorf.
D) Swedenborg.
E) Whitefield.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 678
44) John and Charles Wesley were the founders of
A) deism.
B) Calvinism.
C) Baptism.
D) Methodism.
E) Anabaptism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 678
45) Significant consequences of the Great Awakening include all the following EXCEPT
A) the commitment to humanitarian reforms.
B) the fulfillment of womenʹs rights.
C) the formation of new religious groups.
D) an emotional religious revival.
E) the attempt to reconcile science and revelation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 679
279
46) One of the leaders of the Oxford movement to revitalize Christianity in England was
A) Thomas More.
B) Charles Dickens.
C) John Henry Newman.
D) William Makepeace Thackeray.
E) Jemma Wilkenson.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 679
47) The pontiff who issued the assertion of papal infallibility on things spiritual and moral was
A) Pope Ignatius.
B) Pope John XXIII.
C) Pope Pius IX.
D) Pope Leo XIII.
E) Pope Innocent.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 679
48) Pope Leo XIII issued a document defining the churchʹs position in the modern age called
A) Rerum Novarum.
B) the Syllabus of Errors.
C) E Pluribus Unum.
D) Unam Sanctam.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 679
49) Which statement is NOT correct concerning the Christian churches in the 19th century?
A) They served either openly or inadvertently as conduits of European culture to the rest of
the world.
B) They worked subtly and sensitively in their missionary activities to preserve indigenous
cultures.
C) They successfully weathered the challenges of the Scientific Revolution and the
Enlightenment.
D) Some churches added the political goals of the states in which they were found.
E) They became a force against colonialism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 680
50) William Wilberforceʹs career helps demonstrate a growing commitment to
A) revolutionary activism.
B) theoretical economics.
C) humanitarian causes.
D) scientific experimentation.
E) religious reform.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 680
280
51) The belief during the 18th and 19th centuries that individuals possess natural rights and are
equal before the law is
A) socialism.
B) nationalism.
C) liberalism.
D) conservatism.
E) radicalism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 680
52) The founder of Utilitarianism was
A) Richard Price.
B) Baruch de Spinoza.
C) Jeremy Bentham.
D) Robert Turgot.
E) Charles Darwin.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 681
53) John Stuart Mill advocated
A) that humanitarianism is more important than profit.
B) that distribution of wealth depends on the law and customs, which can be changed.
C) for no government interference in the economic system.
D) that the interests of the workers and the owners donʹt coincide.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 681
54) Which of the following scientists contributed mainly to the development of medical science?
A) Mendel
B) Darwin
C) Lister
D) Weismann
E) Curie
Answer: C
Page Ref: 682
55) The two scientists whose work proved that diseases are caused by germs were
A) Pierre and Marie Curie.
B) Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.
C) James Clerk-Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz.
D) John Dalton and Michael Faraday.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 682
281
56) The discoveries of Pierre and Marie Curie related to
A) radioactivity.
B) the germ theory of disease.
C) krypton.
D) vitamins.
E) thermodynamics.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 682
57) Sir Ernest Rutherfordʹs scientific research demonstrated
A) electromagnetic phenomena.
B) that the atom is indestructible.
C) that germs cause disease.
D) that the atom is the smallest unit of matter.
E) the electron theory.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 682
58) Sir Charles Lyellʹs major contributions to science were stated mainly in a work called
A) Principles of Geology.
B) Origin of Species.
C) Essay on Population.
D) Capital.
E) Massacre of Chios.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 683
59) The theory of evolution was stated most authoritatively by
A) Charles Darwin.
B) Sir Charles Lyell.
C) Thomas Malthus.
D) Georg Mendel.
E) Herbert Spencer.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 683
60) The mechanism by which Darwin explained the evolution of various species was
A) acquired characteristics.
B) natural selection.
C) catastrophe.
D) genetics.
E) divine planning.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 683
282
61) Which country had taken the lead in electrical technology by 1900?
A) Japan
B) Germany
C) France
D) United States
E) Great Britain
Answer: B
Page Ref: 683
62) Gottlieb Daimler perfected the
A) diesel engine.
B) railroad.
C) internal combustion engine.
D) steam engine.
E) telegraph.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 684
63) The belief in the 19th century that a legitimate political, social, and cultural life needed the
framework of tradition to survive was called
A) liberalism.
B) nationalism.
C) conservatism.
D) socialism.
E) elitism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 684
64) Applying electricity to general use was accomplished by
A) Rudolf Diesel.
B) Eugene Delacroix.
C) John Constable.
D) Thomas Edison.
E) Heinrich Hertz.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 683-684
65) Romanticism
A) was completely overshadowed by classicism in the 19th century.
B) placed an emphasis on the individual.
C) was only a minor factor in the cultural and esthetic history of the 19th century.
D) was influential only in music, not in literature and painting.
E) featured stories of irony and rational actions.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 684-685
283
66) Which German Romantic novelist wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther, which describes the
torment of a sensitive young man?
A) Wolfgang von Goethe
B) Richard Wagner
C) Friedrich von Schiller
D) Henrik Ibsen
E) Victor Hugo
Answer: A
Page Ref: 685
67) Victor Hugo and Sir Walter Scott have what in common?
A) They wrote for the middle class.
B) They have been imitated well into the 20th century.
C) They mined the legends of their countries.
D) They were popular with the public.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 685
68) All of the following were poets of the Romantic era EXCEPT
A) Heinrich Heine.
B) Thomas Hardy.
C) Lord Byron.
D) William Wordsworth.
E) Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 685
69) Exhibiting his glorification of freedom, this poet joined the Greek uprising against the Turks.
A) Percy Bysshe Shelley
B) Felix Mendelssohn
C) Heinrich Heine
D) Lord Byron
E) John Keats
Answer: D
Page Ref: 685
70) After 1830, Romanticism shifted to an interest in the medieval period and to a revival of what
architectural model?
A) Gothic B) Classical C) Roman D) Greek E) Iconic
Answer: A
Page Ref: 686
284
71) A common land, language, folklore, history, enemies, and religion is typical of
A) conservatism.
B) socialism.
C) nationalism.
D) social Darwinism.
E) liberalism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 686
72) When did a ʺrealisticʺ reaction against Romantic literature appear?
A) late 18th century
B) just prior to World War I
C) mid-19th century
D) early 19th century
E) There was no such reaction.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 686
73) What best characterizes the novels of Charles Dickens?
A) protest against the conditions of the everyday lives of the poor
B) praise for the concern that established religion demonstrated for the working class
C) rationale for the dominance of the wealthy in society
D) praise for the industriousness and thrift of the middle classes
E) support for the industrial society
Answer: A
Page Ref: 687
74) American writers who made a contribution to the realist movement did NOT include
A) Henry James.
B) Samuel Clemens.
C) Harriet Beecher Stowe.
D) Washington Irving.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 687
75) Leo Tolstoyʹs greatest novel, War and Peace,
A) glorified war.
B) depicted the harsh reality of life during the Napoleonic period and explored the
conflicting ideologies of the era.
C) demeaned the Russian peopleʹs struggle against Napoleonic aggression.
D) described the tumultuous events surrounding the Decembrist revolt of 1825.
E) analyzed the development of Russia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 690
285
76) Henrik Ibsenʹs The Doll House
A) dramatizes the changes brought on by emancipation of the serfs in Russia.
B) shred every bit of glory from war.
C) assailed marriage without love as immoral.
D) is best known for its superb attention to detail.
E) exposes the heroic acts of individuals.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 690
77) Who served as the bridge between the classical and Romantic periods in music?
A) Mahler
B) Beethoven
C) Berlioz
D) Dvorak
E) Mozart
Answer: B
Page Ref: 690
78) The Romantic composer who employed Polish folk themes and folk music in his mazurkas
and polonaises was
A) Anton Bruckner.
B) Tadeusz Kluszewski.
C) Zoltan Kodaly.
D) Frederick Chopin.
E) Jean Sibelius.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 691
79) The Festspielhaus, the opera house constructed for the presentation of Wagnerʹs operas, was
found in
A) Bayreuth.
B) Weimar.
C) Leipzig.
D) Berlin.
E) Vienna.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 691
80) The greatest operatic composer of the 19th century was
A) Giusippi Verdi.
B) Franz Liszt.
C) Anton Dvorak.
D) Jean Sibelius.
E) Edgar Degas.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 691
286
81) The French painter who theorized that all natural objects could be reduced to such geometric
shapes as the cone, cylinder, or sphere was
A) Gustave Courbet.
B) Paul Cezanne.
C) Auguste Renoir.
D) Eugene Delacroix.
E) Vincent van Gogh.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 693
82) Impressionists include all of the following EXCEPT
A) Pierre de Coubertin.
B) Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
C) Mary Casset.
D) Claude Monet.
E) Edouard Manet.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 691
83) All of the following are consistent with the Impressionist School of art EXCEPT
A) shadows were complementary.
B) working in terms of bright color.
C) they painted without distraction from intellect or subjective attitudes.
D) revolutionized art.
E) they painted without emotion.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 691-693
84) Louis Sullivan was famous for
A) painting in the cubist school of art.
B) designing urban landscapes utilizing the skyscraper.
C) building the Eiffel Tower.
D) composing operas.
E) being the father of modern sculpture.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 693
287
Chapter 23 Europe, 1815-1914
1) The representative of France at the Congress of Vienna was
A) Lafayette.
B) Louis Philippe.
C) Talleyrand.
D) Castlereagh.
E) Napoleon.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 698
2) What did the Congress of Vienna decide to do with the German states?
A) A North German Confederation under Prussian leadership was created.
B) The thirty-nine German states were organized into a German Confederation under
Austrian leadership.
C) The Holy Roman Empire of the German nation was restored.
D) A German Customs Union, the Zollverein, was founded.
E) Sweden was compensated for the loss of territory by annexing the northern German
states.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 698
3) In return for conceding the Austrian Netherlands to Holland, Austria was compensated with
A) Luxembourg.
B) Bavaria.
C) territory in Northern Italy.
D) Poland.
E) Switzerland.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 698
4) Ignoring the forces of change expressed in new ideologies, the Congress of Vienna
A) ensured ultimate failure.
B) ignored nationalism.
C) attempted to restore absolutism.
D) ignored democrat initiatives.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 699
5) The European leader who proposed the Holy Alliance was
A) Metternich.
B) Louis XVIII.
C) Talleyrand.
D) Alexander I.
E) Ferdinand VII.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 699
288
6) The first major challenge to the Vienna settlement came in 1820, when liberals led a revolution
against Ferdinand VII of
A) Sardinia.
B) Spain.
C) Greece.
D) Belgium.
E) Holland.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 699
7) The post-Vienna diplomatic Congress of Verona made the decision to send ________ troops to
repress the revolution in Spain.
A) German B) Russian C) French D) Italian E) English
Answer: C
Page Ref: 700
8) The European country that adopted the policy of ʺsplendid isolationʺ in the 1820s and refused
to make permanent commitments on the Continent for nearly the next century was
A) Great Britain.
B) Russia.
C) France.
D) Austria.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 700
9) The Congress System that resulted from the Congress of Vienna
A) achieved the unity of Europe.
B) failed to reestablish the independence of France.
C) unified the German states.
D) established an atmosphere that resulted in general European peace for the next century.
E) continued in force until 1914.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 700
10) The American president who issued a warning to European states to stay out of the Western
Hemisphere was
A) Jefferson.
B) Van Buren.
C) Monroe.
D) Jackson.
E) Madison.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 700
289
11) What BEST describes the policies pursued in France by Louis XVIII after the restoration of the
Bourbon Dynasty in 1814?
A) repression of all liberalism and repeal of all revolutionary laws
B) a middle course that kept many reforms made during the revolutionary and Napoleonic
eras but satisfied neither the right nor the left
C) total support for the social, political, and economic supremacy of the aristocracy
D) establishment of democratic government
E) a charismatic and able leadership that modernized France
Answer: B
Page Ref: 700
12) Charles X of France
A) declared war on Britain.
B) censored the press and restricted the vote.
C) ratified a new constitution.
D) accepted political change triggered by the 1789 revolution.
E) was committed to a constitutional monarchy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 700
13) Louis Philippe represented a compromise involving all of the following groups EXCEPT
A) urban workers
B) landed gentry.
C) upper middle class.
D) republicans.
E) liberal monarchists.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 700
14) Of the 32 million French citizens, approximately how many had the right to vote during the
reign of Louis Philippe, who was known as the ʺcitizen kingʺ?
A) 200,000 wealthy male property owners
B) 10,000 members of the aristocracy
C) 10,000,000 excluding only the unemployed
D) all adult males
E) universal adult suffrage
Answer: A
Page Ref: 700
15) Influenced by the success of French liberals, ________ revolted and won its independence in
1830.
A) Spain
B) Switzerland
C) Belgium
D) Holland
E) Denmark
Answer: C
Page Ref: 701
290
16) A rebellion in ________ was crushed by Russia in 1830.
A) Finland
B) Poland
C) Ukraine
D) Serbia
E) Lithuania
Answer: B
Page Ref: 701
17) The purpose of the 1819 Carlsbad Decrees, which were adopted by the German rulers on
Metternichʹs prodding, was to
A) crush liberalism and nationalism in the German states.
B) support the student Burschenschaften movement in the German universities.
C) accept the principle of representative government.
D) recognize France as an equal European power.
E) allow the Austrian emperor to reign over the German states.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 702
18) The most notable Romantic nationalist in Europe and the founder of the Young Italy
movement in the 1830s was
A) Emmanuel II.
B) Giuseppe Mazzini.
C) Count Camillo di Cavour.
D) Pope Pius IX.
E) Count Metternich.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 702
19) The Germans who controlled the empire were what portion of the Habsburg monarchy in the
first half of the 19th century?
A) 50 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 20 percent
E) over 90 percent
Answer: D
Page Ref: 702
20) The European leader who feared the growth of nationalism as a danger to the status quo in
Europe and worked to contain it was
A) Victor Emmanuel III.
B) Metternich.
C) Blanc.
D) Talleyrand.
E) Queen Victoria.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 702
291
21) What did the French Socialist Louis Blanc hope to achieve through his proposed national
workshops?
A) universal suffrage
B) female equality
C) state guarantee of the right to work for every laborer
D) recognition of nationalist aspirations of all European nationalities
E) redistribution of property
Answer: C
Page Ref: 703
22) On what occasion was the red flag first raised as a symbol of the revolutionary activities of the
proletariat?
A) the 1825 Decembrist revolt in Russia
B) the barricades of the July Revolution of 1830
C) the Paris ʺJune Daysʺ during the 1848 revolution
D) the 1852 coup that made Louis Napoleon emperor
E) the Reign of Terror
Answer: C
Page Ref: 703
23) Which cityʹs revolutionary activities spread shock waves throughout Europe?
A) London
B) St. Petersburg
C) Madrid
D) Paris
E) Vienna
Answer: D
Page Ref: 703
24) What position did the Prussian king Frederick William IV take toward the unification of the
German states into a single kingdom?
A) He gave the movement his complete support.
B) He supported unification but refused to take ʺthe crown from the gutterʺ when it was
offered by an assembly.
C) He adamantly opposed the unification movement.
D) He would accept unification only if it were approved by a popular plebiscite.
E) He refused and maintained a strict loyalty to the Habsburg emperor.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 704
25) Who led the abortive attempt to unify Italy in 1848?
A) Louis XVIII
B) Metternich
C) Charles Albert
D) Cavour
E) Ferdinand II
Answer: C
Page Ref: 704
292
26) Italy had to defeat ________ before unification was possible.
A) Rome B) France C) Sicily D) Austria E) Prussia
Answer: D
Page Ref: 704
27) Louis Kossuth was a
A) fiery Hungarian nationalist who advocated self-government through a Magyar
parliament.
B) leading advocate of a German empire that included both Prussia and Austria.
C) Russian statesman whose policies led to the Crimean War.
D) Croatian general who crushed the Vienna revolution in 1848.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 705
28) Which of the following was NOT a reason for Austriaʹs failure to modernize in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries?
A) the diversity of its population
B) its commitment to the status quo
C) its uneducated masses
D) Russian interference in the Balkans
E) a lack of resources
Answer: E
Page Ref: 705
29) The country that provided 100,000 troops to assist Habsburg emperor Franz Joseph in
crushing the nationalist revolution in Hungary was
A) Russia.
B) Prussia.
C) the Ottoman Empire.
D) Britain.
E) France.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 705
30) The destruction of the reactionary position established at the Congress of Vienna was
completed by
A) the Crimean War.
B) Prussiaʹs Defeat of Austria in 1866.
C) Napoleonʹs Hundred Days.
D) the revolutions of 1848.
E) the Carlsbad Decrees.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 705-706
31) The 1850 diplomatic conference at which Prussia was so humiliated by Austria that Prussian
nationalists were determined to gain revenge was held at
A) Paris. B) Olmütz. C) Verona. D) Laibach. E) Vienna.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 706
293
32) Before unification of Germany could be accomplished, which country had to be removed from
German politics?
A) Italy
B) Russia
C) Austria
D) Denmark
E) France
Answer: C
Page Ref: 706
33) The Prime Minister responsible for the unification of Germany was
A) Wilhelm II.
B) Alexander Herzen.
C) Georg Muller.
D) Otto von Bismarck.
E) Heinrich von Treitschke.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 706
34) Realpolitik is the concept that
A) negotiation is preferable over war.
B) Germany should be unified into a sovereign nation.
C) all German-speaking peoples should be consolidated in one nation.
D) the ends justify the means.
E) war is never an acceptable diplomatic choice.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 706
35) What allowed Bismarck to unify Germany?
A) intelligence
B) talent
C) insight
D) ʺBlood and Ironʺ
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 706
36) What did the defeat of Austria at the Battle of Sadowa accomplish for Bismarck?
A) It established the North German Confederation.
B) Napoleon III agreed not to oppose Bismarckʹs unification plans in hopes that Bismarck
would support French territorial gains.
C) Prussia annexed Mecklenburg.
D) It avenged the humiliation at Olm_tz.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 707
294
37) The cause of the diplomatic crisis that led to war between Prussia and France in 1870 was
A) Napoleon IIIʹs demands for territorial gains.
B) the succession to the Spanish throne.
C) Italyʹs claims on Rome.
D) Prussiaʹs opposition to the French expedition in Mexico.
E) the French invasion of Belgium.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 708
38) The most lasting legacy of the Treaty of Frankfurt which ended the Franco -Prussian War was

A) the loss of territory to Germany.
B) the surrender of Napoleon III.
C) indemnity.
D) revenge.
E) the destruction of northern France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 709
39) The German Reich came into existence in January 1871 in
A) Paris. B) Vienna. C) Berlin. D) Munich. E) London.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 709
40) As a result of its defeat by the German states in 1870, France was compelled to give up
A) the area along the Rhine River.
B) all of Alsace and part of Lorraine.
C) Belgium.
D) part of Lorraine.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 709
41) Bismarckʹs Kulturkampf was an attack on
A) German liberals.
B) the landed aristocracy.
C) the Catholic Church.
D) the socialists.
E) the middle class.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 709
42) In his attitude toward the German Social Democratic Party, Bismarck sought to
A) remove the reasons for the existence of the Socialists.
B) get Socialist support against the Catholics.
C) cooperate with the Socialist members of Parliament.
D) encourage the spread of party membership.
E) execute, exile, and eliminate the Socialists.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 710
295
43) Kaiser Wilhelm IIʹs policies threatened Great Britain in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) construction of an enlarged navy.
B) an alliance with Russia.
C) growth of German industries.
D) stridently militaristic style.
E) advanced scientific and cultural achievements.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 711
44) The emperor of the Dual Monarchy was
A) Wilhelm II.
B) Maria Theresa.
C) Franz Joseph.
D) Alexander II.
E) Ludwig IV.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 712
45) The Dual Monarchy was unsuccessful coping with
A) the nationalistic desires of minorities.
B) agricultural resources in the Monarchy.
C) the administration of the government.
D) military organization within the Monarchy..
Answer: A
Page Ref: 713
46) The name of the constitutional compromise engineered in 1867 for Austria-Hungary was the
A) Ausgleich.
B) Golden Bull.
C) Anschluss.
D) Reichstag.
E) Blood and Iron.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 713
47) Which of the following European ʺgreat powersʺ was least affected by industrialization and
modernization by the end of the 19th century?
A) France
B) the Dual Monarchy
C) Germany
D) Britain
E) Prussia
Answer: B
Page Ref: 713
296
48) The Sardinian prime minister who plotted and carried out the plans for Italian unification was
A) Giuseppe Mazzini.
B) Count Camillo di Cavour.
C) Giuseppe Garibaldi.
D) Victor Emmanuel II.
E) Viscount Castlereagh.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 713
49) Giuseppe Garibaldi aided the unification of Italy by conquering Sicily and Naples with his
guerrilla nationalists known as
A) Brown Shirts.
B) Young Italy.
C) Unity or Die.
D) Red Shirts.
E) Never Again.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 714
50) Rome became capital of the Italian kingdom
A) when the kingdom was proclaimed in 1861.
B) after World War I.
C) during the Franco-Prussian war, when French troops were withdrawn as protectors of
the papacy.
D) following Prussiaʹs and Italyʹs defeat in Austria in 1866.
E) at the Conference of Turin.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 714
51) The Second Republic ended with the Second Empire led by
A) Louis XVIII.
B) Charles X.
C) Napoleon III.
D) Louis Philippe.
E) Napoleon I.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 715
52) The major accomplishment of Baron Georges Haussmann was
A) rebuilding Paris by constructing wide boulevards and spacious public parks.
B) building the Suez Canal.
C) leading the successful German unification movement.
D) leading the unsuccessful June Days in the 1848 revolution.
E) victory at Crimea.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 715
297
53) The Second Empire of France was thwarted in its attempt to establish an empire in
A) Canada.
B) Cuba.
C) South America.
D) Mexico.
E) the West Indies.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 715
54) The Paris Commune of 1871 was a revolutionary movement carried out by
A) followers of Marx.
B) opponents of monarchy.
C) anarchists.
D) admirers of Bismarck.
E) the military.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 716
55) In the 1880s, General Boulanger wanted France to
A) form an alliance with Germany.
B) grant women the right to vote.
C) fight a war of revenge against Germany.
D) wage war against Britain for an overseas empire.
E) build the Panama Canal.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 716
56) Anti-Semitism is
A) the disbelief in Christianity.
B) the rejection of capitalism.
C) the attempt to stop immigration.
D) the systematic hostility toward Jews.
E) an anti-democratic movement in France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 716
57) Which of the following was NOT a result of the Dreyfus affair?
A) The French armyʹs reputation was damaged.
B) Church and state were separated in France.
C) Dreyfus was executed for treason.
D) Dreyfus was eventually found innocent.
E) The monarchists were weakened.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 717
298
58) The author of JʹAccuse (1898) was
A) Dreyfus.
B) Boulanger.
C) Esterhazy.
D) Zola.
E) Talleyrand.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 717
59) Britain experienced its worst post-Napoleonic War strife in
A) the Soho uprising.
B) the Peterloo Massacre.
C) the Birmingham protests.
D) the Oxford rebellion.
E) Chartism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 717
60) What was the principal reason that Britain escaped revolution in the 19th century?
A) the pacifist nature of the inhabitants of Britain
B) the thoroughly repressive character of the government
C) the flexibility of the government and its gradual reforms toward democratic participation
D) the weakness of the middle classes
E) the abdication of King William IV
Answer: C
Page Ref: 717-718
61) The Tory prime minister, known as the Iron Duke, who was forced from office in 1830 because
of insensitivity toward public opinion, was
A) Robert Peel.
B) the Duke of Wellington.
C) Viscount Castlereagh.
D) Lord Palmerston.
E) Lord Charles Grey.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 718
62) What was NOT a goal of the Whig government and their liberal reforms of the 1830s?
A) local governments chosen by popular elections
B) abolition of slavery
C) the right to vote for all adult males
D) greater parliamentary representation for the industrial cities
E) free trade
Answer: C
Page Ref: 718
299
63) Which of these goals of the Chartist movement of the 1830s and 1840s in Britain was NEVER
enacted?
A) payment for members of Parliament
B) annual parliamentary elections
C) secret voting
D) universal manhood suffrage
E) equal districting for representation
Answer: B
Page Ref: 718
64) The repeal of the Corn Laws occurred only after nearly 500,000 people perished following the
1845 failure of the potato crop in
A) Wales.
B) Britain.
C) Scotland.
D) Ireland.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 718
65) One issue whose solution escaped the British reformers was
A) industrial abuses.
B) Scotlandʹs independence.
C) urban poverty.
D) Irish home rule.
E) public education.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 718
66) As British Prime Minister between 1874 and 1880, Disraeli might best be described as a(n)
A) exhausted volcano.
B) opponent of any change.
C) religious reactionary.
D) constructive reformer.
E) socialist.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 719
67) The social class from which the British Liberal party drew its main support was the
A) urban worker class.
B) agricultural laboring class.
C) middle class.
D) landed gentry.
E) nobility.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 719
300
68) Disraeli and Gladstone were both
A) socialists.
B) conservatives.
C) reformers.
D) liberals.
E) landed gentry.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 719
69) All of the following contributed to the failure to solve the ʺIrish questionʺ EXCEPT
A) war with Germany.
B) Ulsterites opposed incorporation into Catholic Ireland.
C) Parliamentʹs refusal to initiate home rule.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 719
70) The founder and early leader of the British Labour Party was
A) MacDonald.
B) Churchill.
C) Gladstone.
D) Lloyd George.
E) Asquith.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 720
71) The Parliament Act of 1911 represented a defeat for
A) Irish home rule.
B) the Liberal reformers.
C) the Labour party.
D) the House of Lords.
E) the House of Commons.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 722
72) The Womenʹs Social and Political Union was founded by
A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
B) Emmeline Pankhurst.
C) Margaret Sanger.
D) Susan B. Anthony.
E) Mary Wollstonecraft.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 722
301
73) The suffragettes demanded
A) the end of World War I.
B) the right to vote for women.
C) the right of citizenship for all members of the British Empire.
D) free trade.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 722
74) All of the following were causes of friction between French and English Canadians EXCEPT
A) language.
B) economics.
C) religion.
