Main Journal :

GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN YANG EFEKTIF , Sethuraman, Kavitha, dkk. 2014.

Comparison Journal :

GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN Deswaraswamy, Nanjun,dkk. 2014

IMBALAN DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP

KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN DI BALAI BESAR INDUSTRI HASIL PERTANIAN
BOGOR ,Ruvendi,Ramlan,dkk. 2005..

NAME OF REVIEWER : DINDA ANGGITA MAYSARAH

NIM : 4183141061

THE LECTURER : Dra. MEIDA N. M.Sc.

COURSE : LEADERSHIP

BILINGUAL BIOLOGI EDUCATION

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

NOVEMBER, 2018
 Executive Summary

Leadership has been a topic of discussion, speculation, and debate since plato’s time. In
every organization around the world, from a giant conglomerate to  a grocery store, there is one
question: who is the leader? Who is the best leader? What are the best leader attributes?  Most
people who tirelessly study leadership agree that the benchmark of leader’s success is the result
achieved.

In history we have learned what leadership is andd what is not leadership. Although
thousands of studies have been done, there are still many things we do not know yet. In this
chapwr we will see what we know about leadership. We will see how leadership in contemporary
point of view. In the process, we focus on the concept of new leadership and its application.

Therefore leadership is indispensable for organizations and individuals who want to

succeed. This is where the required leadership figures who are able to communicate well and
correctly to subordinates, for the purpose of the organization remains focused in accordance with
the planning.

i
 PREFACE

First of all, I want to express my thanks to Allah SWT, because of His bless and grace, I can
finish this paper. This paper titled “LEADERSHIP”. The writer rote it to fulfill the assignment
from Mrs. Dra. MEIDA N. M.Sc.to Critical Journal Review subject, I also thanks to her for all
the guidance to complete it.

In completing this paper, I faced many problems, but with the help of many people, all the
problems could be passed. May Allah give the blessing for them. It provides the intrinsic
elements in the happy prince short story with detail explanation. Although this paper has many
deficiencies in the arrangement and explanation, I hope that can be used as a reference for the
reader to understand the intrinsic elements of a short story

Finally the writer expects that it can be a medium for the reader to deepen the knowledge about
the figure of speech and its application.

Medan, November 2018

Dinda Anggita Maysarah

ii
 Table of Content

Preface…………..………………………………………..……………………………………….i

Executive summary……………………………………………………..……………………….ii

Table of content…………………………………………………………………………………iii

CHAPTER I PRILEMENARY.……………………………………...………………..………..1

A. Rational importance of CJR………………………………….………….……………...1

B. The purpose of writing CJR …………………………………..……………………......1
C. Benefits of CJR…………………………………………………..………………………1
D. Identity of the Journal that was reviewed ………………………..……………………2

CHAPTER II SUMMARY OF JOURNAL……………………………………………………3

A. Summary of main journal……………………………………………………………....3

B. Summary of first comparison journal………………………………………………….6
C. Summary of second comparison journal………………………………………………7

CHAPTER III DISCUSSION / ANALYSIS………………………………………………….10

A. Discussion of the journal content……………………………………………………...10

B. The advantages and disadvantages of journal content……………………………....11

CHAPTER IV CLOSE………………………………………………………………………...13

A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...13
B. Recommendation………………………………………………………………………13

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………14

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 CHAPTER I

PRILEMENARY

A. Rational importance of CJR

In choosing a reference book we are often confused to choose what we can read
and understand. Sometimes we choose one book, but it does not satisfy our hearts. For
example, in terms of language analysis, discussion about leadership. When we need a
reference, which is journaling as a source of our reading besides books in studying
leadership courses, we should first criticize the journal so that we know which journals
are more relevant to be used as sources of reading. Therefore, the authors make this
Critical Book Report to make it easier for readers to choose reference books, especially
on the subject of language about leadership.

B. The purpose of writing CJR

1. To fulfill assignments in leadership courses.
2. Improve the ability of students to summarize, analyze, and compare and provide
criticism in the journal.
3. Strengthening readers' understanding of the importance of leadership in life.

C. Benefits of CJR
1. As a reference for how to perfect a journal and find relevant reading resources.
2. Make me as a writer and student more honed in criticizing a journal.
3. To increase knowledge about leadership.

D. Identity of the Journal that was reviewed

1. Main Journal
a. Title of Journal : Gaya Kepemimpinan yang efektif
b. Name of Journal : Jurnal Penelitian Bisnis Internasional
c. Edition :-
d. Author of Journal : Kavitha Sethuraman & Jayshree Suresh
e. Publisher : Canadian Pusat Sains dan Pendidikan

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 f. City of publication : Tamilnadu, India
g. ISSN : ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012
h. Site address : http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v7n9p165

2. First Comparison Journal

a. Title of Journal : Gaya Kepemimpinan
b. Name of Journal : Jurnal Kemajuan Dalam Manajemen
c. Edition :-
d. Author of Journal : Nanjun deswaraswamy TS dan Swamy DR
e. Publisher : JSS Akademi Teknis Educat ion
f. City of publication : Bangalore, India
g. ISSN :-
h. Site address : https://plj.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jrlab/article/view/67

3. Second Comparison Journal

a. Title of Journal : IMBALAN DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN
PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN DI
BALAI BESAR INDUSTRI HASIL PERTANIAN BOGOR
b. Name of Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Binaniaga
c. Edition :-
d. Author of Journal : Ramlan Ruvendi
e. Publisher :-
f. City of publication : Bogor, Indonesia
g. ISSN :-
h. Site address : https://ojs.bogor.ac.id/index.php/EEB/article/
view/9502

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 CHAPTER II

SUMMARY OF JOURNAL

A. Summary of main journal

A leader is defined as a person with the responsibility to influence one or more
followers and direct them to achieve the goals set. However, leaders must be aware of
the strengths of each follower and identify areas to be improved (Bruce E. Winston
and Kathleen Patterson, 2006). A leader must be able to change or a leadership style
based on a situation to be more effective, focus on supporting followers and building
their trust and respect (Aric Hall, 2007). Literature has stated that a key element for a
successful organization is leadership style and competence (J. Rodney Turner and
Ralf Muller, 2005). The five main functions of leadership are categorized as follows
(Joel Digirolamo, 2010).
• Create a vision and focus on it.
• Form a high-performance team.
• Keep the team motivated.
• Maintain good relationships with the people around to make sure they are aware
of the information needed.
• Satisfying employees to minimize friction Leadership is defined in many study
numbers on the subject.

This definition of leadership is not common to all leaders for all situations.
Therefore a lot of research is done to identify what effective leaders do? Over the
years nature has not given importance to effective leadership, but learning about
leadership has proven that aspects of personality are also important for effective
leadership such as domination, extraversion, socialization, confidence, high levels of
energy and resilience. The wisdom and self-awareness of a leader helps to a large
extent in influencing followers (Jeannet Weyers, 2010). Conger's research (Conger,
J., 1992) explains that leaders can be prepared from being discovered by
understanding the importance of planned development (John Davenport, 2008).
Knowing one's own personality type might help leaders to know and understand one
better self. As understanding the personality type (MBTI Type) of yourself will help

3
 leaders to see how their characteristics, skills and behavior are shaped (Philip E.
Burian, et al., 2014)
1. Theory Leadership
A glimpse of leadership theories will help