D) independence.
E) culture.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 722
75) In 1774, the Quebec Act
A) gave all of Canada to England.
B) opened Canada for English immigration.
C) reconfirmed the position of the Catholic Church and perpetuated French law and
custom.
D) ended the war between England and France.
E) established Quebec as the capital of Canada.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 722
76) All the following are consistent with Canada in the 19th century EXCEPT
A) a war with the United States over the boundary between Maine and Canada.
B) the monarch of Britain was considered the monarch of Canada.
C) a British-style cabinet system.
D) a federal system of government.
E) freedom of religion.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 722
77) Tsar Alexander I accomplished which of the following?
A) partial emancipation of the serfs.
B) leading Russian forces to turn back Napoleon.
C) instituting broad-scale educational reforms.
D) experimenting with constitutionalism in Russia.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 723
302
78) The major reason Nicholas I instituted unprecedented secret police surveillance in Russia
during his reign was
A) the Decembrist revolt.
B) renewed Ottoman attacks.
C) the works of Karl Marx.
D) fear of his brother Constantin launching a coup.
E) nobles had killed his son.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 723
79) What of the following was NOT part of the ʺofficial nationalismʺ during the reign of Tsar
Nicholas I?
A) autocracy
B) nationalism
C) orthodoxy
D) democracy
Answer: D
Page Ref: 723
80) A member of the Russian intelligentsia who edited a popular journal, Kolokol, in his London
exile was
A) Georges Haussmann.
B) Alexander Herzen.
C) Michael Bakunin.
D) Louis Kossuth.
E) Sergei Nechaev.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 723
81) In which of the following did the Slavophiles of Russia NOT believe?
A) Only Russia is truly Christian.
B) Russiaʹs communal nature is superior to the principle of individual personality of
Western Europe.
C) Russia should imitate the industrialization and liberalism of Western Europe.
D) True liberty is found in Russia.
E) Russiaʹs distant past should serve as guidance for the future.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 723-724
82) What was the significance of the zemstvo law handed down by Tsar Alexander II in 1864?

A) Representative boards were created to supervise local government.
B) An independent judiciary with trial by jury was established.
C) Serfdom was ended and land distributed to the mirs.
D) The army was reformed.
E) The nobility began paying taxes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 724
303
83) The tsar who enacted the Great Reforms was
A) Alexander II.
B) Alexander I.
C) Nicholas I.
D) Alexander III.
E) Nicholas II.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 724
84) What was the narodnik movement?
A) an attempt by the revolutionaries to reform Russia at the peasant level
B) the demand for constitutional government
C) emancipation of the serfs
D) the ownership of land by the mir
E) the missionary duty of Orthodox Christians
Answer: A
Page Ref: 724
85) The tsar of Russia assassinated in 1881 was
A) Alexander II.
B) Nicholas II.
C) Alexander III.
D) Nicholas I.
E) Catherine I.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 725
86) Tsar Alexander III ruled Russia according to the slogan
A) ʺAutocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism.ʺ
B) ʺThe whole land to the whole people.ʺ
C) ʺGo to the people.ʺ
D) ʺEverything from above.ʺ
E) ʺFrom the sparkthe Conflagration.ʺ
Answer: A
Page Ref: 725
87) Pogroms are defined as
A) revolutionary groups.
B) Russian persecution of Jews.
C) economic revitalization programs.
D) political education programs.
E) Russification of minorities.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 725
304
88) The Constitutional Democrats, or Kadets, might best be described as
A) revolutionary terrorists.
B) liberals.
C) moderate Marxists.
D) anarchists.
E) socialists.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 725
89) Vladimir Leninʹs influence on Russia included all of the following EXCEPT
A) formation of the Bolshevik Party.
B) his studies of Karl Marxʹs theories.
C) a strategy of non-violence.
D) founding of the revolutionary newspaper Iskra.
E) the belief in an elite to govern.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 726
90) The followers of Vladimir Lenin wanted mainly to
A) create a mass movement in Russia favoring revolution.
B) cooperate with liberal reformers.
C) keep the tsar securely in power.
D) create a disciplined, elite leadership to promote revolution.
E) form a republic.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 726
91) The causes of the Russian Revolution in 1905 include all of the following EXCEPT
A) high rates of unemployment.
B) assassination of the tsar.
C) inadequate food supplies.
D) a military defeat by Japan.
E) worker strikes.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 727
92) The October Manifesto
A) created the Duma or legislature.
B) extended the vote.
C) promised freedom of assembly.
D) promised freedom of conscience.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 727
305
93) Accomplishments of Peter Stolypin included
A) removing the radical element from politics.
B) reforming Russiaʹs land policy.
C) an alliance with Germany.
D) womenʹs suffrage.
E) establishing freedom of debate in the Duma.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 728
94) The ʺEastern Questionʺ represented
A) controlling the trade routes through the Middle East.
B) the struggle for the Holy Land.
C) the dilemma of a power vacuum should the Ottoman Empire collapse.
D) expanding trade with China.
E) the European decision to divide Eastern Europe among them.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 728
95) The country whose independence was acknowledged by the Ottoman Sultan in 1799 was
A) Serbia.
B) Montenegro.
C) Romania.
D) Greece.
E) Bosnia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 728
96) The nationalist revolution that succeeded in the 1820s because it had widespread support from
Britain, France, and even reactionary Russia occurred in
A) Spain. B) Italy. C) Greece. D) Serbia. E) Turkey.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 728-729
97) The Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi of 1833 gave Russia a dominant position over the Ottoman
Empire.
A) France. B) Britain. C) Russia. D) Prussia. E) Austria.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 729
98) The initial dispute leading to the Crimean War was
A) a conflict over trade routes.
B) a conflict over protection of the holy places in Palestine.
C) a violation of Unkiar Skelessi.
D) a Russian ambassador insulting the Sultan.
E) the use of the Panama Canal.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 729
306
99) The European power known as the ʺsick man of Europeʺ in the 19th century was
A) Russia.
B) Austria.
C) Spain.
D) Ottoman Empire.
E) Prussia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 729
100) Conflict in which country in 1876 inflamed the Eastern Question?
A) Romania B) Albania C) Bulgaria D) Greece E) Serbia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 730
101) The Treaty of San Stefano of 1878 concluded peace between Russia and
A) the Ottoman Empire.
B) Greece.
C) Austria.
D) Bulgaria.
E) Balkans.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 730
102) Russian gains from the Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi were reversed by European intervention at
the Congress of
A) Warsaw.
B) Berlin.
C) Vienna.
D) Versailles.
E) Brussels.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 730
103) The Hague Conference of 1899
A) outlawed poisonous gases.
B) created an international court of arbitration.
C) improved rules for the treatment of prisoners of war.
D) was called by Russia.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 731
307
104) By 1914, Europeans had many reasons to be optimistic about the future. Which of the
following is NOT a significant cause of this optimism?
A) Darwinists believed humans would evolve out of war.
B) Disarmament conferences had been marginally successful.
C) Rules for waging war had been reformed and agreed to by most major powers.
D) The Hague Tribunal for international arbitration had been established.
E) Technology would ensure short wars.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 731
105) The diplomat whose work dominated international affairs until 1890 was
A) Bismarck.
B) Pavlov.
C) Freud.
D) Planck.
E) Metternich.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 731
106) The Three Emperorʹs League involved
A) Russia, Austria, and Turkey.
B) Russia, Austria, and Germany.
C) Russia, France, and Britain.
D) Austria, Germany, and Italy.
E) Britain, Sweden, and Russia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 732
107) The Dual Alliance included
A) France and Russia.
B) France and England.
C) Germany and Austria.
D) Russia and Austria.
E) England and Russia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 732
108) Bismarckʹs Reinsurance Treaty connected Germany to
A) Austria. B) Italy. C) Britain. D) Russia. E) France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 732
109) How was France able to break out of the diplomatic isolation Bismarck imposed after 1871?
A) massive investments in capital-starved Germany ________
B) developments of superior weapons technology
C) mutual Non-Aggression Pacts
D) investments in Russia
E) an alliance with Italy
Answer: D
Page Ref: 732
308
110) What treaty(ies) with Russia did Kaiser Wilhelm II not bother to renew?
A) the Dreikaiserbund
B) the Dual Alliance
C) the Ausgleich
D) the Reinsurance Treaty
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 732
111) The Triple Alliance consisted of
A) Austria, Germany, and Italy.
B) Germany, Russia, and Austria.
C) France, Germany, and Italy.
D) Germany, Austria, and Britain.
E) France, England, and Belgium.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 732
112) Britain abandoned its policy of splendid isolation for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) Kaiser Wilhelmʹs claim on the British throne.
B) Germanyʹs support of the Boers in the Boer War.
C) German construction of an enlarged naval fleet.
D) the Kaiserʹs bellicose statements.
E) Germanyʹs expanding interest in the Middle East.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 732
113) The Moroccan Crisis of 1905 was precipitated by
A) France.
B) Spain.
C) Germany.
D) Britain.
E) Russia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 733
114) The German gunboat Panther figured in the
A) first Moroccan crisis.
B) second Moroccan crisis.
C) Boer War.
D) Balkan crisis.
E) Crimean War.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 733
309
115) Settlement of the Moroccan crisis
A) resulted in territorial gain for Germany.
B) averted war between the two rival alliance systems.
C) allowed France to have a free hand in Morocco.
D) maintained Moroccoʹs independence.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 733
116) As the 20th century began, the European nations emphasized a belief in
A) democracy.
B) liberalism.
C) social Darwinism.
D) socialism.
E) communism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 733
117) Which of the following did NOT play a dominant role in European politics at the beginning of
the 20th century?
A) imperialism
B) rationalism
C) military forces
D) enlarged egos
E) aggressiveness
Answer: B
Page Ref: 733
310
Chapter 24 Africa and the Middle East During
the Age of European Imperialism
1) The European scramble to conquer Africa was initiated by King Leopold II of Belgium in
A) the Congo.
B) Ethiopia.
C) South Africa.
D) Egypt.
E) Angola.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 738
2) One of the methods used by Europeans to acquire huge land grants in Africa was to
A) grant Africans equal territory elsewhere.
B) mutually agree upon contracts with fair monetary compensation.
C) present illiterate chiefs with treaties they could not read.
D) constantly resort to war.
E) international conferences before colonization began.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 738-739
3) By 1914, the only two African nations to remain independent were
A) Congo and Algeria.
B) Cameroon and Uganda.
C) Egypt and Togoland.
D) Liberia and Ethiopia.
E) Kenya and Libya.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 739
4) Southwest Africa, Togoland, and Cameroon were colonies of
A) Germany.
B) Portugal.
C) France.
D) Britain.
E) Belgium.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 738
5) The main force behind British expansion in southern Africa was
A) Cecil Rhodes.
B) Leopold.
C) Henry Stanley.
D) Carl Peters.
E) Charles Rudd.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 741
311
6) The British and the French very nearly came to war over which territory?
A) Nile River
B) Limpopo River
C) Ghana
D) Cape of Good Hope
E) Kenya
Answer: A
Page Ref: 741
7) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the British South Africa Company?
A) war with Portugal
B) Cecil Rhodes
C) Rhodesia
D) myth of Solomonʹs mines
E) founded with the intention of settling or conquering the Limpopo River region
Answer: A
Page Ref: 741
8) Of the following European nations, the most unsuccessful in Africa was
A) Italy.
B) Britain.
C) France.
D) Germany.
E) Portugal.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 742
9) In the struggle against European imperialism, Africans suffered from all of the following
EXCEPT
A) diversity.
B) technological weakness.
C) poor resources.
D) economic weakness.
E) failure to form alliances successful alliances within Africa to resist Europeans.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 742
10) A Muslim belief that played a major role in African resistance to European dominance
included
A) the myth of a white conqueror.
B) that western technology must be banned.
C) a belief that military resistance was futile.
D) a redeemer who appears to overthrow an oppressive government.
E) the myth of a paradise for those who resist Christians.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 743
312
11) Charwe of the Shona people was significant because
A) she established a government independent of the Europeans.
B) she converted to Christianity, therefore encouraging her people to do the same.
C) she inspired resistance against the British South Africa Company.
D) she was able to unite the Africans south of the Sahara.
E) she allied with the French to defeat the British.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 744
12) Ethiopia was modernized and maintained its independence under the leadership of
A) Mahmud II.
B) Selim III.
C) Samori Touré.
D) Menelik.
E) Addis Ababa.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 744
13) The Battle of Aduwa in Ethiopia
A) caused the British and the French to negotiate for future territories.
B) made Ethiopia a French colony at the expense of Italy.
C) resulted in an Italian victory in 1896.
D) humiliated the Italians and caused them to dream of revenge.
E) resulted in the death of the king of Ethiopia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 745
14) The traditional friction between the British and Boers was increased to the point of war by
A) the discovery of gold in the Transvaal.
B) black African rebellions.
C) World War I.
D) the Great Trek.
E) the migrant labor system.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 746
15) De Beers dominates the ________ industry.
A) rubber B) diamond C) lumber D) gold E) ivory
Answer: B
Page Ref: 746
16) Cecil Rhodes
A) was the leader of the Afrikaners.
B) led the ill-fated Jameson raid against the Afrikaners.
C) was an explorer of Africa.
D) criticized European imperialism.
E) was the president of the Transvaal.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 746
313
17) Consequences of the Jameson Raid included all of the following EXCEPT
A) Rhodes was forced to resign as prime minister.
B) the Orange Free State and Transvaal became allies.
C) Transvaal began a modern army.
D) Afrikaners were alienated from the British.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 746
18) Which of the following is NOT an accurate assessment of the Anglo-Boer War?
A) The British won due to alliances with Africans.
B) The Afrikaners were expert horsemen and marksmen.
C) The British conducted a campaign involving scorched earth tactics.
D) The British held Afrikaners and Africans in concentration camps, resulting in thousands
of deaths.
E) Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, and Winston Churchill were present.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 746
19) The Anglo-Boer War was won by the
A) British.
B) Zulus.
C) Germans.
D) Boers.
E) Afrikaners.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 746
20) The Union of South Africa
A) became a self-governing dominion in the British Commonwealth.
B) passed laws hindering Africans to advance economically.
C) denied Africans the right to vote.
D) introduced civilized labor laws to protect poor white workers.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 747
21) During the European colonial period,
A) there was constant danger of rebellion in the colonies.
B) the British had only one official for 70,000 Africans.
C) many hundreds of thousands of Europeans settled in Africa to rule the colonies.
D) huge amounts of money were spent by the European governments to control the African
population.
E) European colonial powers attempted to develop diversified economies in the colonies.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 748
314
22) The objective of European colonialism in Africa was
A) obtaining raw materials in exchange for purchasing finished products from the mother
country.
B) gaining national prestige.
C) preserving law and order.
D) to make additional profits by spending as little as possible on administration.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 748
23) In Kenya and Rhodesia, British colonial policy differed because
A) most settlers were colonial officials.
B) missionaries lived there, but no permanent settlers arrived.
C) both colonies were used only as sources of trade.
D) Africans farmed for British colonial officials.
E) British settlers staked out extensive land claims at the expense of Africans.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 748
24) French colonies
A) attempted to assimilate Africans into the French culture.
B) used direct rule.
C) appointed chiefs loyal to them.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 749
25) All of the following were typical of acculturation in Africa EXCEPT
A) the development of nationalism and democracy.
B) dozens of formerly distinct tribes were united into single units.
C) some large tribes were split into two or three colonies.
D) villagers were compelled to pay money taxes for the first time.
E) cash crops were introduced.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 750
26) The worst excesses of the colonial period were committed by
A) Leopold II of Belgium.
B) the Firestone Rubber Company.
C) Cecil Rhodes of Britain.
D) Roman Catholic Church.
E) French-owned companies.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 751
315
27) Which of the following is NOT correct?
A) Millions of Africans died at the hands of King Leopoldʹs officials.
B) King Leopold was brought to justice for ʺcrimes against humanity.ʺ
C) King Leopold use slave labor to increase his profits.
D) Roger Casement of Britain and William Sheppard of the United States helped to expose
the brutalities of the Congo.
E) Belgium took over the Congo.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 751
28) Europeans did NOT bring which of the following to Africa?
A) better medical care
B) education
C) industry
D) railroads
E) ports
Answer: C
Page Ref: 751
29) Christianity achieved more converts in what region of Africa?
A) southern two-thirds
B) along the Red Sea and the Nile River
C) north of the Sahara Desert
D) coastal regions
E) in the Cape Colony only
Answer: A
Page Ref: 752
30) In the colonial world, what increasingly determined social advancement?
A) family position
B) religion
C) education
D) There was no social advancement.
E) age
Answer: C
Page Ref: 752
31) Spirit churches
A) combined Christianity with African culture.
B) attracted many women members.
C) had healer/prophets.
D) incorporated the singing of hymns.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 753-754
316
32) Which religion converted more Africans?
A) Islam
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
Answer: A
Page Ref: 754
33) African Sufi brotherhoods, each with its own traditions, symbolism, and ceremonies, were
known as
A) shaykh.
B) spirit churches.
C) turuq.
D) jihad.
E) Qadiriyya.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 754
34) In South Africa, 70 percent of the population lived on 7 percent of the land known as
A) ghettos.
B) parks.
C) reserves.
D) warrants.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 754
35) Unity in the Middle Eastern world stemmed from
A) a common environment.
B) similar languages.
C) a common religion.
D) a common enemy.
E) a common ethnicity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 754
36) ________ was the center of Islamic learning in eastern Africa.
A) Tanganyika
B) Mozambique
C) Zanzibar
D) Uganda
E) Nyasaland
Answer: C
Page Ref: 754
317
37) Unfair treaties that forced the Ottoman Empire to grant privileges to Europeans were known
as
A) capitulations.
B) neighborly agreements.
C) military sanctions.
D) extraterritoriality.
E) Maghrib.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 755
38) Reforms of the Ottoman Empire were launched by ________ in the 18th century.
A) Selim III
B) Abdülhamid II
C) Fatima
D) Abdul III
E) Mamluk
Answer: A
Page Ref: 755—756
39) The Middle East is the site of all of the following strategic locations EXCEPT
A) Russiaʹs access to the Indian Ocean.
B) the overland routes to India.
C) the Panama Canal.
D) the Suez Canal.
E) Dardanelles and Bosporus.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 756
40) Reforms within the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century included all of the following
EXCEPT
A) the destruction of the janissary corps.
B) a new European-style army.
C) reformed professional education.
D) an official newspaper.
E) equality for women.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 756
41) The Balkan nation that rebelled against the Ottoman Empire in 1804 was
A) Romania.
B) Greece.
C) Serbia.
D) Montenegro.
E) Bosnia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 757
318
42) The ʺEastern Questionʺ represented
A) the dilemma of a power vacuum should the Ottoman Empire collapse.
B) the struggle for the Holy Land.
C) expanding trade with China.
D) controlling the trade routes through the Middle East.
E) European annexation of Ottoman territories.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 757
43) The nationalist revolution that succeeded in the 1820s because it had widespread support from
Britain, France, and even reactionary Russia occurred in
A) Spain. B) Serbia. C) Italy. D) Greece. E) Austria.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 757
44) The ʺsick man of Europeʺ in the 19th century was
A) the Ottoman Empire.
B) France.
C) Spain.
D) Russia.
E) Austria.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 757
45) The Egyptian ruler who attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1832 was
A) Muhammad Ali.
B) Muhammad II.
C) Sultan Selim III.
D) Suleiman the Magnificent.
E) Mahmud II.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 757
46) Who were the Wahhabis?
A) Muslims who sought western changes to modernize the Ottoman Empire
B) an aggressive puritanical movement founded in Arabia to cleanse Sunni Islam of Sufism
C) the conscripted peasant army
D) the elite Ottoman mounted troops
E) Muslims who believed in toleration among all religious groups
Answer: B
Page Ref: 758
47) The Suez Canal is located in
A) Algeria.
B) Egypt.
C) India.
D) Turkey.
E) Saudi Arabia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 759
319
48) In 1875, Khedive Ismail, the ruler of Egypt, sold the Suez Canal to
A) France.
B) Britain.
C) Russia.
D) Egypt.
E) the United States.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 759
49) What event proved that the people of the Middle East could mobilize to protect their own
interests?
A) Blockade of Algiers
B) Massacre of Chios
C) Dinshaway Incident
D) Greek Revolt
E) Corsairs
Answer: C
Page Ref: 760
50) Which of the following became a base for French interests?
A) Algiers
B) Tripoli
C) Tunis
D) Alexandria
E) Alawi
Answer: A
Page Ref: 760
51) One of the major results of Moroccan weakness prior to 1914 was
A) the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
B) increased tension between France and Germany leading up to World War I.
C) war between Britain and France.
D) multiple invasions of Morocco before its eventual conquest by Algeria.
E) the colonization of Morocco by Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 760-761
52) In the early 20th century, Tripoli became the target of imperialist expansion by
A) Russia.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Italy.
E) Belgium.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 761
320
53) Tanzimat refers to
A) establishing the ulama as the administrators of public education within the Ottoman
Empire.
B) the Islamic conversion of North Africa.
C) a period of war in North Africa.
D) a time of reform in the Ottoman Empire.
E) Ottoman slavery.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 761
54) The British and the Ottoman Empire disagreed on the issue of slavery in all EXCEPT which of
the following concepts?
A) The necessity for government to outlaw the slave trade.
B) Slavery was acceptable because most slaves were women.
C) Domestic slaves were permissible.
D) Slavery of non-Muslims was permissible.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 761
55) Abdülhamid II (18761909)
A) rejected closer diplomatic relations with Germany.
B) enforced a new, more liberal constitution for the Ottoman Empire.
C) ruled by censorship, exile, and imprisonment.
D) began a program to reform the government by supporting elections to the parliament.
E) allied with Russia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 761
56) Arabs opposed the policies of the Young Turks because
A) they ensured the continued supremacy of the sultan.
B) they were initiated by Europeans.
C) the policies meant Turkish supremacy.
D) they violated Islamic laws.
E) the Arabs wanted no reforms.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 763
57) Iran had been ruled since 1794 by the
A) Qajar Dynasty.
B) Ottoman Turks.
C) Abd_lhamid II.
D) Shiʹite clerics.
E) Cossacks.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 764
321
58) This Middle Eastern country attempted a revolution to establish a Constitutional government.
A) Iran
B) Afghanistan
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Egypt
E) Syria
Answer: A
Page Ref: 765
59) The greatest threat(s) to the independence of Iran in the 19th century were
A) Russia and China.
B) the Ottomans and Arabs.
C) Britain and Russia.
D) the Austrians.
E) Russia and Japan.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 765
60) The Tobacco Rebellion in 1891 illustrated
A) that the rulers of Persia no longer controlled surrounding countries.
B) the power of the European colonial powers.
C) the power of the Shiʹite clerics.
D) the end of the Qajar dynasty.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 765
61) In exchange for loans, the Shah of Iran granted ________ concessions to Britain.
A) oil B) railroad C) shipping D) tax E) cotton
Answer: A
Page Ref: 765
62) All of the following were Russian motives for the conquest of Central Asia EXCEPT
A) the need for a warm-water port.
B) a defensive buffer zone between European Russia and Asia.
C) a desire to unite all Russian-speaking peoples.
D) a direct trade route to India.
E) conquest of India.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 766-767
63) British opposition to Russian expansion in Central Asia was based on
A) the threat to British economic investments in Central Asia.
B) the defense of Indiaʹs land frontier.
C) religious ties to the threatened people of Central Asia.
D) opposition to imperialism of any kind.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 767
322
64) Vital to the Russian conquest of Central Asia was
A) the construction of railroads connecting the region to Russia.
B) Russian missionaries.
C) a Russian reform program for the conquered areas.
D) British acquiescence.
E) a warm-water port.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 767
65) By the terms of the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907, Iran was divided into
A) four states.
B) seventeen districts.
C) two spheres of influence.
D) three caliphates.
E) city-states.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 767
66) Russia added all of the following minority populations to its empire EXCEPT
A) Afghans.
B) Tatars.
C) Mughals.
D) Turkomans.
E) Mongols.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 767
323
Chapter 25 Imperialism and Modernity in Asia
and the Pacific, 1815-1914
1) One of the basic characteristics of late-Mughal rule was
A) economic progress.
B) political and economic decline.
C) tolerance.
D) imperial expansion.
E) French dominance.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 772
2) The solution to the anarchy of later Mughal rule in India was
A) the ʺconquestʺ of India by the British East India Company.
B) Indian self-government.
C) the Indian mutiny.
D) the Afghan invasion.
E) the establishment of a Muslim state.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 772-773
3) Until 1858, the British used a mixture of methods in a futile effort to preserve the
A) Ottoman empire.
B) Afghan state.
C) system of dual control in India.
D) Mughal empire.
E) absolute rule of the Indian leader.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 772
4) European ascendancy in India was based on all of the following factors EXCEPT
A) Indiaʹs large population.
B) efficient governing techniques.
C) the decline of Mughal strength.
D) stronger weapons.
E) Indiaʹs diversity.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 772-774
5) What is the name of the religious class designation among Hindus that is inherited from oneʹs
ancestors and passed on to oneʹs descendants?
A) thugi
B) caste
C) sati
D) Sepoy
Answer: B
Page Ref: 772
324
6) The British introduced all of the following reforms in India during the 19th century EXCEPT
the
A) elimination of castes.
B) abolition of suttee.
C) prohibition of infanticide.
D) curtailment of thugi.
E) education of girls.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 773
7) The governor-general of India appointed by Parliament was the
A) viceroy.
B) chancellor.
C) prime minister.
D) chairman of the East India Company.
E) Sepoy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 773
8) As a result of the Great Revolt in 1857,
A) the British were expelled from India.
B) British efforts to conquer all of India were set back.
C) India lost its emperor, and Britain assumed authority.
D) the French made gains in India.
E) the dual system continued.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 774
9) After the Great Revolt, British officials in India controlled
A) the Mughal emperor.
B) only Indiaʹs foreign policy and army.
C) all levels of government.
D) only the highest levels of government.
E) only educational functions.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 774
10) In return for its rich resources and vast markets, the British gave India all of the following
EXCEPT
A) political stability.
B) improved health standards.
C) literacy.
D) better water systems.
E) railroads.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 774-775
325
11) One of the qualities of India that made the British domination in India possible was
A) its diversity.
B) the vastness of its economy.
C) the size of its population.
D) its climate.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 775
12) A major factor in the rise of Indian nationalism was
A) foreign invasion.
B) the size of Indian cities.
C) the East India Company.
D) the lessons of self-government and reform in Britain.
E) British destruction of the major cities.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 775
13) The major economic impact of European rule on Southeast Asia was
A) the establishment of a plantation economy.
B) a depression.
C) the development of trade in the region.
D) slavery.
E) the growth of the middle class.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 776
14) All of the following were products of European domination in Southeast Asia EXCEPT
A) the introduction of law and order.
B) the discovery and exploitation of mineral deposits.
C) civil war.
D) Western education that sparked nationalism.
E) the depopulation of Southeast Asia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 776
15) A major reason for the initial French occupation of Vietnam was
A) religious interests.
B) political interests.
C) economic interests.
D) diplomatic interests.
E) the attempt to block Germany in Asia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 776
326
16) Which of the following Southeast Asian countries retained its independence?
A) Thailand
B) Vietnam
C) Malaysia
D) Burma
E) Cambodia
Answer: A
Page Ref: 777
17) The culture system that the Dutch introduced into the East Indies
A) broke up native rebellions.
B) encouraged natives to adopt Dutch culture.
C) set aside one-fifth of all lands for the government.
D) gave Asians self-determination.
E) educated colonists for independence.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 777-778
18) The economies of the Dutch colonies in Asia were based on
A) cooperation for mutual development.
B) trade.
C) forced labor.
D) mining.
E) foreign labor.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 777
19) What was the significance of Emilio Aguinaldo?
A) He led an independence movement in the Philippines.
B) He assisted the Americans in seizing Hawaii.
C) He served under Commodore Dewey in the Philippines.
D) He assisted the Spanish in dominating the Philippines.
E) He baptized many thousands of Christians.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 778
20) The major means by which the United States conquered an Asian empire was
A) purchase.
B) international agreement.
C) exploitation and discovery.
D) the Spanish-American war.
E) assuming leadership and ownership since the Dutch had abandoned its colonies.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 779
327
21) After the United States went to war with Spain and gained the Philippines in 1898, the
Philippine people
A) came under British control.
B) rebelled against the Americans.
C) established an independent nation.
D) declared their submission to the United States.
E) became a colony of Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 779
22) All of the following were serious problems in South and East Asia from 1650 to 1914 EXCEPT
A) labor based on human power.
B) lack of contact with foreign cultures.
C) densely populated territory.
D) large populations concentrated in villages and rural areas.
E) illiteracy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 779
23) The dynasty that ruled China at the end of the 19th century was the
A) Tang. B) Qing. C) Sung. D) Han. E) Ming.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 779
24) China used the tribute system to
A) maintain a balance of power in Asia.
B) subordinate other countries who paid China to receive protection.
C) establish which nations would receive free trade.
D) persuade other nations to trade.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 779
25) China used ʺfactoriesʺ to
A) evict France from trade within Asia.
B) begin the industrialization process in Asia.
C) confine European trade to restricted regions of Guangzhou.
D) force Europeans to trade only in the cities of its east coast.
E) conduct the fur trade in Siberia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 780
26) A major cause of increased European involvement in China during the 19th century was
A) the transfer of European technology.
B) cultural contacts.
C) Christian missionary activities.
D) the opium trade.
E) the silk trade.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 781
328
27) As a result of the Opium Wars, China
A) ceded Hong Kong to Britain.
B) closed all ports to Western trade.
C) forced the French out of trading privileges.
D) banned Christian mercenaries.
E) collapsed and was taken over by Britain.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 782
28) The Treaty of Tianjin
A) gave China protection from European penetration.
B) gave European Christians the right to spread their faith in China.
C) ended the Sino-Japanese War.
D) gave the Manchu Dynasty time to reform.
E) forbade Christians from owning land.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 782
29) Extraterritoriality is a legal principle referring to the right to
A) own land in foreign countries.
B) be tried in a consular court of your own country for a crime committed in another
country.
C) travel in foreign countries without restraint.
D) trade in another foreign country.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 782
30) The Taiping Rebellion was a reaction against
A) civilian authority in Japan.
B) the use of opium in China.
C) European imperialism in China.
D) the social and economic conditions of Manchu rule in China.
E) the Catholic Church establishing a diocese in China.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 783
31) All of the following were policies of Cixi in China EXCEPT
A) the restoration of Chinese prestige.
B) anti-foreign sentiment.
C) rapid modernization.
D) the preservation of Chinese traditions and customs.
E) building of a network of allies and spies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 784
329
32) An example of American foreign affairs was
A) the Open Door policy.
B) the Civil War.
C) Reconstruction.
D) the Progressive Era.
E) the Era of Good Feeling.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 784
33) The Boxer Rebellion can be most accurately described or characterized as a
A) continuation of the political reform movement.
B) manifestation of extreme anti-foreign feeling.
C) peasant uprising against the landlord class.
D) military revolt by common soldiers against officers.
E) revolt triggered by Britain to gain control of China.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 784
34) As a result of failed reforms, anti-foreign rebellions, and economic stagnation,
A) China became a satellite of Russia.
B) a revolution formed the Republic of China in 1912.
C) China was divided among European powers.
D) China sought assistance from Japan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 785
35) The framework that preserved unity and stability in Japan into the 19th century under the
Tokugawa shoguns was based on all of the following EXCEPT
A) strict rules and regulations to assure citizensʹ obedience.
B) the spread of education and the growth of new urban classes.
C) a military dictatorship.
D) the feudal relationship between daimyo and samurai.
E) a vibrant urban culture.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 785
36) Matthew Perry became famous after he
A) put down the mutiny in India.
B) sailed his ships into Edo Bay.
C) planned the defeat of Spain.
D) developed the port of Singapore.
E) established Hong Kong as an independent city.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 786
330
37) The modernization of Japan in the late 19th century and early 20th century was known as the
A) Meiji Restoration.
B) Tokugawa Shogunate.
C) hundred days of reform.
D) Diet.
E) Search of Modernity.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 786
38) Japanʹs response to the impact of the West in the 19th century was characterized by
A) nearly complete submission to the West.
B) selective adaptation of Western techniques.
C) acceptance of all Western institutions.
D) blind resistance to all foreign ideas.
E) the submission of Japan to China.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 786
39) The most revered class in Japanese society after the Meiji Restoration was the
A) government employees.
B) soldier class.
C) peasant class.
D) scholar class.
E) royalty.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 787
40) Which of the following changes is NOT consistent with the Meiji Restoration?
A) acquiring colonies
B) Sino-Japanese War
C) railroads
D) equal rights for women
E) Iwakura Mission
Answer: D
Page Ref: 787-788
41) All of the following are consistent with the Japanese constitution EXCEPT
A) the sovereignty of the emperor.
B) the military was under the control of the Diet.
C) Parliament was bicameral.
D) the Peers (nobles) had the veto power.
E) voting was restricted based on wealth.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 788
42) ʺRich County, Strong Armyʺ was a slogan of
A) China. B) Korea. C) Russia. D) India. E) Japan.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 789
331
43) By 1914, all of the following applied to Japan EXCEPT
A) Japan defeated Russia in 1905.
B) the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
C) Japan absorbed Korea and Taiwan.
D) Japanʹs imperialistic regime threatened Asia.
E) Japanese laborers enjoyed improved working conditions and higher wages.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 791
44) Due to European and Japanese imperialism, the indigenous populations of Oceania
encountered
A) newly introduced diseases.
B) loss of land.
C) undermining of local customs.
D) destruction of local religions.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 792
45) The Maori are the
A) indigenous population of Australia.
B) laws that applied to white Australians.
C) native population of New Zealand.
D) French protectorate including Tahiti.
E) Pacific islands annexed by Germany.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 792
46) Hawaii became the colony of
A) Russia.
B) Japan.
C) the United States.
D) Holland.
E) France.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 793
332
Chapter 26 The Americas, 1825-1914
1) The caudillos were
A) Latin Americaʹs merchant class.
B) military leaders in Latin America.
C) Latin American colonists.
D) liberal, urban descendants of original white settlers.
E) people of Spanish descent who were born in Latin America.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 798
2) Why did the successes of the liberation movements NOT result in stable republics in Latin
America?
A) British interference
B) American interference
C) military regimes threatened republican governments
D) no consensus as to the type of government wanted
E) loyalty to the Spanish throne
Answer: D
Page Ref: 798-799
3) What is enlightened despotism?
A) rule by a tyrant
B) an elected monarchy
C) Rule by a monarch or autocratic ruler who governs with the goal of improving the lives
of the citizens.
D) an elected chancellor with an appointed advisory council
E) An elected official whose term is unlimited.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 798
4) All of the following were major racial groups in Latin America EXCEPT
A) Indians.
B) whites.
C) Asians.
D) mestizos.
E) Creole.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 798
5) Latin American states faced all of the following problems in their struggles for independence
EXCEPT
A) the dominance of the Catholic Church in the education system and land holdings.
B) the mercantilist economic system.
C) the tradition of self government.
D) racial disunity.
E) leadership rivalries.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 799
333
6) Why was General Antonio López de Santa Anna a controversial figure in Mexico?
A) He lost the territory of New Mexico.
B) He sold southern New Mexico to the United States.
C) He lost the territory of Texas.
D) He was corrupt.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 800
7) The Reforma program in Mexico was designed to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT
A) Mexicoʹs independence from Spain.
B) the destruction of the political power of the Catholic Church.
C) the incorporation of the mestizos and Indians into Mexican politics.
D) the establishment of democracy.
E) abolishment of the 10 percent tithe to the Catholic Church.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 800
8) A puppet state under Archduke Ferdinand Maximillian was established in Mexico by
A) France. B) Austria. C) Spain. D) Britain. E) Prussia.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 800
9) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Benito Juarezʹs presidency of Mexico?
A) forced Maximillian out with assistance from the United States
B) attempted a series of reforms
C) secular education
D) won a civil war over his anti-church policies
E) a much improved status for women
Answer: E
Page Ref: 800
10) The main two forces of division in Argentina during the 19th century were the
A) whites and blacks.
B) nobles and peasants.
C) religious and secular sectors of the society.
D) commercial elements and great ranchers.
E) middle class and peasants.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 800
11) What does ʺpampasʺ mean?
A) cheap labor
B) grasslands
C) cowboys
D) large estates
E) cattle ranches
Answer: B
Page Ref: 800
334
12) Which of the following does NOT apply to 19th-century Argentina?
A) agrarian
B) pampas
C) few immigrants
D) gauchos
E) estancias
Answer: C
Page Ref: 801
13) Which of the following was a result of the Conquest of the Desert?
A) the construction of railroads, highways, light industry, and urban areas with British
capital
B) massive settlement of Argentina by immigrants
C) a military campaign to remove the Indians
D) a public education system
E) redistribution of land to landless poor
Answer: C
Page Ref: 801-802
14) The traditional guiding principles of American foreign policy have been all of the following
EXCEPT
A) the desire to protect and foster foreign trade.
B) a basic desire for national security.
C) the desire to spread American culture and religion.
D) the feeling of a national mission in sympathizing with and encouraging the growth of
freedom in the world.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 816-817
15) Brazil had been a colony of
A) Portugal.
B) Spain.
C) France.
D) Britain.
E) Holland.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 802
16) Despite the efforts of Britain, which of the following nations supported the continuation of
slavery?
A) Mexico
B) Argentina
C) Brazil
D) Peru
E) Uruguay
Answer: C
Page Ref: 802
335
17) Which country was created as a buffer between Argentina and Brazil?
A) Peru
B) Colombia
C) Uruguay
D) Paraguay
E) Bolivia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 802
18) Brazil became a monarchy because
A) the Portuguese royal family sought refuge there during the Napoleonic Wars.
B) it had maintained a king since ancient times.
C) the king of Spain demanded one.
D) the Brazilian people elected a king.
E) the nobles and the Catholic Church required a king.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 802
19) A major problem of Latin America after independence was
A) interference from Europe.
B) interference from the United States.
C) underpopulation.
D) lack of railroads to transport goods.
E) failure to diversify the economy.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 805
20) What is Brazilʹs most important export?
A) tobacco B) wheat C) coffee D) cotton E) tin
Answer: C
Page Ref: 805
21) Which of the following was NOT a success of President Porfirio Díaz?
A) improvement in conditions for the Indians
B) reliance on the cientificos
C) large amounts of foreign investment
D) railway construction
E) increase in exports
Answer: A
Page Ref: 806
22) The only genuine social revolution in South America prior to World War I occurred in
A) Argentina.
B) Columbia.
C) Chile.
D) Mexico.
E) Panama.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 806
336
23) Who was Francisco ʺPanchoʺ Villa?
A) wealthy property owner and industrialist
B) Mexican president
C) famous Mexican poet
D) leader of the peasant and cowboy rebels
E) a Mexican who regarded recolonization as an option
Answer: D
Page Ref: 807
24) Prior to 1912, all of the following related to Argentina EXCEPT
A) authoritarian government.
B) 1,800 people owned most of the land.
C) fraud.
D) universal male suffrage.
E) no secret ballot.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 808
25) The largest city in Latin America is
A) Rio de Janeiro.
B) Buenos Aires.
C) Bogotá.
D) Lima.
E) Sao Paolo.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 809
26) Argentinaʹs economy between 1880 and 1914
A) failed to prosper.
B) grew little or no wheat due to poor soils.
C) suffered due to a massive labor shortage.
D) was aided by foreign money used to build an infrastructure.
E) was plagued by disease and famine.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 809
27) Which of the following does NOT apply to the tango?
A) After prostitution was banned, the tango gained popularity.
B) It was spread by the innovation of the radio during the 1930s.
C) This sensuous dance had its beginnings in brothels.
D) It was a reflection of immigrant men and their lonely existence.
E) It was never popular in Europe.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 810
337
28) The two major problems facing the United States in the 19th century were how to deal with
A) hunger and war.
B) free land and slavery.
C) feudal remnants and imperialism.
D) industrialization and religion.
E) political parties and factions.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 811
29) All of the following were characteristics of Jacksonian democracy EXCEPT
A) a government more responsive to the common person.
B) property requirements for voting.
C) any male American citizen was able to hold any office in the land.
D) the growth of the public school system.
E) Indians lost land east of the Mississippi River.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 812
30) All of the following are consistent with President Jacksonʹs policy toward the Indians EXCEPT
A) the ʺTrail of Tears.ʺ
B) compliance with 18th-century treaties.
C) an official policy of Indian removal to west of the Mississippi River.
D) the belief that Indians were incapable of civilization.
E) a priority granted to private ownership of farm land for the Americans.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 812
31) All of the following were added to the United States due to the pursuit of Manifest Destiny
EXCEPT
A) Texas.
B) Oregon.
C) California.
D) Cuba.
E) Arizona.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 813
32) The issue that made slavery a critical question in the United States during the 19th century
was
A) whether to allow slavery in the new states and territories.
B) the ending of the slave trade.
C) how to deal with the native Indians.
D) the international reputation of the United States.
E) compensation for slave owners.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 814
338
33) The purpose of Reconstruction of the South, 18651877, was to
A) end the feudal military occupation of the South.
B) establish democratic voting and property rights for the former slaves.
C) re-establish the rule of the planter aristocracy in the South.
D) restore property damaged in the Civil War.
E) distribute former plantation land to freed slaves.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 815
34) After Reconstruction, Southern states
A) were controlled by the North.
B) enacted laws to deny free African Americans their civil rights.
C) industrialized.
D) totally altered their political systems.
E) became Republican states.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 815
35) The most important result of the American Civil War was
A) the industrialization of the United States.
B) the confirmation that the United States was an indivisible sovereign nation.
C) the entry of the western states into the Union.
D) the expansion of the nation.
E) that Europe approved of the American policies.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 815
36) In addition to slavery, an economic issue separating the North from the South in the United
States was
A) land titles.
B) banking policies.
C) capitalism versus socialism.
D) industry versus agriculture.
E) construction of railroads.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 815
37) When the Southern states seceded from the United States in 1861, they formed the
A) Southern League.
B) New American Commonwealth.
C) Confederacy.
D) Union.
E) Slavery Protective Society.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 815
339
38) The purposes of the American Progressive Movement between 1890 and 1914 included all the
following EXCEPT
A) to end the abuse of natural resources.
B) to integrate the public school system.
C) to win support for the Interstate Commerce Act.
D) to implement the direct primary.
E) to mobilize the elite to reform society.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 816
39) The main goals of American foreign policy include all the following EXCEPT
A) trade.
B) spread of democracy.
C) national security.
D) colonization.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 816
40) The United States issued the Open Door Policy, which was directed at
A) Japan.
B) European dominance in the East Indies.
C) Russian expansion in the Pacific.
D) Chinese trade.
E) Dutch abuses in the Dutch East Indies.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 817
41) Dollar Diplomacy referred to
A) the injection of large amounts of United States economic aid into Latin America.
B) ensuring a positive balance of trade.
C) the unification of official United States foreign policy with private United States
investments.
D) the use of bribes to secure the foreign policy goals of the United States.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 817
42) As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States added all of the following
EXCEPT
A) Cuba.
B) Guam.
C) the Philippines.
D) Puerto Rico.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 818
340
43) The Platt Amendment established
A) that the United States would support European investment in Latin America.
B) the independence of the Central American countries.
C) that the United States would become a power in Latin America.
D) that the United States would never use force in Latin America.
E) that Cuba became an American colony.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 818
44) Guantanamo Bay is significant because
A) it is the location of an American defeat during the Spanish-American War.
B) Britain and France built a coaling station for their ships there.
C) it was the future site of a canal to link the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
D) it was retained by the United States as a military base on Cuba.
E) Spain maintained a naval base there.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 818
45) When American attempts to build a canal across the isthmus of Panama were thwarted by the
Colombian senate, the United States
A) decided to build a railroad across the isthmus of Panama instead.
B) initiated a revolution in Panama.
C) built it elsewhere.
D) declared war on Colombia.
E) ceded the project to Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 818—820
341
Chapter 27 World War I and Its Economic
and Political Consequences
1) Which of the following was NOT a major, long-range cause of World War I?
A) nationalism
B) religion
C) imperialism
D) militarism
E) European rivalries
Answer: B
Page Ref: 824
2) Which power lost the first Balkan War?
A) Ottoman Empire
B) Greece
C) Bulgaria
D) Serbia
E) Austria
Answer: A
Page Ref: 824
3) All of the following were results of the Balkan Crisis (19081913) EXCEPT
A) The Ottoman Empire continued to hang on to a small European property.
B) the alliances of the Great Powers clashed over allies in the Balkans.
C) Russia had to support its Balkan allies or lose all influence.
D) Austria was fearful of Serbian expansion.
E) Serbia gained a seaport on the Adriatic.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 824-825
4) Russiaʹs inaction during the Balkan crisis of 1908 was mainly due to its
A) indifference to Balkan affairs.
B) involvement in Morocco.
C) ongoing war in Afghanistan.
D) recent defeat by Japan.
E) fear of rising Prussian power.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 824
5) The spark that set off World War I was the
A) Austrian invasion of Serbia.
B) German invasion of Poland.
C) assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne.
D) assassination of the Russian Tsar.
E) Serbian attack on Austria.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 825
342
6) All of the following apply to Gavrilo Princip EXCEPT
A) he was inspired by propaganda to create Greater Serbia.
B) assistance came from the Black Hand, a secret terrorist group from Serbia.
C) he was a terrorist from Bosnia.
D) Serbia was proven to have been involved.
E) he was a 19-year-old Bosnian.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 825
7) Austrian policy in the Balkans prior to the outbreak of World War I was consistently
supported by
A) Serbia.
B) Turkey.
C) Germany.
D) Russia.
E) France.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 825
8) Russiaʹs motive in supporting Serbia in the crisis of 1914 was to
A) acquire additional territory.
B) maintain its prestige.
C) protect its financial interests.
D) forestall an Austrian attack.
E) block Prussia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 8825
9) The role of France prior to the outbreak of World War I included
A) reassuring Russia of full cooperation.
B) trying to persuade Russia to pressure Serbia to cooperate.
C) attempting to negotiate the dispute between Austria and Serbia.
D) assisting Austria in prosecuting the assassins.
E) calming the international situation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 825
10) The Schlieffen Plan assumed
A) insignificant Belgian resistance.
B) a swift defeat of France.
C) a slow mobilization for Russia.
D) Britain would not declare war.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 826
343
11) In initiating military operations in 1914, Germany violated the neutrality of
A) Switzerland.
B) the Netherlands.
C) Denmark.
D) Belgium.
E) Luxembourg.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 826
12) All of the following are consistent with events leading up to war during the summer of 1914
EXCEPT
A) diplomats tried to avert general war.
B) ʺThe lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.ʺ
C) Italy joined the Central Powers.
D) Austrian belligerence moved Russia to mobilize.
E) Turkey, fearing Russia, supported Austria.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 826-827
13) Advantages of the Allies did NOT include
A) superior generalship.
B) naval superiority.
C) stronger financial resources.
D) greater resources.
E) supplies from the United States.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 827
14) The first Battle of the Marne was a defeat for
A) Austria.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) Russia.
E) Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 828
15) World War I on the western front might best be described as
A) trench warfare.
B) complicated maneuvering without much fighting.
C) fortress warfare.
D) relatively unimportant.
E) lightning warfare.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 829
344
16) A war of attrition implies that
A) one party has more power than the other.
B) the war will be short.
C) there will be no decisive victory, only defeat by exhaustion.
D) the war will spread over a vast territory.
E) one party sues for peace.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 829
17) Weapons developed during World War I included
A) airplanes.
B) tanks.
C) poison gas.
D) ʺBig Bertha.ʺ
Answer: E
Page Ref: 829
18) Major setbacks for the Allies during the first two years of war occurred
A) on the eastern front.
B) on the western front.
C) in naval encounters.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 830
19) The British plan to open the Dardanelles
A) occurred at the west end of the Mediterranean Sea.
B) aided the French siege of Istanbul.
C) successfully ended the Ottoman threat.
D) failed despite heroic and costly attacks by the Anzac forces.
E) failed to rescue Greece.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 829
20) ________ declared war on the Central Powers in 1915 in exchange for promises of concessions
of territory.
A) Serbia B) Spain C) Italy D) Bulgaria E) Greece
Answer: C
Page Ref: 830
21) The battles at Verdun and on the Somme in 1916
A) were examples of brilliant strategy.
B) were decided by the use of tanks.
C) caused enormous casualties to both sides.
D) inflicted severe defeats on the Germans.
E) brought American troops into the war.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 831
345
22) Which of the following events was a success for the Allied side in 1915?
A) the defeat of Serbia
B) Italyʹs entry into the war
C) Russiaʹs operations against the Germans
D) the Gallipoli campaign
E) Bulgariaʹs entry into the war
Answer: B
Page Ref: 830
23) The Battle of Jutland was
A) a decisive victory for the Germans over Russia.
B) World War Iʹs only major naval battle.
C) a victory for the Italian army over the Austrians.
D) an indecisive but bloody battle on the western front.
E) the beginning of a major naval campaign between Germany and Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 831
24) On the home front, both the Allies and the Central Powers
A) used propaganda to encourage civilian support.
B) instituted rationing.
C) suspended civil liberties.
D) assumed control over their economies.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 831
25) The entry of the United States into World War I was occasioned mainly by
A) the desire to impose democracy on the Central Powers.
B) effective British propaganda.
C) German submarine attacks on American ships.
D) the threat of a German-Mexican invasion of Texas.
E) monetary investment.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 833
26) All of the following have been associated with World War I EXCEPT
A) ʺmake the world safe for democracy.ʺ
B) ʺYou have nothing to fear but fear itself.ʺ
C) doughboys.
D) A Farewell to Arms.
E) Wilfred Owen.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 833-835
346
27) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918
A) signified Germanyʹs victory over Romania.
B) acknowledged Germanyʹs defeat in 1918.
C) annexed Serbia to Austria.
D) annexed vast Russian territories and population to Germany.
E) signaled Franceʹs exhaustion and possible defeat.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 834
28) Which of the following statements describes the Wilson administrationʹs real position on the
war prior to April 6, 1917?
A) sympathetic to the Allies but with no participation
B) apathetic
C) pro-Allies
D) pro-German
E) ʺmust be impartial in thought as well as actionʺ
Answer: C
Page Ref: 833
29) In which of the following battles did the American marines stop the German advance?
A) Second Battle of the Marne
B) Battle of Verdun
C) Battle of the Somme
^
D) Battle of Cha teau-Thierry
E) Battle of Leipzig
Answer: D
Page Ref: 834
30) In which of the following countries did the First World War NOT cause the collapse of the
political system?
A) Russia B) Germany C) Japan D) Turkey E) Austria
Answer: C
Page Ref: 835—836
31) The Allied statesman who demanded the most specific guarantees against future German
aggression was
A) Clemenceau.
B) Wilson.
C) Lloyd George.
D) Orlando.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 835
347
32) At the Paris Peace Conference, President Wilson was willing to compromise on many
questions in order to gain support for
A) the principle of open diplomacy.
B) the League of Nations.
C) lenient treatment for Germany.
D) freedom of the seas.
E) territory for the United States.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 836
33) To protect member states from aggression, the Covenant of the League of Nations empowered
the League Council to
A) advise appropriate action to be taken.
B) command member states to use their own forces.
C) use the Leagueʹs armed forces.
D) expel the aggressor state from the League.
E) establish binding arbitration to settle all international disputes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 836
34) Which of the following was NOT a provision of the peace settlement with Germany in 1919?
A) Germany was to be disarmed.
B) The Saar coal fields were assigned to France.
C) The Rhineland was to be a separate state.
D) Alsace-Lorraine went back to France.
E) The Polish Corridor was created.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 836-840
35) Dictated conditions to Germany included all the following EXCEPT
A) the loss of its navy.
B) a divided Germany.
C) the forbidden union with Austria.
D) the Polish Corridor.
E) Danzig became a League of Nations city.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 840
36) All of the following were included in the Versailles Treaty EXCEPT
A) reparations of $32.5 billion from Germany.
B) Anschluss was forbidden.
C) it established Yugoslavia.
D) self-determination for the Middle Eastern peoples.
E) Germany was forced to accept blame for the war.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 836-841
348
37) To solve the dilemma of colonies, the Treaty of Versailles
A) declared all the colonies of the Central Powers to be independent.
B) established the Mandate System.
C) dissolved all colonial empires.
D) gave all German colonies to Britain.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 841
38) Which of the following empires survived World War I?
A) Romanov
B) Ottoman
C) Habsburg
D) Hohenzollern
Answer: E
Page Ref: 841-842
39) Which European nation was NOT created by the Versailles Treaty?
A) Estonia
B) Bulgaria
C) Czechoslovakia
D) Yugoslavia
E) Turkey
Answer: B
Page Ref: 841-842
40) World War I was followed by a worldwide epidemic of
A) cholera.
B) bubonic plague.
C) influenza.
D) measles.
E) polio.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 842
41) The complete collapse of the German economy in 1923 was mainly due to
A) Allied demands for reparations.
B) Germanyʹs deliberate policy of stimulating inflation to make up for the loss of exports.
C) the occupation of the Ruhr.
D) internal political conflicts in Germany.
E) a French blockade.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 844
349
42) The invasion of the Ruhr district by the French in 1923 had all of the following repercussions
EXCEPT
A) Economic troubles continued in France.
B) British support of the seizure.
C) revitalized German hatred for the French.
D) catastrophic inflation of German currency.
E) American condemnation of Franceʹs invasion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 844
43) Which of the following states suffered the LEAST from inflation after World War I?
A) Czechoslovakia
B) Poland
C) Britain
D) Germany
E) Austria
Answer: A
Page Ref: 844
44) Economic recovery in Europe in the mid- and late 1920s was aided by

A) the elimination of high tariffs.
B) American funds.
C) the cancellation of Europeʹs debts to the United States.
D) the cancellation of Germanyʹs reparations.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 845
45) The effects of postwar inflation were most damaging to the
A) middle classes.
B) large capitalists.
C) farmers.
D) urban workers.
E) land owners.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 844
46) Which of the following factors was NOT a reason for the onset of the Great Depression?
A) protective tariffs
B) overregulation of the New York Stock Exchange
C) overproduction and the collapse of agriculture
D) the problems of paying reparations and debts
E) European population decline
Answer: B
Page Ref: 845
350
47) Autarky means
A) total military control of the government.
B) no organized religion.
C) no government.
D) absolute rule of a dictator.
E) economic self-sufficiency.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 845
48) ʺBlack Thursdayʺ refers to
A) the Wall Street crash of 1929.
B) Herbert Hooverʹs election as U.S. president.
C) the occupation of the Ruhr.
D) the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.
E) the fall of the Kredit-Anstalt in Vienna.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 846
49) Which of the following was NOT generally attempted as a remedy for the Great Depression?
A) free trade
B) depreciation of the currency
C) more governmental controls over the economy
D) higher protective tariffs
E) abandoning the gold standard
Answer: A
Page Ref: 846-847
50) Which of the following was generally NOT a result of the Great Depression?
A) decline in the value of industrial stocks
B) high unemployment
C) increases in the prices of food
D) disruption of international banking and finance
E) state participation in the daily lives of individuals
Answer: C
Page Ref: 847
51) The only country to repay its wartime debt to the United States is
A) Germany.
B) Britain.
C) France.
D) Russia.
E) Finland.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 847
351
52) Theater, escapism, and technology combined to create which popular and universal art form
in the first part of the century?
A) television
B) mass sports programming
C) movies
D) radio
E) all of the above
Answer: C
Page Ref: 848
53) Which new music format captured mass audiences during the postWorld War I years?
A) swing
B) rock and roll
C) soul
D) jazz
E) folk
Answer: D
Page Ref: 848
54) Dempsey, Schmeling, and Carpentier were popular 1920s
A) authors.
B) musicians.
C) painters.
D) sports figures.
E) poets.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 848
55) Oswald Spengler wrote a widely quoted book questioning his culture and times called
A) All Quiet on the Western Front.
B) Main Street.
C) Mein Kampf.
D) Decline of the West.
E) Magic Mountain.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 848
56) The British political party that declined to relative unimportance after World War I was the
________ party.
A) Conservative
B) Communist
C) Liberal
D) Labour
E) Socialist
Answer: C
Page Ref: 849
352
57) David Lloyd George, Stanley Baldwin, and Ramsay MacDonald were all
A) Labourites.
B) Conservatives.
C) British prime ministers.
D) Liberals.
E) radical socialists.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 849
58) Ramsay MacDonaldʹs Labour government of 19291931
A) reduced unemployment significantly.
B) resumed diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia.
C) enacted major tax increases.
D) eliminated the dole.
E) improved Britainʹs economy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 849
59) In the 1930s, a balanced budget, limited government spending, and high tariffs characterized
the economic policies of conservatism in
A) France.
B) Soviet Russia.
D) Britain.
E) Germany.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 849
60) Britain failed to address the demand for home rule in
A) Ireland.
B) South Africa.
C) Australia.
D) Palestine.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 849
61) Considering the number of deaths in proportion to its population, the European democracy
that suffered the most in World War I was
A) Italy.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Belgium.
E) Czechoslovakia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 849
353
62) The major European state that experienced the slowest rate of population growth in the 1920s
and 1930s was
A) Britain.
B) France.
C) Russia.
D) Germany.
E) Austria.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 849
63) The leader of the French Popular Front government was
A) Georges Clemenceau.
B) Charles de Gaulle.
C) Leon Blum.
D) Alexander Stavisky.
E) John Keynes.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 850
64) During 1933 and 1934, the government of France was rocked by a corruption scandal
involving prominent politicians and a rogue financier named
A) William Beveridge.
B) Alfred .E Smith.
C) Salvador Dali.
D) Alexander Stavisky.
E) Paul Verlaine.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 850
65) Which of the following was NOT a policy attempted by the French Popular Front
government?
A) an alliance with Hitlerʹs Germany
B) extensive labor reforms
C) cooperation with Britain for security
D) cooperation with the Soviet Union for security
E) reduction of the domination of the traditional ruling elite+
Answer: A
Page Ref: 850
66) All of the following are significant features of Czechoslovakia EXCEPT
A) ethnic minority problems.
B) a high literacy rate.
C) a strong middle class.
D) solid financial institutions.
E) a weak technology base.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 851
354
67) Which of the following nations had NOT existed before World War I?
A) Denmark
B) Romania
C) Yugoslavia
D) Hungary
E) Serbia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 851
68) Which of the following accurately portrays problems in eastern Europe during the inter-war
years?
A) fierce nationalism
B) ethnic diversity
C) location between powerful neighbors
D) small middle class
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 851-852
69) Problems that were unique to the re-created nation of Poland included
A) border conflicts with Austria.
B) Danzig.
C) religious disunity.
D) a strong executive.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 851
70) Spain after World War I
A) annexed Portugal.
B) maintained a stable, secure, and prosperous society.
C) benefited from the economics needs of western Europe.
D) continued aristocratic privilege.
E) improved the peasantsʹ situation.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 852
71) Warren G. Hardingʹs administration ended in a cloud of
A) dust.
B) disaster.
C) glory.
D) scandal.
E) assassination.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 853
355
72) The New Deal was
A) a cunning plan to increase Franklin D. Rooseveltʹs wealth.
B) a Marxist inspired economic program engineered by socialists.
C) a pragmatic collection of efforts to do something, anything, to attempt to get the country
moving again.
D) the beginning of the moral degeneration of the United States.
E) without controversy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 853
73) Which of the following is associated with the New Deal?
A) creating jobs through public works
B) increased rights of labor unions
C) providing for the sick and elderly through the Social Security Act
D) massive debt
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 853
74) After World War I, Latin America continued
A) its total inability to institute reforms.
B) its tradition of political stability.
C) its dependence on exports of raw materials.
D) to be ignored by the outside world.
E) its economic prosperity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 854
75) The psychologist who emphasized the element of the unconscious in human behavior was
A) Fromm B) Freud. C) Pavlov. D) Brothers. E) Dr. Phil.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 854
76) U.S. policy toward Latin America by President Hooverʹs administration
A) initiated the Good Neighbor Policy.
B) resulted in $560 million in trade.
C) proclaimed that no state had the right to interfere in the internal or external affairs of
another state.
D) attempted to improve relations.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 854
356
77) Einstein maintained
A) that time and distance are interrelated.
B) that mass and energy are convertible.
C) that the mass of a body increases with its velocity.
D) that photons exist.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 855
78) Which of the following composers was noted for using several different keys simultaneously, a
device known as polytonality?
A) Richard Strauss
B) Felix Mendelssohn
C) Frederic Chopin
D) Igor Stravinsky
E) Claude Debussy
Answer: D
Page Ref: 857
79) Arnold Schoenberg developed
A) the twelve-tone system.
B) the total dissonance approach.
C) polytonality.
D) tone painting.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 857
80) Guernica, a mural vividly depicting the destruction of a town in the Spanish Civil War, was
painted by
A) Henri Cartier-Bresson.
B) Henri Matisse.
C) Pablo Picasso.
D) Franz Kafka.
E) Marcel Duchamp.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 857
81) An artistic movement that emphasized the subconscious as the key to individual freedom was
A) existentialism.
B) Dadaism.
C) surrealism.
D) realism.
E) cubism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 857
357
82) In the painting of the 1920s, Matisse and Picasso could be described as
A) members of the Dada school.
B) surrealists.
C) nonrepresentational and abstract painters.
D) traditional artists.
E) impressionists.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 857
83) The artistic establishment of the 1920s
A) saw World War I as proof that rationality did not exist.
B) emphasized irrationality and anti-traditionalism.
C) exalted the violent.
D) had an affinity with primitive art.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 857
84) Frank Lloyd Wright
A) built magnificent, though useless, monumental structures.
B) pioneered the development of the skyscraper.
C) created the Bauhaus movement.
D) created houses that blended in with the flat land of the Midwestern United States.
E) had no lasting impact on architecture of the future.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 858
358
Chapter 28 The Failure of the Liberal Model
and the Rise of Authoritarianism
1) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Word War I placed severe hardship on the people of Japan.
B) World War I offered Japan economic opportunities.
C) Japanese trade was halted.
D) Much physical damage occurred to Japanʹs cities during World War I.
E) Japanese wages and prices fell dramatically.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 862
2) What is meant by ʺzaibatsuʺ?
A) rich complex enterprises with strong loyalty ties
B) the new urban culture
C) rice riots
D) womenʹs liberation essays
E) erotic, grotesque, and nonsensical literature
Answer: A
Page Ref: 863
3) Japanʹs democratic government during the interwar period
A) was a constitutional monarchy.
B) had an unelected group of elders who nominated the prime ministers.
C) passed laws limiting freedom of speech.
D) required that the Japanese were not citizens but subjects.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 864
4) Women in Japan during the interwar years
A) were able to vote.
B) could participate in political parties.
C) had the right to divorce.
D) joined feminist groups but gained nothing.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 865
5) What was the role of the League of Nations in thwarting the aggression of Japan, Italy, Russia,
or Germany during the 1920s and 1930s?
A) Japan and Italy were stopped but not Germany and Russia.
B) Since these countries were not members, the League had no role.
C) It successfully stopped them.
D) It failed in all attempts to curb aggression.
E) The League had been disbanded in 1922.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 865
359
6) What event in 1923 increased the economic problems of Japan?
A) Chinese attacks on Japanese territory
B) an earthquake
C) the liberation of Korea
D) refusal of the United States to trade with Japan
E) a coup by the military
Answer: B
Page Ref: 866
7) Japan pulled out of the effects of the Great Depression sooner than other industrialized
countries due to
A) Keynesianism.
B) limiting of military expenses.
C) foreign loans.
D) increased agricultural productivity.
E) the impact of military spending.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 866
8) The period after World War I favored
A) the growth of democratic government.
B) the continued growth of middle-class liberalism and capitalism.
C) the spread of dictatorial rule of the fascist and communist varieties.
D) a return to greater influence by the nobility in political institutions.
E) traditional patterns of government.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 867
9) Which is NOT a significant aspect of fascism?
A) anti-nationalistic
B) anti-conservative
C) anti-liberal
D) totalitarian
E) superiority of one group
Answer: A
Page Ref: 867
10) The application of the biological doctrine of ʺsurvival of the fittestʺ to social and economic
conditions was called
A) sociology.
B) socialism.
C) realpolitik.
D) Social Darwinism.
E) racism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 867
360
11) One of the founders of modern racism was
A) Joseph Gobineau.
B) Pierre Curie.
C) Auguste Comte.
D) Heinrich Hertz.
E) Charles Darwin.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 867
12) The ʺPanʺ movements of the 19th century involved
A) a belief in Orthodox Christianity.
B) a belief in atheism.
C) a belief in the superiority of a particular ethnic group and culture.
D) a belief in the inferiority of the Jews.
E) a belief in tolerance.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 867
13) Anti-Semitism is
A) the disbelief in Christianity.
B) the rejection of capitalism.
C) the systematic hostility toward Jews.
D) the attempt to stop immigration.
E) the hatred of non-Jews.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 867
14) The statement that ʺthe Jews are our calamityʺ was made in Germany by the historian
A) Heinrich von Treitschke.
B) Felix Mendelssohn.
C) Friedrich Engels.
D) Theodor Herzl.
E) Georg Hans.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 868
15) Which of the following is NOT consistent with pogroms?
A) They resulted in the murder of Russian Jews.
B) They were Russian-inspired.
C) Russian Jews were removed from their villages and replaced by Russians.
D) Stalin outlawed them.
E) The Protocols of the Elders of Zion encouraged anti Semitism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 868
361
16) The movement started by Jews to resist attacks made on them in Europe was
A) the Jewish Defense League.
B) the Mossad.
C) Zionism.
D) Pan-Israelism.
E) Never Again.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 868
17) As the end of the 19th century approached, all the following were consistent with popular
philosophy EXCEPT
A) a mood of rejection.
B) the belief in the decadence of Western civilization.
C) hostility toward the parliamentary system.
D) the belief that instinct was superior to reason.
E) a rational reaction against anti-liberalism by the younger generation.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 869
18) A pivotal reason for the acceptance of the idea that the ʺAryansʺ were a superior people
included
A) loss of faith in rationalism.
B) a youth culture.
C) the boredom of the middle classes.
D) rejection of the values of preceding generations.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 869
19) Which of the following is NOT consistent with fascism?
A) the belief in the superiority of instinct over reason
B) individualism
C) the belief in an overwhelming crisis
D) the belief that oneʹs group is a victim justifies any action without legal or moral limits
E) the beauty and effectiveness of violence if devoted to the will of the group.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 869
20) All of the following were significant components of fascism EXCEPT
A) the belief that the individual had value only as interpreted by the state.
B) a dependence on a cult devotion to a leader.
C) its constant reference to the legacy of the Roman Empire.
D) its clearly defined text.
E) the dominance of males.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 869
362
21) Problems facing postwar Italy included
A) invasion from France.
B) inflation and unemployment.
C) exclusion from the Versailles Peace Conference.
D) the death of the king.
E) natural disasters.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 870
22) Benito Mussolini, the son of a blacksmith, became the editor of Avanti, the leading newspaper
of Italyʹs
A) Socialist party.
B) Fascist movement.
C) Catholic party.
D) Communist party.
E) Democratic party.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 870
23) When World War I broke out, Benito Mussolini wanted Italy to
A) remain neutral and not fight.
B) fight on the Allied side.
C) bargain with the Allied and Central powers to see which would reward Italy with more
territory.
D) join the war on the side of Austria and Germany.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 870
24) An extremist Italian nationalist who impressed Mussolini by his flamboyant seizure of Fiume
in defiance of the will of the Paris peace conference was
A) Francisco Franco.
B) Gabriele DʹAnnunzio.
C) Josef Pilsudski.
D) Giuseppe Garibaldi.
E) Leonardo dʹCaprio.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 870
25) How did Mussolini come to power in Italy in 1922?
A) by winning a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies
B) by being invited by the king to form a coalition government
C) a revolt by the military forces of the state
D) a popular election in a plebiscite
E) a revolution
Answer: B
Page Ref: 871
363
26) Which was NOT a policy of Mussolini?
A) promote a capitalist, free-enterprise economic system
B) crush political opposition
C) regulate the press and freedom of expression
D) eliminate the popularly elected municipal governments
E) dissolve rival political parties
Answer: A
Page Ref: 871
27) Which of the following did Mussoliniʹs 1928 Lateran Treaty NOT do?
A) recognize the full sovereignty of Vatican City
B) declare Catholicism the state religion
C) bring the Catholic Church under state domination
D) require compulsory religious instruction
E) gain the Vaticanʹs support for his regime
Answer: C
Page Ref: 871
28) What impact did the Great Depression have on Mussoliniʹs Italy?
A) Italy suffered longer than other European countries.
B) Italyʹs economy was so poor that the depression had little or no impact.
C) Italyʹs government was strengthened.
D) Italy escaped the depression.
E) Its impact ended more quickly than in other countries.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 872
29) To which party did Friedrich Ebert, the first chancellor of the German Republic following
World War I, belong?
A) Nazi
B) Monarchist
C) Communist
D) Social Democratic
E) Socialist
Answer: D
Page Ref: 873
30) In early 1919, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg led an abortive Spartacist uprising in
Germany to
A) restore Emperor William II.
B) establish a military dictatorship.
C) create a Nazi government.
D) establish a Communist republic.
E) cancel the Versailles Treaty.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 873
364
31) One of the most important obstacles that faced the Weimar government was
A) the stigma of having signed the war guilt clause in the Versailles treaty.
B) failure to pay reparations.
C) continued warfare with Russia.
D) the election of a socialist to the office of Chancellor.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 873-874
32) Weimar Germanyʹs most serious handicap was the insecurity of the middle classes caused by
the
A) economic chaos caused by inflation in the 1920s and depression in the early 1930s.
B) fear of communist revolution.
C) activities of the Nazis and other right-wing extremist parties.
D) rise of totalitarian governments in Italy and Portugal.
E) free trade movement.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 874
33) During the 1920s, which of the following was NOT consistent with Germany?
A) having less dependence on foreign loans due to industrialization
B) the continuation of the myth of betrayal as the reason for defeat in World War I
C) youth who blamed their parentsʹ generation for the humiliation of the Versailles Treaty
D) rebuilding of the military with Soviet assistance
E) the middle class who never believed in the future of the Weimar Republic
Answer: A
Page Ref: 874
34) Before World War I, Hitler lived in which city, eking out a meager existence and absorbing the
vitriolic propaganda of anti-Semites?
A) Budapest
B) Vienna
C) Weimar
D) Berlin
E) Munich
Answer: B
Page Ref: 874
35) Which of the following statements about Hitlerʹs background is NOT true?
A) He served bravely in the German army during World War I.
B) During his school days, he was something of a loner and did not excel academically.
C) As a young man, he achieved a good education at an art institute in Vienna.
D) He was born and raised in Austria-Hungary.
E) He supported Social Darwinism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 874
365
36) Beliefs consistent with the National Socialist German Workersʹ Party did NOT include
A) nationalism.
B) anti-democratic beliefs.
C) anti-Semitism.
D) pro-communism.
E) violence.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 875
37) Which of the following were integral parts of the Nazi Party?
A) der Führer
B) swastika
C) anti-Semitism
D) Sturmabteilung (S.A.)
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 875
38) In November 1923, Adolf Hitler proclaimed a Putsch in a Munich beer hall, which

A) succeeded briefly and made Hitler a national hero.
B) succeeded and brought down the Socialist government in Berlin.
C) led to Hitlerʹs execution for treason.
D) was a failure and resulted in a prison sentence.
E) caused the government of the German Republic to reform.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 875
39) What was NOT an idea put forward by Hitler in Mein Kampf?
A) Democracy is a weak and decadent philosophy.
B) The Aryans are the noblest race, and the Jews are the arch criminals.
C) Germany must renounce war.
D) Communism is evil, and Germany will expand into the Soviet Ukraine.
E) History is fashioned by great races.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 875
40) The propaganda chief of the Nazi government was
A) Albrect Speer.
B) Rudolf Hess.
C) Joseph Goebels.
D) Hermann Goring.
E) Marinus van der Lubbe.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 876
366
41) As a result of the Enabling Act passed by the German Reichstag in 1933,
A) concentration camps were established.
B) Germany withdrew from the League of Nations.
C) Jews were prohibited from engaging in professions and holding government jobs.
D) Hitler was given the right to legislate by decree for four years.
E) Germany annexed Austria.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 876
42) The 1935 Nuremberg laws
A) deprived Jews of German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and
non-Jews.
B) brought the churches under Nazi control.
C) forced German universities to dismiss professors and students who were critical of
Nazism.
D) established the first Four-Year Plan, which aimed to get Germany out of the depression.
E) disbanded the Reichstag and made Hitler dictator.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 877
43) Kristallnacht
A) was a German Christmas tradition.
B) was a night raid on a French munitions factory.
C) joined Germany and Russia in a secret alliance.
D) caused the increased production of electricity.
E) was a government-sponsored attack on German Jews, their businesses, and synagogues.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 877
44) German culture during the Nazi Era
A) used public education to indoctrinate youth.
B) subordinated religions to the state.
C) encouraged large families.
D) required women to contribute to the economy as well as rear their children and care for
their homes.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 877-878
45) What was NOT part of Nazi economic policy?
A) giving the unemployed jobs in public works
B) increasing the debts and taxes on the middle class
C) freeing business and labor from government intervention
D) stimulating the economy by rearmament, highways, and other public works
E) ʺStrength Through Joyʺ
Answer: C
Page Ref: 878
367
46) The emphasis that Mussolini and Hitler placed on the importance of struggle and conflict
reflects the influence of
A) classical economists such as Adam Smith.
B) the most brilliant scientists of Italy and Austria.
C) Social Darwinism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 878
47) Hitlerʹs version of state capitalism did NOT
A) support trade unions and their right to strike.
B) increase government controls on business.
C) retain private property.
D) seek autarky.
E) build the German autobahn system.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 878
48) An event that precipitated the March 1917 revolution in Russia was
A) the seizure of public buildings in Petrograd by the Red Guard.
B) an abortive attempt to assassinate the tsar.
C) factory strikes in Petrograd and shortages of food.
D) the departure of Tsar Nicholas to the front to assume personal command of the army.
E) the death of the heir to the Russian throne.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 881
49) The organization set up by Socialists in Petrograd to rule in the name of the workers and
soldiers was the
A) Provisional Government.
B) Duma.
C) Cheka.
D) Soviet.
E) mir.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 881
50) What should have caused the greatest concern to Kerensky and the Provisional Government in
the summer and autumn in 1917?
A) the tsarʹs attempts to regain personal power
B) popular desire for the return of the tsarist government
C) the general unpopularity of Russiaʹs continued participation in the war
D) the large size of the Bolshevik movement
E) the Mensheviks
Answer: C
Page Ref: 881
368
51) The Mensheviks adhered to which philosophy?
A) They believed in violence as a revolutionary preferred method.
B) They sought an alliance system with Prussia and Austria.
C) They closely followed the teachings of Marx.
D) They believed a socialist government could be established with a peasant population.
E) They did not believe that Russia must industrialize before revolution could succeed.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 881
52) The Provisional Government of Russia failed for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) the Soviet issued Order #1, making the army democratic.
B) Nicolas II refused to abdicate.
C) it refused to take permanent action until the Constituent Assembly met.
D) the Mensheviks believed they must wait for the bourgeois revolution to end.
E) it refused to end involvement in World War I.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 882
53) Which of the following was NOT one of Leninʹs demands of April 16, 1917?
A) all power to the Soviets
B) elimination of all Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries
C) nationalization of all land
D) immediate peace with the Central Powers
E) a revolution against social oppressors
Answer: B
Page Ref: 882
54) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Bolshevik seizure of power?
A) French and British support
B) ʺPeace, Land, and Breadʺ
C) disintegration of the Russian front
D) seizure of the communications and police systems of Petrograd
E) arrest of members of the Provisional Government
Answer: A
Page Ref: 882-883
55) The brilliant leader of the military revolutionary committee who led the Bolshevik seizure of
power during the night of November 6, 1917, was
A) Kerensky.
B) Zinoviev.
C) Trotsky.
D) Stalin.
E) Kalinin.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 883
369
56) Leninʹs victory meant all of the following EXCEPT
A) the end of free elections.
B) no criticism of the centralized power of government.
C) no democratic reforms.
D) a coalition government with the Mensheviks.
E) brutal repression of all opposition.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 884
57) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the conflict between the Bolsheviks and
A) the Allies.
B) imperial Germany.
C) the tsar.
D) the Whites.
E) the Provisional Government.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 884
58) What was the Cheka?
A) the Russian secret police
B) a small elite group that controlled the Communist party
C) the largest tractor factory
D) state farms
E) the Russian intelligentsia
Answer: A
Page Ref: 884
59) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Leninʹs regime?
A) re-imposition of the death penalty
B) prison camps and repression
C) exile of the tsar and his family
D) a reign of terror
E) rule by a small elite group
Answer: C
Page Ref: 884-885
60) Which of the following was NOT an advantage of the Bolsheviks against the Whites in the civil
war?
A) support from the Allies
B) a disciplined Red Army
C) ideological unity
D) dislike of Allied intervention
E) defensive position
Answer: A
Page Ref: 884
370
61) According to Lenin, a ʺdictatorship of the proletariatʺ meant
A) no central government.
B) a democracy of the working class.
C) workersʹ councils formed committees to rule Russia.
D) an elite group would anticipate the needs of the masses and rule for them.
E) only workers could vote.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 884
62) What of the following is NOT consistent with Leninʹs government?
A) terror policy of the secret police
B) adoption of the Gregorian Calendar
C) distribution of land to the peasants
D) attack on the Orthodox Church
E) famine
Answer: C
Page Ref: 884-885
63) The real power within the USSR was the
A) Politburo.
B) Central Committee.
C) Secretariat.
D) Constituent Assembly.
E) Duma.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 885
64) By 1920, which of the following applied to Russia?
A) Surplus production of agricultural products was achieved.
B) Peasants supported Leninʹs program.
C) Due to famine and starvation, Lenin was forced to ask the United States for help.
D) Industrial production had increased 13 percent.
E) War communism had succeeded.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 886
65) What economic policies were pursued in Russia between 1918 and 1921?
A) capitalism
B) state ownership of banks and heavy industry but capitalism in small factories and in
agriculture
C) war communism, in which Marxist principles were imposed
D) collectivization of agriculture and concentration on development of heavy industry
E) encouragement of private property and small business
Answer: C
Page Ref: 885
371
66) Leninʹs New Economic Policy from 1921 to 1928
A) restored the economy of Russia.
B) produced success by introducing capitalism.
C) resulted in full employment.
D) failed to create economic growth.
E) worsened the situation of the peasants.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 886
67) The kulaks were
A) successful Russian farmers.
B) intellectuals.
C) collective farms.
D) state farms.
E) Russian Jews.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 886
68) What was NOT an important characteristic or strength of Trotsky?
A) energetic leadership
B) charismatic personality
C) oratorical skills
D) organizational abilities
E) arrogant intellectualism
Answer: D
Page Ref: 886
69) What position did Stalin use to come to power?
A) General Secretary of the Central Committeeʹs secretariat
B) head of the Cheka
C) principal spokesman of Politburo for economic affairs
D) leading army general
E) chief of the secret police
Answer: A
Page Ref: 886
70) Stalin believed that socialism
A) was a weak form of government.
B) could not be applied to the Soviet Union without another revolution.
C) must be spread worldwide.
D) must be applied to the Soviet Union first.
E) needed to be integrated slowly.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 887
372
71) Which of the following statements concerning Stalinʹs collectivization of agriculture is correct?
A) The living standard of the Russian peasants improved.
B) Stalinʹs political power was centralized.
C) Livestock production was increased.
D) Grain production was increased.
E) Russia was able to feed itself.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 887
72) Stalinʹs drive to collectivize agriculture and dramatically increase heavy industrial production
was called
A) the New Economic Policy.
B) the first five-year plan.
C) state capitalism.
D) war communism.
E) ʺOne For All.ʺ
Answer: B
Page Ref: 888
73) Results of Stalinʹs industrialization did NOT include
A) a dictatorship over the proletariat rather than of the proletariat.
B) improved living standards for Russian workers.
C) setting aside the principle of equal wages.
D) dramatic increase in industrial production.
E) few consumer goods produced.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 888
74) Victims of the purges in Russia in the 1920s and 1930s were
A) members of the Communist party Central Committee and Politburo.
B) from all classes of Soviet society.
C) from the ranks of the army.
D) old Bolsheviks and comrades of Lenin.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 889
75) Women during Stalinʹs reign experienced
A) mobilization for industrial production.
B) improved education.
C) mobilization for reproduction.
D) retention of all home duties.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 890
373
76) Under Stalin, the USSR
A) supported the Orthodox Church.
B) allowed education in the various languages of Russian ethnicities.
C) saw its cultural life expand.
D) returned to anti-Semitism.
E) enjoyed an increase in consumer goods.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 890
77) The purpose of art, philosophy, and history in Stalinʹs soviet state was
A) determined by public demand.
B) to serve the communist partyʹs program and philosophy.
C) for the sake of increased education opportunities.
D) to explore the bourgeois culture.
E) to exalt the individual.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 890
374
Chapter 29 Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
1) The first important leader of Chinese nationalism and of the movement that became the
Guomindang was
A) Sun Yat-sen.
B) Manchu.
C) Yuan Shikai.
D) Michael Borodin.
E) Empress Dowager Cixi.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 894
2) All of the following were principles of Sun Yat-senʹs reform program EXCEPT
A) nationalism.
B) communism.
C) peopleʹs livelihood.
D) democracy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 895
3) The name of the Chinese Nationalist Party that controlled Chinaʹs government in the 1920s
through the 1940s was the
A) Boxers.
B) Reformers.
C) Guomindang.
D) Communists.
E) Revolutionary Alliance.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 895
4) Chinese revolts against the Manchu dynasty and Yuan were caused by
A) imperialism.
B) a farm crisis.
C) governmental repression.
D) Sunʹs reform program.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 895
5) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the May Fourth generation?
A) support of the Versailles Treaty
B) viewing Confucianism as inadequate for modern China
C) nationalism, science, and democracy
D) publication of many periodicals using the vernacular
E) self-improvement to strengthen the country
Answer: A
Page Ref: 895-896
375
6) What was the purpose of the Northern Expedition?
A) to secure the border between China and the Soviet Union
B) to enable military control of Manchuria
C) to unite China and defeat warlordism and imperialism
D) to annex Korea
E) to defend Mongolia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 897
7) Who assumed leadership of the Guomindang after Sun Yat -senʹs death?
A) Zhou Enlai
B) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
C) Peng Pai
D) Mao Zedong
E) Lu Xun
Answer: B
Page Ref: 897
8) After 1927, the Chinese Nationalists and the Chinese Communists
A) unified to defeat Japan.
B) signed an agreement dividing China between them.
C) separated.
D) continued their alliance.
E) began a civil war.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 897
9) As leader of the Guomindang in the 1930s, Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai -shek) got most of his
support from
A) the warlord element.
B) the urban middle class.
C) peasants.
D) communists.
E) Japan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 898
10) Rural life in China in the 1920s and 1930s
A) saw improvement in the standard of living.
B) benefited from the improved policies of the Republic of China.
C) experienced starvation and death as common elements.
D) gained more political power with the collapse of the Manchu dynasty.
E) involved a minority of the population because most lived in urban areas.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 898
376
11) The leader of the Chinese Communist Party was
A) Mao Zedong.
B) Zhang Zuolin.
C) Zhou Enlai.
D) Deng Xiaoping.
E) Peng Pai.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 898
12) All of the following are consistent with the Long March EXCEPT
A) the communists remained in Shaanxi until after World War II.
B) the communists no longer attempted to gain their support from the peasants.
C) many people died along the way.
D) Jiang Jieshi forced the communists out of their territory.
E) less than 10 percent survived.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 898
13) Mao Zedongʹs contribution to Communist theory was the
A) belief that a Communist revolution must be based on the urban proletariat.
B) conviction that a rebellion could succeed only with foreign assistance.
C) belief that a Communist revolution must be based on peasant uprisings.
D) decision that Communists in China should not rebel immediately but await more
favorable circumstances.
E) merging of the Communist Party of China with the Communist Party of Russia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 898
14) Japanʹs domination of Asia extended to all the following areas EXCEPT
A) Shandong Province.
B) the Philippines.
C) Korea.
D) Manchuria.
E) Taiwan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 899
15) The Nine-Power Treaty signed in 1922 in Washington was designed to
A) assure free use of the Suez Canal.
B) end all exploitation of the peoples of Africa.
C) divide the lands of the Ottoman Empire.
D) curb further imperialistic competition in China.
E) allow Japan access to the natural resources in Southeast Asia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 899
377
16) Japan attempted to force China into submission with the
A) assassination of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek).
B) annexation of Korea.
C) Twenty-one Demands.
D) Nine-Power Treaty.
E) naval blockade.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 899
17) Japan conquered which of the following Chinese cities?
A) Shanghai
B) Tianjin
C) Beijing
D) Manchukuo
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 899-900
18) The Rape of Nanking (Nanjing) represented
A) the brutal racism of the Japanese.
B) appeasement.
C) cooperation between Germany and Japan.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 900
19) The Treaty of Kangwha
A) established a sovereign Korea.
B) was forced on Korea by Japan.
C) allowed missionaries to stay in Korea.
D) allowed the British to trade with Korea.
E) opened trade markets with Korea.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 900
20) Korea became a colony of ________ in 1910.
A) Britain B) China C) Russia D) Japan E) Belgium
Answer: D
Page Ref: 900
21) All of the following are examples of harsh colonial rule for Korea EXCEPT
A) its citizens were deprived of land ownership.
B) Korean women and girls were forced into sexual slavery as ʺcomfort women.ʺ
C) Koreans were forced into concentration camps.
D) many Koreans were murdered.
E) Korean men were used as forced labor and soldiers by the Japanese.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 900-901
378
22) Sinʹganhoe represents
A) the bringing together of Korean cultural nationalists.
B) a democratic political organization.
C) those in Korea who supported Japan.
D) the military rule of Korea.
E) Korean men who were forced to fight for Japan.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 901
23) The leader of the Vietnamese struggle for independence against France was
A) Ho Chi Minh.
B) Jawaharlal Nehru.
C) Sukarno.
D) Mohandas Gandhi.
E) Tonghok.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 902
24) French policy in Indochina was characterized by
A) severe economic exploitation.
B) allowing the Indochinese to rule their own internal affairs.
C) cooperation.
D) mass education programs.
E) a dual system of government.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 902
25) All of the following contributed to unrest in Southeast Asia EXCEPT
A) experience with self-government.
B) the economic crash of 1929.
C) draining of resources.
D) dramatic population growth.
E) the unpredictable world market.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 902
26) The Philippines
A) developed a plantation system.
B) were seized by Japan during the 1930s.
C) were prepared by the Americans for self-rule.
D) lacked nationalism.
E) were poorly educated.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 903
379
27) The purpose of the Jones Act was to
A) allow the Nazis to use former French colonies.
B) establish an independent currency for the Philippines.
C) establish constitutional government in the Philippines.
D) guarantee independence within ten years for the Philippines.
E) allow China to trade with the United States.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 903
28) The Dutch East Indies suffered before and after World War II because
A) of a civil war between the Muslims and non-Muslims.
B) its people were expatriated by the Japanese and used as slave labor.
C) first Holland exploited them, then Japan, and then Holland again.
D) many battles were fought there.
E) they were destroyed by an atomic bomb.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 903-904
29) Siam after 1939 was called
A) Burma.
B) Vietnam.
C) Thailand.
D) Malaya.
E) Nepal.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 904
30) What was the focus of nationalist movements in Burma?
A) India
B) Britain
C) Buddhism
D) Hinduism
E) Islam
Answer: C
Page Ref: 904
31) Malaya avoided the violence so common in Southeast Asia by
A) submitting to communist rule.
B) being allowed by the British to keep agricultural rights.
C) maintaining its sovereignty.
D) offering no resistance to the Japanese invasion.
E) mounting a strong independence movement.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 904
380
32) The Rowlatt Acts of 1918
A) established British rule.
B) imposed press censorship.
C) forbade illegal search and seizure.
D) codified the laws of India.
E) provided a constitution for India.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 906
33) The Government of India Act of 1921 provided for
A) more rigorous British control over Indian governmental affairs.
B) greater freedom for Indian cities but British control of other governmental levels.
C) full provincial autonomy while Britain ran the central government.
D) transfer of limited governmental responsibilities to Indians at the provincial level.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 906
34) The key element of Gandhiʹs message was
A) cooperation with Britons.
B) nonviolent passive resistance.
C) the righteousness of the cause of independence.
D) violent strikes and riots.
E) a Hindu theocracy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 906
35) The Amritsar Massacre brought about
A) an end to civil disobedience.
B) Indian independence.
C) the end of cooperation between Britons and Indians in the 1920s.
D) the initiation of the Rowlatt Act.
E) the founding of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 908
36) Gandhi worked for other goals in addition to independence. Some of those included all of the
following EXCEPT
A) dominance of the Hindus in the government.
B) abolition of alcohol.
C) better legal status for women.
D) removal of the stigma of the Untouchable caste.
E) cooperation between the Hindus and Muslims.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 908
381
37) A powerful symbol of Indian nationalism was the
A) Rowlatt Act.
B) Government of India Act of 1919.
C) Indian National Congress.
D) Hindu-Muslim clash.
E) Salt Marches.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 908
38) Jawaharlal Nehru was
A) the Afghan puppet set up by the Soviet Union following its invasion of that country.
B) Indiaʹs first Prime Minister.
C) the Muslim Indian leader who ordered the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.
D) the last Indian emperor.
E) Britainʹs representative to the Indian Congress.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 908
39) The efforts of the Indian National Congress to represent all of India were opposed by
A) Jawaharlal Nehru.
B) the Muslim League.
C) the Hindu-Muslim Unity League.
D) the Burmese.
E) Indian Nationalists.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 909-910
40) Britain, though wanting out of India, hesitated because
A) the violence between the Hindus and Muslims increased.
B) cotton was a major import for Britain.
C) the government did not want to lose the empire.
D) the British navy needed it for bases.
E) Indiaʹs Congress did not request independence.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 910
41) All of the following were results of the division of India in 1947 EXCEPT
A) millions of deaths.
B) peaceful coexistence of Muslims and Hindus.
C) the formation of a Muslim Pakistan.
D) the formation of a Hindu India.
E) a legacy of religious intolerance.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 910
382
Chapter 30 National Movements and the Drive for
Independence in the Middle East and
Africa from the 1920s to 1950s
1) Before World War I, most of the Middle East
A) was part of the Ottoman or the Qajar Empire.
B) failed to be of any importance to Europe.
C) was ruled by sovereign leaders chosen by the people.
D) was weakened by civil wars.
E) was of no concern to the major world powers.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 914
2) After World War I, the Middle East
A) was divided between those regions governed by Britain and France and those who
remained independent.
B) was returned to the Ottoman Empire.
C) nations became independent sovereign states.
D) was taken over by Russia, France, and Britain.
E) became an international zone free of western interference.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 915-916
3) The most controversial territory of the Middle East was
A) Damascus.
B) Jordan.
C) Syria.
D) Jerusalem.
E) Tehran.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 914
4) Jewish aspiration to create a national home in Palestine is known as
A) assimilation.
B) Zionism.
C) jihad.
D) self-government.
E) Young Turks.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 914
383
5) The British encouraged an Arab revolt in World War I, which was led by
A) Sharif Husayn.
B) Abdul-Aziz ibn-Saud.
C) Riza Shah Pahlavi.
D) Kwame Nkhrumah.
E) Chaim Weizmann.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 914-915
6) All of the following relate to conflicting claims or promises in the Middle East during World
War I EXCEPT
A) the Sykes-Picot Agreement.
B) the Balfour Declaration.
C) the British pledge to Sherif Husein.
D) the Fifth Pan-African Congress.
E) Lawrence of Arabia.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 915-916
7) The major problems with European diplomacy in the Middle East after World War I were all
of the following EXCEPT
A) the resurgence of the Ottoman Empire.
B) conflicting promises to various groups.
C) ignorance of Arab nationalism.
D) excessive rivalries.
E) religious conflicts.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 914-917
8) The former Ottoman Empire territory in the Middle East
A) became mandates of the League of Nations.
B) became the source of world tension.
C) was actually governed by Japan, Britain, or France.
D) was central to the quest for a Jewish homeland.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 916
9) After World War I, a mandate
A) was a former territory of Germany or the Ottoman Empire, ruled by Britain or France
and supposedly overseen by the League of Nations.
B) referred to an European diplomatic policy that advocated peace.
C) was a vote of support for the League of Nations.
D) needed to be received by the people of the Middle East prior to establishment of a
government.
E) was a requirement placed on the defeated Central Powers to pay reparations.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 916
384
10) The Balfour Declaration expressed British support for
A) a national home for the Jews in Palestine.
B) self-government for the Philippines.
C) an Arab nation in the Middle East.
D) Indian independence.
E) self-determination for all colonial subjects.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 916
11) The interests at the root of the conflict in Palestine included all of the following EXCEPT
A) Arab nationalism.
B) British imperial interests.
C) Zionism.
D) French intervention.
E) religious zealotry.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 917
12) The founder of Zionism was
A) Faisal Husain.
B) Theodore Herzl.
C) Chaim Weizmann.
D) Arthur James Balfour.
E) Lord Rothschild.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 916
13) The impact of the wars and Western imperialism in the Middle East include all the following
EXCEPT
A) the arbitrary establishment of borders with little regard to ethnic or linguistic lines.
B) whole populations were uprooted and forced to transfer to new areas.
C) the massacre of Armenians by the Ottomans.
D) organized attempts by the major powers to halt imperialism in the Middle East.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 917
14) The creator of modern Turkey was
A) Lawrence of Arabia.
B) Reza Khan.
C) Mustafa Kemal.
D) Jawaharlal Nehru.
E) Sharif Husayn.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 917
385
15) Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) initially gained power in Turkey as a result of his
A) collaboration with Greek occupation forces.
B) command of the Turkish national army in World War I.
C) cooperation with foreign powers at the peace conference.
D) appointment as prime minister by the Ottoman sultan.
E) demobilization of Turkish forces in Anatolia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 917
16) The most drastic reform introduced into Turkey after World War I was
A) western dress.
B) new coinage.
C) setting aside Islamic law for secular law.
D) a modern military.
E) the belief that a period of autocratic rule was necessary to raise Turkey to an educational
level necessary for self-government.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 917-918
17) The founder of a constitutional system in Iran was
A) Reza Khan.
B) the Qajar Dynasty.
C) Theodor Herzl.
D) Abd al-Aziz.
E) Ibn Saud.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 918
18) Iran under the Shah was able to
A) lessen interference of British and Russian militaries.
B) curb inequitable concessions to British oil companies.
C) reverse social inequality for women.
D) open a secular university at Tehran.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 918
19) Saudi Arabia
A) has as its law the Islamic law.
B) wrote and ratified a constitution after World War I.
C) remained a province of Britain after World War I.
D) rejected the Wahhabi movement.
E) has a written constitution.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 918
386
20) Oil became a significant factor in Arabia
A) because Russia needed the resource to modernize its military.
B) after World War II.
C) during World War I.
D) with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
E) while the Ottomans controlled it.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 918
21) Although Britain declared Egypt independent in 1922, Britain in reality still controlled Egyptʹs
A) economy.
B) defense.
C) foreign affairs.
D) Suez Canal.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 919
22) The major British interest in Egypt was
A) Jewish immigration.
B) oil.
C) the Suez Canal.
D) self-determination.
E) wheat.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 919
23) Huda Shaʹrawi of Egypt
A) formed the Wafd.
B) established a new dynasty.
C) founded the Muslim Brotherhood.
D) founded the Egyptian Feminist Movement.
E) revoked capitulations.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 919
24) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Muslim Brotherhood?
A) It condemned secular nationalism.
B) It advocated traditional Islamic law.
C) It was popular both in urban and rural areas.
D) It denounced modern technology.
E) It condemned colonialism.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 919
387
25) After World War I greater Syria was divided into
A) Israel and Syria.
B) Syria and Iraq.
C) Lebanon and Syria.
D) Jordan and Syria.
E) Transjordan and Lebanon.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 919
26) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the mandate system?
A) Britain and France assumed the mandates for the Middle East.
B) Mandates were established after World War I.
C) Each of the mandates was prepared for self-government by its sponsors.
D) Mandates were considered incapable of self-rule.
E) Social Darwinism influenced the origin of the mandate system.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 919
27) Iraq was created
A) from the three Ottoman provinces of Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra.
B) as a sovereign country before World War I.
C) as a German base during World War I.
D) as a homogeneous population.
E) by Britain and supported the British ruler, Faisal.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 919-920
28) The basic problem in Lebanon after World War I was
A) European imperialism.
B) immigration.
C) religious divisions.
D) Arab domination.
E) geography.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 919
29) The underlying cause behind unrest in Palestine after World War I was
A) the defeat of the Ottoman Empire.
B) conflicting interests of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
C) economic development.
D) British intervention.
E) competition among France, Britain, and Japan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 920
388
30) What is meant by kibbutzim?
A) It was a dialect of Hebrew spoken in Palestine.
B) It was a Muslim community.
C) They were communal farms.
D) It symbolized British sympathy for the Zionists.
E) The Palestinian Arabs demanded that the Jews leave.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 920
31) A major issue exacerbating the ʺPalestine questionʺ in the 1930s was
A) Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.
B) Arab immigration.
C) partition.
D) Jewish economic failure.
E) Arab farmland being destroyed.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 920
32) Why were the promises of Britainʹs White Paper impossible to deliver after World War II?
A) The atrocities of Nazi Germany changed the worldʹs perceptions.
B) They were rejected by the Arab population.
C) They were rejected by British population.
D) Britain was not serious.
E) The Balfour Declaration superceded the White Paper.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 921
33) Significant features of colonial rule in Africa include all the following EXCEPT
A) arbitrary creation of tribal units for administrative purposes.
B) indirect rule.
C) ʺdivide and rule.ʺ
D) continued armed resistance.
E) arbitrary boundaries.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 921
34) Colonial rule in Africa introduced all of the following EXCEPT
A) railroads.
B) industry.
C) improved medical care.
D) harbors.
E) education.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 921-922
389
35) The early African nationalist movements
A) were led by Europeans.
B) were recognized by the colonial governments as necessary to future independence.
C) were dominated by the majority agrarian populations.
D) borrowed concepts from European examples that emphasized the concept of a nation
state.
E) failed to mobilize literate Africans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 921
36) The National Congress of British West Africa
A) was attacked and destroyed in 1922 by police in Kenya.
B) advocated radical and violent change to the colonial system.
C) favored using constitutional methods to achieve gradual change.
D) spread throughout Africa.
E) had the first elected African to the Chamber of Deputies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 923
37) Blaise Diagne of Senegal
A) stopped the enlistment of Africans into the French army during World War I.
B) was executed by the French as a leader of the independence movement.
C) was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in Paris.
D) advocated the end to French rule and racial equality.
E) attacked Franceʹs role in World War I.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 923
38) All of the following are consistent with Pan-Africanism EXCEPT
A) W.E..B du Bois.
B) supporting European colonial governments.
C) Marcus Garvey.
D) its goal was to unify and strengthen black Africans.
E) the NAACP.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 923
39) The African diaspora referred to
A) the destruction of African culture by the colonial forces.
B) the deaths of Africans due to slavery.
C) the continuation of African slavery by the Arabs.
D) the scattering around the globe of those who claim African descent.
E) the exploitation of African resources.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 924
390
40) The Pan-African Congress of 1919 may be cited as an example of the
A) final phase of the continentʹs domination by the Europeans.
B) cooperation among the European powers in Africa to protect their holdings.
C) rising demand for protection of the rights of blacks in Africa.
D) determination of the victorious European powers in World War I to divide up the spoils
of war.
E) failed effort to form a United States of Africa.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 924
41) The event that galvanized black opinion throughout the world was
A) the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935.
B) the formation of Israel.
C) the Black Diaspora.
D) the death of Marcus Garvey.
E) the Fifth Pan-African Congress.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 924
42) Prior to World War II, the League of Nations
A) was generally successful in maintaining the peace.
B) stopped European aggression in Africa.
C) placed sanctions on Italy that prohibited military growth.
D) failed to stop Italian aggression in Ethiopia.
E) made no attempt to alleviate the suffering of Africans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 924
43) The Fifth Pan-African Congress of 1945
A) advocated non-violence as the path to independence in Africa.
B) met in Kenya.
C) advocated the use of any means necessary to achieve freedom.
D) was attended only by Africans.
E) sought allies against European imperialism.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 924
44) During World War II, African soldiers
A) were not added to the armies of the Allies.
B) refused to fight.
C) were used only as forced labor.
D) fought in the Allied campaigns against the Axis Powers.
E) fought only in Africa.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 925
391
45) World War II impacted the African colonies in all the following ways EXCEPT
A) it exploded the myth of European superiority.
B) it raised the expectations of the soldiers once they returned to Africa.
C) it left many African cities in ruins and agricultural regions destroyed.
D) the questioning of Britain and Franceʹs motives for involving the Africans in the war.
E) the Atlantic Charter.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 926
46) Which of the following countries had no African colonies and was instrumental in opposing
continued colonial policies and supporting the rights of Africans after World War II?
A) United States
B) Soviet Union
C) Germany
D) Britain
E) Holland
Answer: A
Page Ref: 926
47) The Land and Freedom Army or Mau Mau
A) failed to gain any international recognition.
B) was active throughout Africa, demanding the return of land to the natives.
C) was established by radicals in Kenya to attack white settlers and colonial officials.
D) advocated the purchase of African colonial lands from white landowners.
E) caused South Africa to reform its discriminatory policies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 927
48) African opposition to apartheid in South Africa was led by
A) the African National Congress.
B) Kuomintang.
C) Haile Selassie.
D) the Anti-Slavery Society.
E) John Dube.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 927
49) Methods used by the African National Congress resistance movement during the 1950s did
NOT include
A) boycotts.
B) mass protests.
C) terrorism.
D) civil disobedience.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 928-929
392
50) Apartheid
A) separated Algeria and Tunisia.
B) abolished secular law.
C) successfully joined the United States and the Soviet Union against France and Britain
when they attempted to seize the Suez Canal.
D) was a system of rigid racial separation.
E) was the French governmentʹs approach to maintaining control over its African colonies.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 928
393
Chapter 31 World War II
1) The greatest weakness of the League of Nations was that it
A) never had sufficient financing.
B) lacked authority over the great powers.
C) required unanimous votes to do anything.
D) seldom heard important controversies.
E) failed to address the issue of war refugees.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 934
2) A major nation NOT to join the League of Nations was
A) Germany.
B) France.
D) Britain.
E) China.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 934
3) All of the following were major successes for the League of Nations EXCEPT the
A) publication of books and periodicals dealing with national and international problems.
B) maintenance of a lasting peace.
C) repatriation of prisoners of war.
D) securing of badly needed loans for recovery from wartime destruction.
E) radio broadcasts of health information.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 934
4) The major result of the French occupation of the Ruhr region was
A) to strengthen the nations of the Little Entente.
B) an imperial confrontation with the British.
C) to encourage German desires for revenge.
D) to eliminate one of the causes of European wars.
E) Franceʹs domestic security.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 934
5) The Locarno Pact, 1925, guaranteed the existing frontiers along the Rhine using
A) an international peacekeeping force.
B) a treaty with Germany.
C) an international guarantee and U.S. money.
D) French and Belgian troops.
E) the League of Nations.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 934-935
394
6) In a reaction against the horror of World War I, sixty-two nations signed the Kellogg-Briand
Pact, which
A) gave the League of Nations the power to end war.
B) outlawed the use of war.
C) established French supremacy in Europe.
D) maintained Germany as an occupied country.
E) established an international peacekeeping force.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 935
7) The Kellogg-Briand Pact
A) succeeded in its intent.
B) was well meaning but accomplished nothing.
C) was not signed by the U.S.
D) prevented an outbreak of hostilities between Poland and Germany.
E) was sponsored by Germany and France.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 936
8) As a diplomatic power in Europe, France
A) lacked strength and vision.
B) feared British intervention.
C) succeeded with Italy but failed with Germany.
D) was successful.
E) worked to prevent the spread of communism.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 934
9) All of the following were reasons behind the Soviet Unionʹs isolation during the 1920s
EXCEPT its
A) support for the Comintern.
B) seizure of foreign property.
C) war with Japan.
D) signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
E) repudiation of national debts.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 936
10) The main tool of the Soviet Union in spreading Leninʹs Communist revolution in the 1920s
was
A) military aggression.
B) allegiance with Germany.
C) the Comintern.
D) the power of the example provided by communism in the Soviet Union.
E) terrorist attacks.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 936
395
11) The Rapallo Pact ensured cooperation between the Soviet Union and
A) the United States.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) Britain.
E) Japan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 936
12) The Japanese first broke the fragile peace after World War I by invading
A) Manchuria.
B) Indochina.
C) Australia.
D) the Philippines.
E) Korea.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 936
13) When China resorted to a boycott of Japanese goods due to Japanʹs seizure of Manchuria,
Japan retaliated by
A) seizing Hong Kong.
B) blockading Chinese ports.
C) bombing Chongqing.
D) invading Shanghai.
E) declaring war on China.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 937
14) Why did the Chinese Nationalists led by Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai -shek) do little to oppose the

Japanese forces in North China?
A) The British refused to allow them to organize a resistance.
B) They were more concerned with Chinese Communists.
C) The natural resources in southern China made that area more valuable to protect.
D) They lacked military forces.
E) The Nationalists and the Japanese were allies.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 937
15) Japanese soldiers committed brutal carnage against the citizens of ________ in the winter of
1937.
A) Formosa
B) Korea
C) Beijing
D) Nanjing (Nanking)
E) Shanghai
Answer: D
Page Ref: 938
396
16) The purpose of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere included all of the following
EXCEPT
A) to protect the countries of East Asia from abuses.
B) to create a forced market in East Asia for Japanʹs manufactured goods.
C) to procure raw materials for Japanʹs industrial plants.
D) to ensure Japanʹs domination of East Asia.
E) to make East Asia a submissive partner in Japanʹs aggression.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 938
17) In an attempt to establish the ʺNew Order,ʺ Japan seized and brutalized the population of
A) Shanghai.
B) Beijing.
C) Nanjing (Nanking).
Answer: D
Page Ref: 938
18) Japanese occupation of the Co-Prosperity Sphere in reality meant all of the following EXCEPT
A) slave labor of non-Japanese workers.
B) 100,000 Korean women forced to become sex slaves for Japanese troops.
C) liberation of Asian peoples from western imperialism.
D) brutal treatment of prisoners of war.
E) a mercantalist economy run by Japan.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 938
19) In response to Japanʹs aggressive foreign policy, the United States
A) did nothing.
B) sent military forces to protect the civilian population of China.
C) appealed to the League of Nations.
D) placed an embargo on iron, steel, and oil shipments to Japan.
E) negotiated new trade agreements for the promise of Japanese withdrawal from China.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 938
20) In 1936, Italy successfully conquered ________ and proved the ineffectiveness of the League of
Nations.
A) Sudan. B) Greece. C) Ethiopia. D) Albania. E) Libya.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 938
397
21) When Hitlerʹs troops marched into the Rhineland in violation of the Versailles Treaty,
A) Britain sent several regiments.
B) Hitler knew that his troops could not have resisted French and British resistance.
C) France mobilized its troops along the Maginot line.
D) the United States advised Britain and France to confront Germany.
E) Britain and France acted quickly to avert war.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 939
22) All of the following actions encouraged the formation of the Axis alliance EXCEPT the
A) Japanese invasion of China.
B) Locarno Pact.
C) Italian attack on Ethiopia.
D) German reoccupation of the Rhineland.
E) The 1936 Olympic Games held in Germany.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 939
23) Sympathy and support for the republican cause in Spain were diminished by 1938 due to
A) growing admiration for Franco.
B) the fear of fascism becoming much too powerful.
C) the amount of Soviet influence in the movement.
D) the opposition of the United States to the war..
E) apathy.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 939
24) In March 1939, the Spanish Republic collapsed and ________ became the dictator until his
death in 1975.
A) Francisco Franco
B) El Cid
C) Diego Rivera
D) San Martín
E) Santa Anna
Answer: A
Page Ref: 940
25) Neville Chamberlainʹs appeasement policy involved
A) creating a European front to oppose the Soviet Union.
B) giving in to German demands.
C) alliances with France and eastern European states.
D) efforts to split Italy away from Germany.
E) opposing German aggression to prevent war on a global scale.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 940
398
26) All of the following consequences stemmed from the policy of appeasement EXCEPT
A) encouragement of German expansionist plans.
B) a scramble for neutralism and general caution.
C) a strengthening of the collective security ideal.
D) decline of the French alliance system.
E) growth of the Axis powersʹ prestige.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 940
27) Germanyʹs Anschluss refers to the
A) conquest of Poland.
B) joining of Germany and Austria.
C) military re-occupation of the Rhineland.
D) German victory in the Spanish Civil War.
E) aggressive foreign policy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 940
28) Germanyʹs successful conquest of Czechoslovakia was made possible by
A) a pro-German revolution in Czechoslovakia.
B) Soviet intervention.
C) the British and French sacrifice of Czechoslovakia to Germany for the promise of peace.
D) the signing of the Pact of Steel.
E) the request of Czechoslovakia to be annexed to Germany.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 941
29) The end of Britainʹs appeasement policy and increased rearmament in Britain and France were
caused by
A) Italyʹs invasion of Albania.
B) Americaʹs decision to stay neutral.
C) Germanyʹs violation of the Munich agreement and invasion of Czechoslovakia.
D) the Anschluss.
E) a change of public opinion in France and Britain.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 941
30) On August 21, 1939, Hitler startled the world and freed himself for an attack on Poland by
concluding a nonaggression pact with
A) Sweden.
B) France.
C) Japan.
D) the Soviet Union.
E) Britain.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 942-943
399
31) In 1939, Poland was invaded by Germany and
A) Britain.
B) Finland.
C) Hungary.
D) the Soviet Union.
E) France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 944
32) The step that finally brought Europe to renewed warfare was a confrontation over
A) Munich.
B) the Soviet Union.
C) Czechoslovakia.
D) Poland.
E) the Rhineland.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 944
33) Stalin disregarded ideological differences with Hitler because
A) the Soviet Union received territorial gains.
B) Stalin needed time to increase Soviet military strength.
C) Stalin did not trust the Western democracies to come to the defense of Russia should
Germany attack.
D) Russian markets supplied Germanyʹs raw material needs.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 944
34) ʺBlitzkriegʺ in World War II meant
A) fixed, emplaced trench warfare.
B) aerial reconnaissance.
C) massive, mobile, mechanized movements.
D) code breaking.
E) joint naval and land attacks.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 944
35) Innovations in warfare during World War I did NOT include
A) poison gas.
B) V-1 rockets.
C) aircraft carriers.
D) paratroopers.
E) long-range bombers.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 944
400
36) The Sitzkrieg was a lull in action during World War II following the
A) evacuation of French and British forces from Dunkirk.
B) American entry into the war.
C) German invasion of the Soviet Union.
D) German conquest of Poland.
E) bombing of London.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 945
37) Reference to ʺblood, toil, tears, and sweatʺ as the means to victory was a statement made
famous by
A) Churchill.
B) Hitler.
C) Stalin.
D) Roosevelt.
E) Mussolini.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 945
38) British and French success at Dunkirk meant
A) Americaʹs entrance into the war.
B) the beginning of Allied victory over Germany.
C) the defeat of Poland.
D) the survival of an Allied army to fight another day against Germany.
E) the stability of France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 946
39) Pétainʹs Vichy France was
A) the German-occupied area of France that joined the Axis.
B) a puppet of the Nazis.
C) a major signatory of the Munich agreement.
D) formed to carry on the struggle against Germany after Dunkirk.
E) the resistance movement in France.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 946
40) The leader of the Free French Government in London was
A) Winston Churchill.
B) Benito Mussolini.
C) Marshall Pétain.
D) General Charles de Gaulle.
E) General Foch.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 946
401
41) The Battle of Britain refers to
A) Germanyʹs bombing assault on British cities.
B) the last battle in the German invasion of France.
C) the opening battle of World War II.
D) the German invasion of Britain.
E) the last two years of the war.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 946
42) All of the following countries had joined the Axis by December 1941 EXCEPT
A) Romania.
B) Bulgaria.
C) Greece.
D) Hungary.
E) the U.S.S.R.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 946
43) Greece fell to Mussolini only after
A) German intervention.
B) de Gaulleʹs return to France.
C) the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
D) the fall of Britain.
E) Greek surrender.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 946
44) A neutral state(s) that profiteered and prolonged the war with its (their) activities included
A) Switzerland.
B) Spain.
C) Sweden.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 947
45) Operation Barbarossa was
A) the discovery of the German code mechanism.
B) the invasion of North Africa.
C) the development of atomic weapons.
D) the invasion of the Soviet Union.
E) meant to end the war with Britain and France.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 947
402
46) All of the following were reasons that the Soviet Union was able to withstand the German
invasion in 1941 EXCEPT
A) an influx of lend-lease supplies from the United States and Britain.
B) the Soviet winter came earlier than usual.
C) the battle for France continued to sap German strength.
D) the bravery and tenacity of the Soviet population.
E) the Soviets located their industry east of the Urals.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 948
47) By means of the ________, the United States could supply arms to any country whose defense
was thought to be vital to the U.S. national interest.
A) Cash and Carry system
B) Lend-Lease Act
C) Atlantic Charter
D) Neutrality Act
E) Congressional Proclamation
Answer: B
Page Ref: 948
48) The event that finally brought the United States into World War II was the
A) collapse of France.
B) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
C) German invasion of the Soviet Union.
D) signing of the Atlantic Charter.
E) German bombing of London and Paris.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 948
49) The turning point in the war in the Pacific occurred at the
A) Battle of Midway.
B) Battle of the Philippine Sea.
C) Battle of Guadalcanal.
D) Battle of Iwo Jima.
E) Battle of Saipan.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 949
50) The capture of North Africa was made possible by the defeat of the Axis Powers at
A) El Alamein.
B) Tunis.
C) Morocco.
D) Cairo.
E) Alexandria.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 949
403
51) The decisive European campaign of World War II took place in
A) Italy.
B) North Africa.
C) the Soviet Union.
D) the Pacific.
E) Western Europe.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 950
52) Hitler destroyed his opportunity to encourage the disintegration of the Soviet Union by
A) conducting a war of genocide.
B) treating the peoples they encountered as Untermenschen.
C) conscripting Slavs for slave labor.
D) failing to enlist the support of anti-Soviet movements in the Ukraine.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 950
53) The Battle of ________ was the most important battle on the Russian front.
A) Moscow
B) Crimea
C) Leningrad
D) Stalingrad
E) Kiev
Answer: D
Page Ref: 950
54) Stalinʹs use of war for political purposes can be seen in
A) the Soviet capture of Berlin.
B) the Soviet delay in capturing Warsaw.
C) the Soviet victory at Stalingrad.
D) Stalinʹs demand for unconditional surrender.
E) his refusal to ally with Britain, France, and the United States.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 950
55) D-Day
A) was the Allied invasion of Western Europe.
B) was the invasion of Britain.
C) was the end of the war in Europe.
D) was the German invasion of Norway.
E) was the Alliesʹ invasion of Italy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 951
404
56) All of the following were agreements made at the Yalta Conference EXCEPT
A) Allied armies would withdraw all of their forces from Germany after the war.
B) the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan.
C) the Soviet Union would have preponderant influence in the eastern European area.
D) Germany would be divided into four occupation zones.
E) the functioning of the United Nations as peace keepers.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 951
57) Names like Auschwitz and Buchenwald should be associated with
A) battles on the German eastern front.
B) commanders of the German armed forces.
C) heavily bombed communities.
D) notorious extermination camps.
E) anti-Nazi political movements.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 952
58) It is estimated that the number of victims of Nazi extermination efforts was
A) 4 million.
B) 12 million.
C) 7 million.
D) 2 million.
E) less than 1 million.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 952
59) All of the following were the Untermenschen targeted in the ʺfinal solutionʺ EXCEPT

A) Jews.
B) Italians.
C) Slavs.
D) gypsies.
E) homosexuals.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 952-953
60) The war in the Pacific is best described as
A) a combined American, British, and Soviet victory.
B) brutal, hand-to-hand combat.
C) irrelevant.
D) aerial warfare.
E) blitzkrieg.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 953-954
405
61) Which of the following prisoners of war received cruel treatment from the Japanese?
A) American
B) Chinese
C) Korean
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 954
62) The first atomic bomb used in war was dropped on
A) Iwo Jima.
B) Hiroshima.
C) Tokyo.
D) Leyte Gulf.
E) Okinawa.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 955
63) From the Nazi invasion of Poland until the final Japanese surrender, World War II lasted
approximately
A) ten years.
B) six years.
C) four years.
D) five years.
E) fifteen years
Answer: B
Page Ref: 955
64) Which of the following was NOT a problem facing Europe after World War II?
A) refugees
B) Nazi collaborators
C) starvation
D) influenza
E) physical destruction
Answer: D
Page Ref: 955
65) After World War II, Japan was occupied and rebuilt by
B) the Soviet Union.
C) Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.
D) a joint Soviet and American force.
E) a joint Chinese and American force.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 955
406
66) Trials of Nazi war criminals for crimes against humanity took place in
A) Washington, D.C.
B) Munich.
C) Paris.
D) Vienna.
E) Nuremberg.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 955
67) All of the following were results of World War II EXCEPT
A) Poland was occupied by the U.S.S.R.
B) the U.S. was a superpower.
C) France was no longer a major power.
D) Soviets agreed to allow free access to Berlin.
E) Japan became increasingly anti-West.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 955
407
Chapter 32 Europe and the United States Since 1945
1) Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the International Monetary Fund?
A) to allow businesses to operate with confidence in the market
B) to supply short-term loans to member states.
C) to restore the money system after the gold standard was abandoned
D) to establish protectionist tariffs and quotas
E) to eliminate trade quotas
Answer: D
Page Ref: 960-961
2) Autarky means the
A) economic independence and self-sufficiency of a nation.
B) economic dependence of states within a central economic union.
C) absolute rule of a dictator.
D) democratic control of government.
E) dependence on imports.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 961
3) The Bretton Woods Conference in 1945 established
A) the World Bank.
B) the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
C) COMECON.
D) NATO.
E) NAFTA.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 961
4) The Soviet Bloc system
A) supported the growing industrial economies in eastern Europe with Soviet aid.
B) allowed each of the members of the Soviet Bloc to form its own economy.
C) was a success in providing the necessary components of the Soviet economy.
D) forced each nation within the Soviet Bloc to specialize in one item.
E) forced the Soviets to assist the growing economies of the Eastern Bloc nations.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 961
5) Since World War II, the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union has
usually been referred to as
A) détente.
B) the Cold War.
C) coexistence.
D) bipolarity.
E) containment.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 962
408
6) The Western allies distrusted the Soviet Union for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A) the Soviet seizure of Italy and Greece.
B) the imposition of pro-communist governments in Eastern Europe.
C) the lack of Soviet public recognition of the assistance received from the United States and
Britain.
D) the existence of Soviet spies in the United States and the United Kingdom.
E) Soviet failure to return its armies to peacetime status.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 962
7) The Cold War Era witnessed all of the following EXCEPT
A) recurring European hostilities.
B) low living standards in the Eastern Bloc.
C) a series of proxy wars.
D) a productive Western economy.
E) Soviet expansive policies.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 962
8) Which of the following countries was NOT controlled by the Soviet Union?
A) Romania B) Hungary C) Austria D) Poland E) Bulgaria
Answer: C
Page Ref: 962
9) The wartime cooperation between Russia and the West collapsed immediately after World
War II due to
A) American interference in Soviet policies.
B) the Civil War in China.
C) Stalinʹs attempt to establish Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe.
D) the formation of Israel.
E) renewed hostilities between Germany and Russia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 962-963
10) Which of the following countries did NOT participate in the occupation of Germany after
World War II?
A) Britain
B) Canada
C) France
D) the United States
E) U.S.S.R.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 962
409
11) The Truman Doctrine
A) helped to free the Philippines from communist rebels.
B) announced that the United States would support any country threatened by communist
aggression.
C) established assistance to Hungarian rebels.
D) formed an alliance system against Soviet aggression.
E) pledged monetary assistance to rebuild Europe.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 962
12) The author of the American policy of ʺcontainmentʺ of the Soviet Union was
A) Harry Truman.
B) Dwight Eisenhower.
C) George Kennan.
D) Franklin Roosevelt.
E) Henry Wallace.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 962
13) The Soviets challenged democracy and capitalism in all of the following countries EXCEPT
A) Greece.
B) Iran.
C) Turkey.
D) Israel.
E) Hungary.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 963
14) A significant impact of the Marshall Plan included
A) stabilizing the economic systems of Western Europe.
B) preventing the Communists from taking advantage of postwar problems.
C) rebuilding the industrial plants of Western Europe.
D) requiring participants to balance their budgets.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 963
15) In July 1948, the ________ blocked all land and water transport into Berlin in order to cause
free West Berlin to collapse.
A) Nazi insurgents
B) French
C) Soviets
D) British
E) Americans
Answer: C
Page Ref: 963
410
16) Members of NATO included all of the following EXCEPT
A) Serbia.
B) Canada.
D) Turkey.
E) France.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 963
17) The East Asian country divided after World War II at the 38th parallel was
A) China. B) Japan. C) Vietnam. D) Korea. E) Taiwan.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 964
18) The state that the United Nations labeled an aggressor and sent forces to fight in 1950 was
A) North Korea.
B) Japan.
C) South Korea.
D) China.
E) U.S.S.R.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 964
19) When North Korea refused to remove its troops from South Korea,
A) the United States attacked.
B) the United Nations did nothing in the face of a Soviet veto.
C) South Korea surrendered.
D) the United Nations sent troops to help South Korea.
E) the U.S.S.R. sent troops to support its neighbor North Korea.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 964
20) The Korean War ended in 1953 when
A) the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons against China.
B) Stalin surrendered.
C) the Chinese gave North Korea assistance.
D) the Soviets gave North Korea assistance.
E) North Korea surrendered.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 964
21) After World War II, Stalin
A) gave up his dedication to Leninism and joined the West.
B) restored the Orthodox Church to its former position of influence.
C) re-imposed harsh rule on the USSR.
D) allowed former enemies to join his government as part of a common crusade.
E) annexed the Balkans.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 964
411
22) Stalinʹs fourth five-year plan launched after Word War II included all BUT which one of the
following goals?
A) mass deportations of citizens to labor camps
B) shifting factories east of the Urals
C) collectivization policies
D) increased consumer goods as a reward to his gallant citizens for having endured World
War II
E) government involvement in all facets of individualsʹ lives
Answer: D
Page Ref: 964-965
23) The Soviet concept of ʺpeaceful coexistenceʺ was a(n)
A) Marxist doctrine.
B) Trotskyite doctrine.
C) Stalinist doctrine.
D) Leninist doctrine.
E) original idea of Khrushchev.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 964
24) After Stalinʹs death in 1953, power in the Soviet Union was assumed by
A) Chernenko.
B) Khrushchev.
C) Andropov.
D) Gorbachev.
E) apparatchiks.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 964
25) Symptoms of ʺpeaceful coexistenceʺ included all of the following EXCEPT
A) the Geneva Conference of 1955.
B) cooperation involving communist guerrilla movements in Latin America.
C) cooperation over the Suez Crisis in 1956.
D) Khrushchevʹs visit to the United States in 1959.
E) American non-interference in the 1956 Hungarian revolt.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 964
26) Khrushchevʹs ʺCrimes of the Stalin Eraʺ speech blamed all of the former dictatorʹs misdeeds on
the
A) ʺcult of the personality.ʺ
B) horrors of Soviet labor camps.
C) corruption of Western capitalism.
D) heroism of the Soviet soldiers on the eastern front.
E) apparatchiks Stalin had placed in power.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 964-965
412
27) A significant cause for the souring relations between China and the Soviet Union was
A) Mao Zedongʹs belief that China was the intellectual equal of the Soviet Union concerning
communist dogma.
B) the removal of all Soviet assistance from China.
C) Chinaʹs competition for power within the developing world.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 966
28) In 1957, what Soviet event triggered a massive reaction in the United States?
A) the Warsaw Pact
B) Sputnik
C) invasion of Afghanistan
D) death of Khrushchev
E) intercontinental ballistic missiles
Answer: B
Page Ref: 966
29) Nikita Khrushchevʹs policies in the early 1960s
A) reduced international tensions elsewhere.
B) supported the United Nations.
C) produced a dangerous confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States.
D) ended the severe tension over Berlin.
E) gained support in the United States.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 966
30) The realization that the Cold War was becoming more dangerous occurred with the following
events EXCEPT
A) Soviet support of a civil war in Congo.
B) disputes between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. over fishing rights off the Aleutian Islands.
C) the Bay of Pigs.
D) the erection of the Berlin Wall.
E) Soviet aggression in Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 966
31) The world came closest to a full-fledged nuclear exchange as it ever has in October 1962
during the
A) Arab-Israeli War.
B) Berlin Blockade.
C) Indian-Chinese War.
D) Cuban Missile Crisis.
E) Bay of Pigs.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 966
413
32) Khrushchev was removed from office due partially to
A) poor health.
B) a military coup.
C) his failed Cuban policies.
D) his failed attempt to launch a Soviet satellite state in Afghanistan.
E) protest from Eastern Bloc nations.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 966
33) SALT I, the first treaty to limit the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles, was signed by
A) Brezhnev and Nixon.
B) Carter and Andropov.
C) Khrushchev and Kennedy.
D) Johnson and Brezhnev.
E) Ford and Andropov.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 967
34) After noting the unwillingness of East European leaders to reform, Mikhail Gorbachev paved
the way for the revolutionary movements in 1989 by
A) renouncing the Brezhnev doctrine.
B) recognizing the existence of Israel.
C) granting independence to the Baltic republics.
D) sending in the Soviet army.
E) signing a disarmament agreement with NATO.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 968
35) In 1987, President Reagan of the United States and President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet
Union
A) signed the INF Agreement.
B) agreed to the destruction of all intermediate missiles within three years.
C) agreed to on-site inspections to verify arms reductions.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 968-969
36) All of the following are consistent with Khrushchev EXCEPT
A) de-Stalinization.
B) success in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
C) increase of consumer goods.
D) failed agricultural reform.
E) he succeeded Stalin.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 969
414
37) Glasnost and perestroika were
A) Russian economic alliances.
B) reform measures introduced in the Soviet Union.
C) Soviet political parties.
D) Russian programs of anti-Semitism.
E) cultural incentives meant to improve living conditions in Soviet cities.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 970
38) Mikhail Gorbachev
A) led a democratic rebellion in the Soviet Union.
B) became the first elected president of the Soviet Union.
C) failed to reform the Soviet Union.
D) remained an avowed communist.
E) supported the separatist movement in Eastern Europe.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 970
39) During Brezhnev and Kosyginʹs tenure ruling the U.S.S.R.,
A) military power was weakened.
B) the civilian economy improved.
C) the secret police was abandoned.
D) central planners continued to emphasize industrial growth.
E) Soviet politics no longer remained based on Stalinʹs foundations.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 970
40) Vladimir Putin did NOT
A) maintain democratic practices.
B) break the Russian ʺmafia.ʺ
C) centralize power.
D) use force to put down opponents along the southern frontier of Russia.
E) incorporate former members of the KGB into his administration.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 972
41) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the presidency of Boris Yeltsin?
A) a new constitution
B) extermination of the Russian ʺmafiaʺ
C) ill health
D) resistance from the career communists who faced job loss
E) privatization and the construction of a new infrastructure
Answer: B
Page Ref: 971
415
42) All of the following are consistent with the Russian Federation during Putinʹs tenure EXCEPT
A) use of murder to silence opposition.
B) government control of the media.
C) a seriously decreasing population.
D) economic growth.
E) lack of support from the Russian people.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 973
43) The Communist European nation led by Marshal Tito that remained outside the sphere of total
Soviet domination following World War II was
A) Poland.
B) Bulgaria.
C) Yugoslavia.
D) Hungary.
E) Romania.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 974
44) Moscow established ________ to organize the economic life in its sphere of influence.
A) PROLETFUND
B) the Socialist Bank
C) LENINFUND
D) COMECON
E) the Warsaw Pact
Answer: D
Page Ref: 974
45) As the 20th century drew to an end, a peacekeeping force led by Americans had to be brought
in to stop genocide in the
A) the Balkans.
B) Russia.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) Africa.
E) the Middle East.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 975
46) The president of Yugoslavia elected in 1997 was
A) Josip Broz.
B) Slobodan Milosevic.
C) Vadim Tudor.
D) Ion Iliescu.
E) Wladyslaw Gomulka.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 975
416
47) What finally destroyed the unity of Yugoslavia?
A) an 80 percent inflation rate
B) the death of Marshall Tito
C) a 30 percent decrease in the standard of living
D) ethnic strife among Serbs, Croats, and Albanians in Kosovo
E) an invasion by the Soviet Union
Answer: D
Page Ref: 975
48) In 1989, the East German Communist party
A) built the Berlin Wall.
B) joined NATO.
C) attacked West Germany.
D) celebrated equaling the living standard of West Germany.
E) collapsed.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 976
49) The Polish Communist leader who managed to achieve a degree of freedom for Poland during
the 1950s and 1960s was
A) Josef Czyrek.
B) Imre Nagy.
C) Leonid Brezhnev.
D) Wladyslaw Gomulka.
E) Anre Mysilavek.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 976
50) All the following are consistent for Poland in the early 21st century EXCEPT
A) success in both privatization and market reforms.
B) thriving stock market.
C) admission into the European Union.
D) low unemployment.
E) admission into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 977
51) All of the following strengthened the independence movement in Poland EXCEPT
A) the Catholic Church.
B) Solidarity.
C) the Nobel Peace Prize for Lech Walesa.
D) financial support from the West.
E) Soviet encouragement.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 977
417
52) A former dissident who has remained the stabilizing force in the Czech Republic is
A) Lech Walesa.
B) Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
C) Alexander Dubcek.
D) Vaclav Havel.
E) Vladimer Meciar.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 977
53) In 1993, Czechoslovakia
A) collapsed.
B) saw its economic gains bankrupted.
C) returned to communism.
D) split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
E) continued economic growth.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 977
54) Following independence from the Soviet Union in 1989, which of the following is (are)
consistent for Hungary?
A) a higher crime rate
B) membership in NATO
C) anti-Semitism
D) membership in the European Union
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 978
55) Before 1989, which of the following Soviet-bloc nations of eastern Europe had NEVER
rebelled against Russian domination?
A) Poland
B) Czechoslovakia
C) Hungary
D) Bulgaria
E) Romania
Answer: D
Page Ref: 978
56) The Ceausescu regime in Romania demonstrated all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
A) one of the lowest standards of living in the modern world.
B) lack of violent revolution.
C) a cult of personality protected by secret police.
D) governmental corruption.
E) secret police.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 979
418
57) In 1992, the European Union made Europe a single market using methods similar to
A) the 1707 Act of Union.
B) the German Zollverein.
C) the U.S. Constitution.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 980
58) A major problem of the Economic Union is
A) the refusal of the former Soviet-bloc nations to join.
B) Gastarbeiter conflicts.
C) the opposition of NATO.
D) the stability of the Euro.
E) states choosing to leave the Union.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 980
59) Which of the following was NOT a founding member of the European Economic Community?
A) France
B) Italy
C) West Germany
D) Britain
E) Belgium
Answer: D
Page Ref: 980
60) All of the following are consistent for Britain since 1945 EXCEPT
A) it has moved away from total socialism.
B) the elimination of the British Empire.
C) an infrastructure badly in need of overhaul.
D) a permanent solution to the Irish problem.
E) increased Islamic terrorist attacks.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 981-982
61) Which of the following is consistent with the career of Margaret Thatcher?
A) Britainʹs first woman prime minister
B) a Nobel prize winner
C) responsible for the Northern Ireland Agreement
D) a famous British actress
E) established the European Union
Answer: A
Page Ref: 982
419
62) The French Fourth Republic
A) granted independence to Algeria.
B) has been described as a ʺregime of mediocrity and chloroformʺ.
C) was founded by Charles de Gaulle in 1958.
D) successfully put down a rebellion in Indochina.
E) experienced economic growth.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 982
63) Which of the following French presidents would be considered the least conservative?
A) Georges Pompidou
B) DeGaulle
C) Giscard dʹEstaing
D) Francois Mitterrand
E) Nicolas Sarkozy
Answer: D
Page Ref: 982-983
64) Problems that plagued France in the 20 th century include

A) corruption.
B) tensions between French and Arab citizens.
C) anti-Semitism.
D) economic malaise.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 983
65) Germanyʹs chancellor who led his country from despised outcast to valued ally was
A) Adenauer.
B) Erhard.
C) Kohl.
D) Kiesinger.
E) Schmidt.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 983
66) Chancellor Helmut Kohlʹs greatest achievement, besides staying in office longer than most
observers expected, was to attain
A) German unification.
B) unbroken economic progress.
C) absolute unemployment.
D) a change in German attitudes toward foreign workers.
E) environmental legislation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 984
420
67) Gerhard Schroeder of Germany
A) reduced unemployment.
B) supported the United States.
C) successfully reformed the social security system in Germany.
D) sent German troops to Iraq.
E) was replaced by conservative Angela Merkel.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 985
68) Italyʹs economy in the postwar era emphasized
A) industry.
B) trade.
C) banking.
D) agriculture.
E) tourism.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 985
69) Which of the following is (are) consistent with Italian politics since the end of World War II?
A) instability
B) terrorism
C) corruption
D) failing economic systems
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 985
70) Portugal in the 21st century
A) has maintained cultural and financial ties with Brazil.
B) suffers with an unstable economy.
C) has a low literacy rate.
D) experiences high inflation.
E) has a monarchy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 985- 988
71) Which of the following Mediterranean countries made the strongest economic gains in the
1980s?
A) Cyprus B) Greece C) Portugal D) Spain E) Italy
Answer: D
Page Ref: 988
421
72) Which of the following has NOT been a major challenge to Spain since the end of the Franco
dictatorship?
A) resurgent communism
B) the Iraqi war
C) the Basque separatist movement
D) terrorism
E) its form of government
Answer: A
Page Ref: 988
73) Greece
A) is not a participant in NATO.
B) possesses a stable government.
C) has diplomatically resolved all its issues with Turkey.
D) hosted the 2004 Olympics.
E) enjoys a stable government and prosperous economy.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 989
74) Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower shared
A) the continuation of the Great Society programs.
B) the continuation of the New Deal programs.
C) the same political party.
D) the continuation of the Fair Deal programs.
E) military experience in World War II.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 989
75) All of the following are consistent with the presidency of Republican Dwight Eisenhower
EXCEPT
A) appointment of Earl Warren to the Supreme Court
B) triggered an amendment to the Constitution that allowed only two terms for each
president.
C) was elected with overwhelming majority of voters
D) racial integration in public schools
E) failed to win re-election
Answer: B
Page Ref: 990
76) In which of the following did Democrat John .F Kennedy succeed as president?
A) Civil Rights Act
B) aid programs for the poor and minorities
C) Peace Corps
D) all of the above
Answer: C
Page Ref: 990
422
77) President Lyndon B. Johnson of the United States
A) was re-elected in 1968.
B) expanded the war in Vietnam.
C) opposed civil rights legislation.
D) ended the war in Vietnam.
E) had no political experience prior to the vice presidency.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 990
78) The Vietnam War
A) contributed to an economic boom.
B) poisoned the U.S. political atmosphere.
C) left a legacy of patriotism.
D) strengthened the Democratic Party.
E) unified the United States.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 990
79) Despite substantial accomplishments in foreign policy and domestic reforms, President
Richard Nixon is most remembered for
A) Abscam.
B) the cloth coat scandal.
C) the Pumpkin Papers.
D) Watergate.
E) the 25th Amendment to the Constitution.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 990
80) The most obvious contribution of President Jimmy Carter to U.S. governmental policies was
that of
A) anti-communism.
B) consideration of human rights in American foreign policy.
C) a balanced budget.
D) a Christian Crusade.
E) fighting against terrorism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 990
81) ________ was appointed vice president by Richard Nixon and eventually succeeded him in
office.
A) Nelson Rockefeller
B) Ronald Reagan
C) George Romney
D) Gerald Ford
E) Spiro Agnew
Answer: D
Page Ref: 990
423
82) The Reagan administration did NOT facilitate
A) the end of the Cold War.
B) lower inflation rates.
C) reduced tax rates.
D) U.S. air attacks on Libya.
E) additional risk of nuclear war.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 992
83) President Ronald Reagan
A) confronted the Soviet Union, speeding its eventual collapse.
B) died during his second term.
C) refused to assist Latin American rebels.
D) produced a balanced budget.
E) sent more peacekeeping forces to Lebanon after 241 Marines died in a bomb blast.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 992
84) George H. W. Bushʹs major triumph as president came in his coordination of the
A) federal budget.
B) intelligence agencies.
C) Gulf War.
D) savings and loan industry.
E) attack on Kuwait.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 971
85) Which of the following has NOT been a perception of Bill Clintonʹs presidency?
A) personal scandals
B) incompetence in hiring high officials
C) lying
D) inconsistency
E) a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian crisis
Answer: E
Page Ref: 993
86) The only U.S. president to be impeached by Congress in the 20th century was
A) Woodrow Wilson.
B) Bill Clinton.
C) Gerald Ford.
D) Ronald Reagan.
E) Richard Nixon.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 993
424
87) A trade zone established to link Canada, Mexico, and the United States was
A) APEC.
B) the Western Free Trade Association.
C) GATT.
D) NAFTA.
E) OPEC.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 993
88) September 11, 2001,
A) was the date of the terrorist attack on the Pentagon in Washington D.C.
B) witnessed the destruction of the World Trade Center in New York.
C) resulted in the American destruction of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
D) witnessed the murders of more than 3,000 Americans by Islamic terrorists.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 993
89) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the administration of President George W.
Bush?
A) His administration lacked a commitment to democratic elections in Iraq
B) He was defeated in popular vote by John Kerry but won a majority in the Electoral
College.
C) His administration failed to overthrow the Iraqi dictator.
D) He vetoed of the Patriot Act.
E) His administration suffered more terrorist attacks on American soil.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 994-995
425
Chapter 33 The Middle East and Africa Since 1945
1) All of the following complicated the Middle East situation EXCEPT the
A) creation of the state of Israel.
B) presence of the British and French military.
C) continuance of the Mandate System after World War II.
D) immigration of European Jews.
E) Cold War.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1000
2) Which of the following is consistent with the career of Gamal Abdel Nasser?
A) He became the president of a united Syrian-Egyptian state.
B) He sold the Suez Canal to Britain.
C) He led the Palestinians against Israel.
D) He led a revolution that established Egypt as a republic.
E) He successfully merged Syria and Egypt.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1000
3) All of the following are consistent with Nasserʹs rule of Egypt EXCEPT
A) Egyptian control of the Suez Canal.
B) the Arab-Israeli conflict that involved Egypt and Israel for decades.
C) he became a hero to the Arab world.
D) attempting to find a middle ground between the United States and the U.S.S.R.
E) a successful program to modernize Egypt.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1000
4) Until 1947 Palestine had been a mandate of
A) Britain.
B) United States.
C) Germany.
D) France.
E) Italy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1000
5) A plan to partition Palestine offered by the United Nations was rejected by the A United
States.
A) Soviet Union. B) Jews living there.
C) Palestinian Arabs. D) city of Jerusalem.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1000
426
6) Israeli gains in the Middle East during the Suez crisis of 1956 were opposed by
A) Russia and the United States.
B) Britain and France.
C) Russia and France.
D) Britain and the United States.
E) the Israeli public.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1001
7) The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, or the Six-Day War, resulted in all the following EXCEPT
A) it created new waves of refugees known as Palestinians.
B) Israel seized the Suez Canal.
C) Israel occupied the West Bank of the Jordan.
D) Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula.
E) Israel defeated the invading forces of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in 72 hours.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1002
8) Which of the following applies to the Palestine Liberation Organization?
A) It rejected the idea of an Israeli state.
B) It mobilized to fight Israel.
C) It was founded in 1964 to establish an independent Palestine.
D) Yasser Arafat assumed leadership.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1002
9) United Nations Resolution 242
A) ordered Israel to return occupied territories from the 1967 war.
B) recognized an independent Palestine.
C) supported Arab demands for Muslim and Jewish states.
D) refused to recognize the right of Israel to exist.
E) resulted in the return of occupied territories by Israel.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1002-1003
10) The Yom Kippur War of 1973
A) established a United Nations buffer zone between Egypt and Israel.
B) resulted in the Egyptian loss of the Suez Canal.
C) involved overt hostilities between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
D) resulted in the Israeli capture of Damascus.
E) left Egypt with a destroyed morale.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1004
427
11) One of the most important results of the 1973 war between Israel and the Arab nations was the
A) superpowersʹ first serious involvement in Middle Eastern affairs.
B) Arab recognition of Israelʹs right to exist as a sovereign nation.
C) creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
D) effect the Arabs produced by proclaiming an oil embargo.
E) United Nations ability to solve international aggression.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1004
12) The establishment of the oil cartel, OPEC, has led to
A) fitful cooperation in establishing an agreed-upon price of oil.
B) general economic harmony and agreement between member nations.
C) the withdrawal of Third World nations from taking part in world affairs.
D) the end of warfare between member nations.
E) a stabilized price for oil.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1004
13) All of the following are consistent with the 1978 Camp David Accords EXCEPT
A) the United States assisted both Israel and Egypt.
B) both sides resolved not to resort to force.
C) territory within the Sinai was returned to Egypt.
D) Israel added no additional territory.
E) it resolved the issue permanently.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1005
14) The three heads of state who produced a framework for a permanent peace treaty between
Egypt and Israel in 1978 were
A) Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Henry Kissinger.
B) Yasser Arafat, Henry Kissinger, and Anwar Sadat.
C) Jimmy Carter, Menachem Begin, and Anwar Sadat.
D) Jimmy Carter, Golda Meir, and Abdul Nasser.
E) Bill Clinton, Menachem Begin, and Yasser Arafat.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1005
15) As a result of the Camp David Accords,
A) Egypt was expelled from the Arab League.
B) the Palestinians received permanent settlements.
C) Syria attacked Israel.
D) the United States assisted Israel with troops.
E) the border between Egypt and Israel was fortified.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1005
428
16) Turkey continues to struggle with each of the following EXCEPT
A) its legacy as a British mandate.
B) the Refah party.
C) continuing the secular government.
D) allegiance to the U.S. and Europe.
E) establishing a modern military with the help of the United States.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1005
17) After World War II, the sovereignty of Turkey and Iran was threatened by
B) Britain.
C) the Soviet Union.
D) China.
E) Saudi Arabia.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1005
18) All of the following are consistent with Turkey in the early 21st century EXCEPT
A) the Refah Party has been outlawed.
B) relations with Greece have improved.
C) Islamic fundamentalists want to establish Sharia law rather than Turkeyʹs secular law.
D) the Parliament voted to assist the United States in the ouster of Saddam Husein of Iraq.
E) Turkey is attempting to enter the European Union.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1006
19) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the rule of Shah Pahlavi of Iran?
A) He attempted rapid modernization but alienated many traditional Iranians.
B) He attempted to stop opposition with the use of extreme force.
C) He became an American ally during the Cold War when threatened by the presence of
Soviet troops at Iranʹs border.
D) He was assassinated by Iranian extremists.
E) The Shah fled Iran for the United States, moved to Panama, and later died in Egypt.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1006
20) Which of the following is consistent with the Iranian-American relationship during the Shahʹs
rule?
A) The United States assisted a coup that overthrew the Prime Minister in 1954.
B) The United States removed the Shah from power.
C) The United States was not involved in Iranian politics.
D) The United States was supported by the Shiʹite clergy.
E) The United States and the Soviet Union fought a proxy war in Iran.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1006
429
21) The coalition that overthrew the Shah of Iran exhibited all of the following EXCEPT
A) the Shiʹite clergy gained dominance.
B) it was started when students rioted in the streets.
C) a firmly organized opposition.
D) it consisted of people from all levels of population.
E) the new government introduced Sharia law, forced women out of the public arena, and
banned Western media.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1007
22) Ayatollah Khomeini
A) referred to the United States as the Great Satan.
B) had been exiled to Paris.
C) banned provocative clothing.
D) encouraged anti-American sentiment to consolidate his power.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1007
23) Ayatollah Khomeini
A) secularized Iranʹs education system.
B) moved Iran toward an alliance with the United States.
C) introduced constitutional government to Iran.
D) supported the seizure and imprisonment of American hostages at the U.S. Embassy for
more than a year.
E) increased the role of women in the government.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1007
24) During the Iran-Iraq war, all of the following were accurate EXCEPT
A) the United States and the Soviet Union were directly involved.
B) Saddam Hussein was the leader of Iraq.
C) Iran employed young boys in attacks against the Iraqi army.
D) the Iranian economy was devastated.
E) Iraq, in violation of international law, used chemical weapons.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1008
25) The election of Mohammad Khatami as Iranʹs president in 1997 indicated
A) an increased role in government and society for women.
B) the opening of relations with the West.
C) fewer restrictions on the media.
D) less restrictive interpretation of Islamic law.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1008
430
26) In 2004, the Council of Guardians in Iran
A) supported student demonstrators who demanded more civil freedoms.
B) began massive social reforms.
C) opposed all reforms.
D) allowed reformers seats in the Parliament.
E) allowed more participation by women in public life.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1008
27) In 2005, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was elected president of Iran and
A) immediately opened negotiations with the United States.
B) invaded Iraq.
C) began a period of liberal reforms that is continuing.
D) announced the recognition of Israel.
E) developed nuclear weapons and a very aggressive foreign policy against Israel.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1008
28) Anwar Sadat of Egypt was assassinated by
A) the CIA.
B) Islamic militants.
C) Israeli gunmen.
D) Libyan terrorists.
E) the Soviet secret police.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1008
29) The Muslim Brotherhood
A) supported the earlier policies of Sadat.
B) advocated acceptance of Israel.
C) demanded political recognition in the Iranian parliament.
D) opposed Egyptʹs secular government.
E) staged a coup in Egypt.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1008
30) The two separate Palestinian uprisings against Israel in the Occupied West Bank and Gaza
Strip of 19871993 and 2000present are known as
A) intifadas.
B) neocolonialism.
C) jihad.
D) PLO.
E) mullahs.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1009
431
31) Soon after the Iran-Iraq War ended, ________ invaded Kuwait.
A) Kurds
B) Iraq
C) Yassir Arafat
D) Saudi Arabia
E) Iran
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1009
32) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Gulf War of 1991?
A) Iraqʹs soldiers were evicted from Kuwait.
B) The United States organized a United Nations sanctioned coalition against Iraq.
C) No Arab countries participated in the war against Iran.
D) Saddam Hussein remained in power.
E) Economic sanctions failed to remove Iraq from Kuwait.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1009
33) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the policies of Saddam Hussein?
A) He adhered to the United Nations mandates.
B) He sparked an ecological disaster.
C) He killed both Kurds and Shiʹites in Iraq.
D) He supported terrorist activities.
E) He committed crimes against humanity and genocide.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1009
34) As a result of the 1993 agreement between the PLO and Israel,
A) All Jewish settlements in the occupied territories have been evacuated.
B) Palestinians have ceased terrorist attacks.
C) the Palestinians have established a sovereign state.
D) the Palestinian Authority improved the lives of the Palestinians.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1009
35) The attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001,
A) was planned by Osama bin Laden of the Al-Qaeda network.
B) resulted in approximately 3,000 murdered Americans.
C) compounded the anxiety over Israeli and Palestinian relations.
D) resulted in the overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan by the United States.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1010
432
36) ________ is an Islamist party that rejects Israel and advocates the implementation of Muslim
law.
A) Hamas
B) intifada
C) Muslim Brotherhood
D) Likud
E) Kurd
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1010
37) Which of the following is NOT consistent with radical Islamic factions?
A) They train young people to be martyrs as human bombs.
B) They are supported by a majority of Muslims.
C) They see the West as enemies of Islam that must be destroyed.
D) Leaders such as Osama bin Laden form militant groups.
E) They are repressive and extremist.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1010-1011
38) Problems facing the newly independent countries of Africa included all of the following
EXCEPT
A) underdeveloped economies.
B) diverse ethnic groups.
C) under-population.
D) politicians with little experience and training.
E) arbitrary boundaries imposed on Africa by European colonial powers.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1011
39) Newly independent nations of the Third World have been confronted with which of the
following problems?
A) the urgent need for economic development
B) the task of building and maintaining national unity among disparate religious, cultural,
and ethnic groups
C) the heavy costs of creating a diplomatic service and military establishment
D) military takeover of civilian governments
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1011-1014
40) Sudan is an example of
A) the establishment of a universal tax to support elementary education in Africa.
B) peaceful existence between disparate religious groups.
C) a successful parliamentary government.
D) a Muslim-dominated government persecuting the Christian Africans and indigenous
Africans.
E) a free and prosperous society.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1014
433
41) Which of the following describes Africaʹs economic development?
A) It exports more than it imports.
B) It has attracted major foreign investment.
C) It cannot feed its own citizens and must import food.
D) The poorer countries are now better off than they were as colonies.
E) Socialism has improved the economies of those nations that adopted it.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1015-1016
42) All of the following are consistent with the AIDS epidemic in Africa EXCEPT
A) 20 percent of all deaths are due to AIDS.
B) health care systems cannot cope with AIDS.
C) traditional African cultural beliefs limit the spread of the disease.
D) AIDS has adversely affected all aspects of African life.
E) Africa south of the Sahara has experienced the worst outbreak of AIDS.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1016
43) In which of the following was the campaign for independence from France accompanied by
the most violence?
A) Morocco B) Algeria C) Guinea D) Tunisia E) Libya
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1017
44) Algeria in 2004 experienced
A) elections boycotted by opposition parties.
B) tens of thousands of its citizens murdered.
C) a continued struggle with fighting between the military and radical Islamists.
D) continued Islamic terrorists attacks.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1016
45) Muammar al-Qadhafi led ________ in an anti -West policy.

A) Libya
B) Ghana
C) Tunis
D) Sudan
E) Morocco
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1017
434
46) The United Nations imposed a trade and international flight embargo over Libya because
A) it supported Pan-Arab nationalism.
B) its government nationalized foreign-owned property.
C) Libyan agents were responsible for the bombing of a Pan American Airlines civilian
flight over Scotland.
D) Qadhafi threatened to invade Morocco.
E) it attacked Israel.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1019
47) After the United States ousted Saddam Hussein in 2003, Libya
A) supported the PLO.
B) funded terrorist attacks on the United States.
C) overthrew Muammar al-Qadhafi.
D) committed itself to abandoning its advanced weapons system and opposed terrorist
activities.
E) continued terrorist attacks on European and American financial interests.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1019
48) In 1960, as Nigeria gained its independence, which of the following applied?
A) Most of its infrastructure was destroyed in a bloody war for independence.
B) It offered the greatest promise of stability and prosperity due to its infrastructures.
C) It possessed no universities.
D) It lacked natural resources.
E) It possessed no doctors, lawyers, engineers, or many other professionals.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1019
49) Nigeria by the 21st century
A) has succeeded in modernizing its economy.
B) has established a free society.
C) has avoided religious wars.
D) has experienced little ethnic strife.
E) continues to be riddled with corruption, ethnic strife, military rule, and religious wars.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1019
50) This African nation has successfully moved from colonialism to independence with a
democratic government.
A) Ghana
B) Congo
C) Angola
D) Uganda
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1019
435
51) The Democratic Republic of the Congo
A) possesses a coherent government.
B) has experienced no civil war.
C) has a promising future in the 21st century.
D) experienced economic growth under the effective leadership of Mobutu.
E) saw the death of more than 3 million people in a war to protect its interests from Rwanda
and Uganda and civil war.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1019-1020
52) Clan rivalries in Somalia have caused
A) UN intervention.
B) famine.
C) civil war.
D) attacks on UN and American forces delivering humanitarian aid.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1020
53) Antagonisms between the Hutu and Tutsi clans in ________ have left hundreds of thousands
dead and more than 2 million refugees.
A) Eritrea
B) Zimbabwe
C) Ghana
D) Rwanda
E) Somalia
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1021
54) The janjaweed
A) brought peace and stability to the Sudan.
B) are Arab militias who eradicated opposition in the Sudan and murdered 450,000
Africans.
C) carried out Rwandan genocide.
D) advocated a Tutsi government of Uganda.
E) brought the instigators of genocide to justice.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1021
55) Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau finally, in the 1970s, threw off the colonial power of
which nation?
A) Spain B) France C) Italy D) Portugal E) Britain
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1021
436
56) All of the following are consistent with the history of Zimbabwe EXCEPT
A) in an attempt to appeal to rural Africans, Mugabe sent thugs to seize white farms.
B) Robert Mugabe became the president in a decisive 1980 victory.
C) it had been the British colony of Rhodesia.
D) its economy has failed to thrive.
E) it went from being one of the most productive and profitable areas of Africa to collapse.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1021
57) African opposition to apartheid in South Africa was led by
A) Koumintang.
B) Haile Selassie.
C) the Anti-Slavery Society.
D) the African National Congress.
E) Bantustans.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1022-1023
58) When President F. W. de Klerk became leader of South Africa in 1990, he
A) legalized all banned political parties.
B) began dismantling apartheid.
C) freed Nelson Mandela from prison.
D) became vice president while Mandela became president of South Africa.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1024
59) The first president of South Africa elected after the end of apartheid was
A) P. W. Botha.
B) de Klerk.
C) Zulu Inkatha.
D) Nelson Mandela.
E) Thabo Mbeki.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1024
437
Chapter 34 Latin America Since 1910
1) Which of the following has NOT contributed to unsatisfactory economic development in many
Latin American states?
A) an inadequate supply of labor
B) inflation
C) inadequate standards of education
D) a massive burden of foreign debts
E) limited political reforms
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1028
2) The initial political battles of early 20th-century Latin America focused on
A) sweeping political transformations.
B) an overhaul of the hierarchical society of colonial days.
C) establishing socialist governments.
D) denying military leadership roles.
E) expanding the franchise.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1028
3) Latin America has experienced a long history of
A) self-government.
B) literacy.
C) military threats to civilian power.
D) continued economic progress.
E) agricultural diversification.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1029
4) Mexicoʹs revolution resulted in which of the following?
A) reform movements led by the office of the president
B) immediate implementation of the revolutionary goals
C) better conditions for the peasants
D) better conditions for the minorities
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1029
5) All of the following are consistent with the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas EXCEPT
A) use of the ejido.
B) opening of 44 million acres to peasants.
C) nationalization of the railroads.
D) a state monopoly on oil.
E) he became a military dictator.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1029
438
6) Consistent with Latin America throughout the 20th century was (were)
A) domination by one political party.
B) clashes between leftists and the military.
C) dictatorial rule.
D) guerilla insurgencies.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1030-1031
7) Hugo Chavez of Venezuela
A) was elected president of Venezuela in 2000.
B) led a failed military coup in 1992.
C) has used Venezuelaʹs oil reserves to gain influence abroad.
D) has close ties to Fidel Castro of Cuba.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1031
8) All of the following are typical of Latin America in the early 21st century EXCEPT
A) the most uneven distribution of wealth in the world.
B) a rising life expectancy.
C) barriadas on the edge of large urban areas house hundreds of thousands amid filth,
disease, and crime.
D) education is inadequate and literacy rates are low.
E) the real value of workersʹ wages continues to decline.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1032
9) Reducing reliance on European and American goods by developing their own manufacturing
did NOT alleviate economic problems because
A) Latin America exports a wide variety of goods.
B) there was no local market for the manufactured goods.
C) prices for their exports rose greatly.
D) European countries boycotted Latin American goods.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1032
10) The South American country whose sovereignty had been undermined by drug traffickers and
corrupt government officials was
A) Columbia.
B) Brazil.
C) Venezuela.
D) Argentina.
E) Peru.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1032
439
11) The International Monetary Fund
A) has not been active in Latin America.
B) is dominated by the U.S. and Europe and so does not help Latin America.
C) has had limited success in forcing some Latin American countries to restructure their
debts and paying these debts.
D) ended after World War II.
E) established narcoeconomies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1032
12) In 1948, the OAS was created to
A) administer the Panama Canal.
B) battle the drug traffic into the United States.
C) eradicate all communist governments.
D) bring North and South American nations together for foreign policy consultation.
E) rebuild Latin America after the destruction of World War II.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1034
13) The Alliance for Progress was formed for what purpose?
A) to break the European boycott of Latin American goods
B) to improve the quality of life and strengthen democracies in Latin America
C) to unite the Latin American countries politically
D) to allow the United States access to Latin American economies
E) to establish communist governments in Latin America
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1034
14) In 1978, the U.S. and the Republic of Panama reached an agreement
A) for cooperation to end the drug traffic between the two countries.
B) returning the Canal Zone to Panama.
C) allowing the U.S. to continue ownership of the Panama Canal into the 21st century.
D) to build a second canal.
E) to support counterinsurgency forces in Panama.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1035
15) Which of the following was NOT consistent with Brazil in 2007?
A) It is South Americaʹs largest country.
B) It has a military regime as a government.
C) It has huge budget deficits.
D) Its economic growth has slowed.
E) Ethanol has become an important facet of the economy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1035
440
16) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Argentinaʹs postWorld War II policies?
A) It was dominated by military civilian rivalries.
B) The government declared bankruptcy as the 21st century began.
C) Evita Peron captured the worldʹs attention when she and her husband ruled.
D) Argentina defeated Britain and seized the Falkland Islands in 1982.
E) Argentinaʹs economy has begun to grow quickly under the more conservative policies of
Nestor Kirchner.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1036-1038
17) After the military took over Argentina in 1976,
A) Peronʹs third wife, Isabel, assumed rule.
B) thousands of men, women, and children disappeared after being picked up by security
squads.
C) peace returned.
D) economic stability returned.
E) Eva Peron returned to power.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1036
18) General Auguste Pinochet
A) was executed for ʺcrimes against humanity.ʺ
B) dissolved Chileʹs Congress and suspended the Constitution.
C) investigated human rights abuses.
D) encouraged freedom of debate within opposition parties.
E) never returned to Chile and died in exile.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1038
19) Prior to 1968 in Peru,
A) military officers ran the government.
B) the government redistributed the land to the peasants.
C) a Maoist group threatened its stability.
D) the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance dominated the government.
E) the country was a colony of Spain.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1038
20) As the 21st century began, Peru
A) saw its economy collapse.
B) was under the control of an ally of Hugo Chavez.
C) had eliminated drug traffickers.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1039
441
21) Recent changes in Bolivia include
A) a democratic constitution.
B) a growing economy based on capitalism.
C) for the first time since Spanish conquest 500 years ago, an Indian is in a leadership
position.
D) President Morales has led the government to a pro -Western position.
E) an increase in individual freedoms.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1039
22) All of the following apply to Columbia EXCEPT
A) violence.
B) drug trafficking.
C) narcoterrorism.
D) Plan Columbia.
E) a stable economy and government.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1039
23) Oil plays a major role in the economy of
A) Columbia.
B) Brazil.
C) Cuba.
D) Peru.
E) Venezuela.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1040
24) The British ushered in independence for the West Indies including all the following EXCEPT
A) Jamaica.
B) Grenada.
C) Barbados.
D) Trinidad.
E) Tobago.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1040
25) Which of the following is NOT consistent with Caribbean states?
A) They have formed the Caribbean Community and Common Market to improve trade.
B) They send most of their exports to the United States and Canada.
C) They depend on a few crops or minerals as exports.
D) They have a low rate of unemployment due to tourism.
E) They lack capital for investment.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1040
442
26) Which of the Caribbean nations has the most varied economy?
A) Haiti
B) Trinidad
C) Barbados
D) Jamaica
E) Tobago
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1040
27) All of the following include policies of Fidel Castro EXCEPT
A) building up the communist Party.
B) continuing to allow private property.
C) supporting pro-communist forces in Angola.
D) obtaining an alliance with the Soviet Union.
E) negating personal liberties.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1041
28) The group of people whose economic status has generally improved under Fidel Castroʹs
regime is the
A) urban middle class.
B) large landowners.
C) peasants.
D) professionals.
E) business owners.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1041
29) By the mid-1990s, Castro faced which of the following problems?
A) peace talks in Angola leaving him with no foreign role
B) abandonment by the Soviet Union
C) an American embargo
D) poor health
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1041
30) Unrest continues to plague ________, the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.
A) Jamaica
B) Haiti
C) El Salvador
D) Puerto Rico
E) Venezuela
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1042
443
31) The most populous Spanish-speaking county in the world is
A) Spain.
B) Brazil.
C) Mexico.
D) Argentina.
E) Peru
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1042
32) A trade zone established to link Canada, Mexico, and the United States was
A) GATT.
B) APEC.
C) NAFTA.
D) Western Free Trade Association.
E) SEATO.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1042
33) Problems facing Mexico in the 21st century do NOT include
A) corruption.
B) guerilla warfare in Chiapas.
C) political murder and intrigue.
D) a lack of natural resources.
E) high levels of employment.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1043
34) The Sandinista rebels and the Somosa government battled in
A) El Salvador.
B) Cuba.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Belize.
E) Costa Rica.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1044
35) Problems faced by El Salvador in the late 20th century included which of the following
A) the aftermath of a bloody civil war.
B) a government led by a right-of-center political party, the National Republican Party,
since 1991.
C) massive emigration to the United States.
D) right-wing death squads and leftist guerrillas brought terror to the countryside.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1044
444
36) Which Central American country has a stable political system and diverse economy?
A) Guatemala
B) El Salvador
C) Nicaragua
D) Panama
E) Costa Rica
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1044
445
Chapter 35 Asia and the South Pacific Since 1945
1) U.S. policy toward China after World War II included all of the following EXCEPT
A) using American troops to defeat the communist forces.
B) the demand that other political interests participate in the government.
C) sending Secretary of State Marshall to negotiate.
D) regarding the Nationalist regime as the legal government.
E) American criticism of both the Nationalists and the Communists for failing to make
peace.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1048
2) After the end of World War II, the Nationalist government in China
A) retained its sense of dynamism and a powerful sense of mission.
B) had a broad base of popular support.
C) saw to it that land was distributed equally among peasant families.
D) was in retreat within China.
E) gained support by assisting the Taiwanese against Japan.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1048
3) In his rule of China, Mao applied
A) Marxism to a predominantly agricultural peasantry.
B) economic liberalism to big business.
C) capitalism to the class-conscious proletariat.
D) decentralization policies to national government.
E) freedom of expression on all levels of the government.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1049
4) Following World War II, the United States pumped more than $2 billion into China supporting
the government of
A) Lin Piao.
B) Zhou Enlai.
C) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek).
D) Mao Zedong.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1049
5) To accomplish his program, Mao Zedong
A) massacred millions of Chinese citizens.
B) brought inflation under control.
C) collectivized agriculture.
D) destroyed the private ownership of farms that had been successful.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1049
446
6) The example of which world leader most influenced Mao Zedong?
A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Nikita Khrushchev
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Winston Churchill
E) Konrad Adenauer
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1051
7) Which of the following statements about Chinaʹs ʺGreat Leap Forwardʺ is NOT true?
A) Thousands of backyard blast furnaces were built as part of the effort to increase the
production of steel.
B) A new system of agricultural production was launched made up of Peopleʹs Communes.
C) Many areas of social life were run by communes.
D) It proved to be successful and set the pattern for subsequent policy.
E) It caused the deaths of 1630 million Chinese.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1051
8) Chinaʹs aggressive foreign policy was demonstrated by
A) its seizure of Tibet.
B) its demands on Taiwan.
C) development of nuclear power.
D) the split with the Soviet Union.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1051
9) The name of Maoʹs mass campaign in the 1960s to revolutionize the country was the
A) Great Purges.
B) Cultural Revolution.
C) Long March.
D) Four Truths.
E) Four Modernizations.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1052
10) Which of the following statements about the Cultural Revolution in China is true?
A) The Red Guards kept the education system open.
B) It was inspired by opponents of Mao Zedong.
C) Political purification was given a higher priority than economic developments by those
who organized the Red Guards.
D) Technical research flourished.
E) Stability was the rule.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1052
447
11) The leader who effectively assisted Mao in the 1970s was
A) Deng Xiaoping.
B) Sun Yat-sen.
C) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek).
D) Zhou Enlai.
E) Jing Qing.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1052
12) The Cultural Revolution of Mao Zedong caused
A) basic education and research to cease.
B) a drastic reduction of the population.
C) industrial production to plummet.
D) youths to attack their elders in a quest for Maoist utopianism.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1051-1052
13) The first trip by a U.S. president to a country with which Washington had no diplomatic
relations was
A) Kennedyʹs trip to Berlin.
B) Carterʹs trip to Russia.
C) Fordʹs trip to Yugoslavia.
D) Nixonʹs trip to China.
E) Bushʹs trip to Iran.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1052
14) After the death of Mao, China
A) introduced a more market-oriented economy.
B) decreased foreign trade.
C) forbade the entry of Western experts.
D) forbade personal accumulation of profit.
E) strengthened the communes.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1052
15) The Chinese Communists in modern China have
A) improved social services.
B) provided for a higher standard of living.
C) broadened public education.
D) repressed human rights .
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1053
448
16) The person who dominated the post-Mao period was
A) Jiang Zemin.
B) Zhao Ziyang.
C) Jiang Qing.
D) Deng Xiaoping.
E) Li Peng.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1053
17) What was the significance of Tiananmen Square, May 4, 1989?
A) The first American businesses were allowed to operate within China.
B) Tibet was annexed against its will.
C) The Chinese government announced its development of nuclear power.
D) While demonstrating for democracy, 3,000 protesters were massacred.
E) A constitution was ratified for the first time in Chinese history.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1053
18) All of the following are consistent with China as the 21st century began EXCEPT
A) most favored nation status with the United States.
B) a great disparity in income between coastal regions and the interior.
C) persecution of religious groups and ethnic minorities.
D) equal opportunities for women.
E) membership in the World Trade Organization.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1053-1054
19) Issue facing China in the 21st century include all of the following EXCEPT
A) ethnic minorities demanding autonomous states.
B) environmental degradation.
C) female infanticide.
D) too many male children.
E) restoration of the emperor.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1054
20) Japanʹs dramatic turn toward democracy and free enterprise after World War II was caused by
the American occupation administered by General
A) Grant.
B) Patton.
C) Eisenhower.
D) MacArthur.
E) Marshall.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1055
449
21) American-supervised reforms in Japan after World War II included all of the following
EXCEPT
A) a land reform policy.
B) pardons for those convicted of war crimes.
C) a new decentralized public education program.
D) the formation of labor unions.
E) civil rights for women.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1055
22) The Japanese Constitution of 1947 provided for all of the following EXCEPT
A) a democratic parliament-cabinet system.
B) the abolition of the position of emperor.
C) a bicameral legislature.
D) a system of universal adult suffrage.
E) the renunciation of war.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1055
23) Perhaps the most significant social change in Japan since 1945 has been
A) the rejection of MacArthurʹs attempts at Americanization.
B) the development of agricultural communes.
C) rapid urbanization.
D) the rapid decline in the standard of living.
E) instability in government and economics.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1055
24) By the late 1970s, Japan witnessed all of the following EXCEPT
A) becoming second only to the U.S. in automobile manufacture.
B) in 1987, Tokyo became the worldʹs financial center.
C) becoming the worldʹs greatest producer of transistor radios.
D) dominance in the television manufacturing industry.
E) a leader in overcoming pollution.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1055-1058
25) Japan experienced all the following social changes with the start of the 21st century EXCEPT
A) juvenile delinquency.
B) loss of parental authority.
C) guaranteed the right of lifetime employment.
D) 50 percent of the work force consisted of women.
E) popular youth culture fields such as anime.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1060
450
26) In 1998, Japan experienced a financial crash due to
A) a series of bad loans.
B) a weakening management structure.
C) overpriced real estate.
D) the decline of the yen.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1060
27) PostWorld War II policy for Korea
A) established its independence and sovereignty.
B) created the Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence, which evolved into
a national government.
C) allowed Japanese troops to remain as peacekeeping troops.
D) involved the agreement of the Soviet Union to leave Korea.
E) followed the desires of the Koreans.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1060
28) The East Asian country divided after World War II at the 38th parallel was
A) Japan.
B) Vietnam.
C) Korea.
D) China.
E) the Philippines.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1061
29) Events that occurred during 1948 in Korea did NOT include
A) the formation of the Democratic Peopleʹs Republic.
B) the establishment of an American military regime over both North and South Korea.
C) withdrawal of Soviet troops.
D) the formation of the Republic of Korea.
E) government positions for Japanese collaborators.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1061
30) The state that the United Nations labeled an aggressor and sent forces to fight in 1950 was
A) South Korea.
B) China.
C) Japan.
D) North Korea.
E) U.S.S.R.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1061
451
31) North Korea continues to be ruled by
A) the United Nations.
B) the familial oligarchy of General Kim Ilsong.
C) a dynasty established by Syngman Rhee.
D) China.
E) a democracy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1061
32) From 1961 to 1979, South Korea
A) recognized the sovereignty of North Korea.
B) established a democratic republic.
C) contained no democratic elements.
D) outlawed the KCIA (Korean Central Intelligence Agency).
E) enjoyed no economic growth.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1062
33) By 2002, all of the following had occurred in Korea EXCEPT
A) visits across the 38th parallel by families.
B) the apology by Japan for atrocities committed against Korea.
C) the World Cup of Football (Soccer).
D) talks between Kim Taejung of South Korea and Kim Jongil of North Korea.
E) ʺSunshine Policyʺ
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1061-1062
34) For the larger part of its early period as an independent nation, Indonesia was ruled by
A) Boutros Boutros-Ghali.
B) Achmed Sukarno.
C) T. P. P. Ramakrishna.
D) T. N. J. Suharto.
E) Mohammed Hatta.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1063
35) The overthrow of Sukarnoʹs government in Indonesia resulted in all the following EXCEPT
A) infusion of Western financial aid.
B) higher literacy rates.
C) the deaths of 500,000750,000 people.
D) the invasion of East Timor.
E) decreased racial incidents between the Indonesians and the Chinese.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1064-1065
452
36) In 1998, Suharto (who had replaced Sukarno) was forced out of office by
A) a military coup.
B) an economic collapse.
C) foreign intervention.
D) Indonesian students.
E) Islamic militants.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1065
37) The most dominant factor in Indonesian society as the 21st century began was
A) foreign intervention.
B) economic diversity.
C) religious nationalism.
D) increasing human rights.
E) economic self-sufficiency.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1065
38) In 1999, violence erupted between Indonesia and East Timor, which resulted in all the
following EXCEPT
A) a campaign of terror against the people of East Timor.
B) it prompted other groups to seek independence.
C) the intervention of the United Nations.
D) rebel groups in Sumatra challenged Jakarta.
E) continued demands by the Aceh rebels for autonomy.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1065
39) In the ethnically mixed society of Malaysia, a virtual monopoly of wealth and power is held by
the
A) Chinese.
B) Malayans.
C) Japanese.
D) Filipinos.
E) British.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1065
40) Problems facing Thailand continue to include
A) its support of Japan during World War II.
B) military coups.
C) corruption.
D) lack of progressive reform.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1066
453
41) French rule of Vietnam
A) ended in March 1954 with a total military defeat.
B) did nothing to prepare the Vietnamese for self-rule.
C) had been cruel and harsh.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1066
42) Which American administration began sending American troops to Vietnam?
A) Truman
B) Eisenhower
C) Johnson
D) Kennedy
E) Nixon
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1067
43) Which of the following is NOT an accurate assessment of Vietnam today?
A) guaranteed freedom of expression
B) economic growth
C) trade relations with the United States
D) united under a communist regime
E) continued outbreaks of avian flu
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1067
44) In which country did the Khmer Rouge commit genocide?
A) Laos
B) Cambodia
C) Burma
D) Vietnam
E) Tibet
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1067
45) Which of the following is consistent with Cambodia today?
A) war
B) military dictatorship
C) sex trafficking in girls and women
D) lack of tourist trade
E) all of the above
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1067
454
46) Myanmar (Burma) since 1991
A) has been run by a military junta.
B) has had a high rate of AIDS.
C) carries out a profitable trade in illegal drugs.
D) has kept Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest due to her
pro-democracy beliefs.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1067
47) After World War II, the Phillippines
A) became politically independent but militarily and economically dependent on the U.S.
for 20 years.
B) elected Ferdinand Marcos who instituted a policy called ʺconstitutional
authoritarianismʺ.
C) witnessed increased hostility with China.
D) was never able to establish a favorable balance of trade.
E) witnessed the growth of factionalism in its government.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1067
48) Which of the following had Japan NOT occupied during World War II?
A) Cambodia
B) Vietnam
C) India
D) Laos
E) Taiwan
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1068
49) In 1947, Pakistan gained recognition as a national entity separate from India because of conflict
between
A) Hindus and Muslims.
B) communist and democratic factions.
C) white settlers and native Indians.
D) Britain and the United States.
E) China and India.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1068
50) Which of the following did NOT constitute a major obstacle between the eastern and western
provinces of Pakistan following the creation of that nation?
A) economic differences
B) racial differences
C) religious differences
D) linguistic differences
E) patterns of commerce
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1069
455
51) The allocation of ________ to India is a critical source of conflict with Pakistan.
A) Tibet
B) Nepal
C) oil revenues
D) silk trade revenues
E) Kashmir
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1069
52) Jawaharlal Nehru was
A) the last Indian emperor.
B) the Muslim Indian leader who ordered the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.
C) Indiaʹs first Prime Minister.
D) the Afghan puppet set up by the Soviet Union following its invasion of that country.
E) a member of the Islamic radical party.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1069
53) Indira Gandhi (Nehruʹs daughter) witnessed all of the following during her tenure as prime
minister EXCEPT
A) an attack on the Sikh golden temple in Amritsar.
B) forced sterilizations to curb population.
C) advances in economic productivity.
D) ethnic unity.
E) the defeat of Pakistan in the 1971 war.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1069-1070
54) Problems facing India at the beginning of the 21st century include all the following EXCEPT
A) overpopulation.
B) lack of nuclear capabilities.
C) caste vs. equality struggles.
D) Hindu-Muslim hostilities.
E) failing infrastructures.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1070-1071
55) As a result of a 1971 war between India and Pakistan,
A) Indiaʹs relations with China improved.
B) Bangladesh was created.
C) Indira Gandhi was assassinated.
D) Pakistan became a province of India.
E) India annexed East Pakistan.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1071
456
56) The seriousness of India-Pakistan disputes increased when
A) India annexed Kashmir.
B) Pakistan invaded Nepal.
C) both nations became nuclear powers.
D) Pakistan invaded India.
E) Bangladeshʹs economy collapsed and India was overrun with refugees.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1071-1072
57) Benazir Bhutto was the first woman to lead a Muslim nation when she was elected to office in
A) Pakistan.
B) India.
C) Indonesia.
D) Bangladesh.
E) Malaya.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1073
58) All of the following are consistent with Afghanistan EXCEPT
A) the United States supported its resistance to Soviet invaders.
B) millions of refugees left after the Soviet invasion.
C) it shares the Islamic religion with Pakistan.
D) its border with India has been a longstanding division between ethnic groups.
E) a vicious civil war among various factions for dominance.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1073
59) The Taliban of Afghanistan
A) seized military control of the nation.
B) were toppled from power by the United States.
C) allied itself with Osama bin Laden.
D) implemented a repressive regime.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1074
60) Free elections were held for the first time in history in which of the following countries in
2004?
A) Iran
B) Pakistan
C) Iraq
D) Afghanistan
E) India
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1074
457
61) All of the following are consistent for Australia in the 21st century EXCEPT
A) waves of immigrants.
B) the arts and culture are still considered backward by the European world.
C) it is not fully independent from Britain.
D) its trade is increasingly oriented toward Asia.
E) it acts as a regional power.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1074
62) Which of the following are consistent with New Zealand?
A) a world leader in environmental protection
B) a world leader in human rights
C) very low level of corruption
D) four out of five New Zealanders are of European descent
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1074-1075
63) All of the following problems face the Pacific Islands EXCEPT
A) obesity.
B) ethnic rivalry.
C) rising sea levels.
D) military coups.
E) an aging population.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1075
458
Chapter 36 Into the Twenty-first Century
1) Changes in the world economy after World War II included all of the following EXCEPT
A) the end of the gold standard.
B) international exchange rates based on market mechanisms.
C) a decrease in multinational firms.
D) collaborative efforts by nations exporting raw materials.
E) massive debt.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1080-1081
2) The economy of the United States remains dominant in which of the following areas?
A) advanced technology
B) aircraft
C) software
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1081
3) By the year 2007, Russia
A) had paid off most of its debt.
B) had benefited from oil and gas revenues.
C) had a small upper class controlling most of the wealth.
D) was poised to wield political power in Europe as an energy supplier.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1082
4) Outsourcing involves
A) an attempt to fight against trade barriers.
B) an agreement on tariffs and trade.
C) subcontracting work and jobs to foreign countries for a cheaper wage.
D) extralegal immigration.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1082
5) A result of women being in the work force has been
A) declining birthrates.
B) women dominating managerial posts.
C) more women than men in university administrations.
D) more men than women entering college.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1083-1084
459
6) Due to globalization and the trickling down from a growing world economy,
A) the number of poor in the world has decreased.
B) number of poor in the world has increased.
C) the middle class in developing countries has declined.
D) the middle class in developing countries has seen its income increase.
E) workers in developed countries have experienced an increase in job security.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1084
7) In the 1970s, a new approach to financial aid for the poor involved
A) microfinance.
B) grants to new nations.
C) loans to banking institutions in struggling nations.
D) major companies founding industries in developing countries with internal loans.
E) agriculture surplus.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 1086
8) Since 1945, a technological revolution has
A) impacted only an elite group within the population.
B) strengthened the traditional family.
C) changed the way work is done.
D) faltered.
E) impacted only developed nations.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1087
9) What discovery by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 led to both promise and ethical
argument?
A) cloning
B) the structure of the DNA molecule
C) embryonic stem cell research
D) mapping of the human genome
E) human robotics
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1087
10) Consequences of DNA research at the beginning of the 21st century included all of the
following EXCEPT
A) possible cures to serious human illnesses.
B) human cloning success.
C) social and ethical issues.
D) changes in the criminal justice system.
E) genetically modified organisms.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1087
460
11) PostWorld War II changes in the United States do NOT include
A) an international economy.
B) less government involvement in the lives of average citizens.
C) longer life spans for people in capitalist countries.
D) a dramatic decrease in the number of people involved in agriculture.
E) urbanization.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 1088
12) Consequences of the social revolution of the post·world war era included
A) an increase in the number of people processing natural materials.
B) a change to more than half the labor force consisting of men.
C) the Equal Rights Amendment as law in the United States.
D) an increase of the governmentsʹ role in citizensʹ lives.
E) acceptance of the more liberal roles for women by Sharia law.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1088
13) Problems exacerbated by the Age of Technology involve
A) lack of privacy.
B) criminal gangs.
C) sexual predators.
D) international communities that transcend nations.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1088
14) In impoverished sub-Saharan Africa, by 2007, what percentage of people owned cell phones?
A) Less that 1 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 75 percent
E) 30 percent
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1089
15) Problems caused by illegal aliens include
A) cultural clashes.
B) disease outbreaks.
C) increased crime.
D) overwhelmed public services.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1090
461
16) Which nation has successfully dealt with the issue of foreign workers?
A) Britain
B) France
C) Holland
D) Germany
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1091
17) What is meant by the phrase ʺcultural imperialismʺ?
A) annexing territories
B) a more powerful nation operates the infrastructures of a less-developed country.
C) imposing cultural dominance
D) allowing a minority culture to practice its beliefs within a larger culture
E) a return to cultural roots
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1096
18) In much of the Arab world,
A) modernity and tolerance has been embraced.
B) resistance to western ideals has decreased.
C) anti-Israel and anti-America as well as anti-liberal beliefs toward reforms for the
educational and economic opportunities for women are on the rise.
D) countries have adapted western technology without much impact on their traditional
cultures.
E) the social values of the Western secular culture are admired.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 1097
19) Some of the environmental dangers facing the world community at the beginning of the 21st
century include
A) destruction of the worldʹs forests.
B) pollution of traditionally rich fishing grounds.
C) massive environmental devastation in the former Soviet Bloc.
D) nuclear weapons proliferation on the black market.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1098-1099
20) The UN Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972
A) formed the World Environmental Arbitration Board, which oversees environmental
disputes among nations.
B) established financing for the solution of environmental problems.
C) established worldwide air pollution standards.
D) solved the threat to the ozone layer.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1100
462
21) Global warming
A) replaced the ozone layer as the most pressing environmental issue by 2007.
B) has not been proven to be caused by human activity.
C) replaced the 1970s environmental issue of a returning ice age.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 1101
22) All of the following are reasons for hope in the 21st century EXCEPT
A) more people are living longer and healthier.
B) modern medicine has cured or slowed polio, small pox, measles, typhus, and cholera.
C) the Green Revolution has turned China and India into food -exporting nations.
D) the end of the Cold War.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 1101
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41) During the ʺneo-Sumerian periodʺ at the end of the third millennium B.C.E., the dominant city

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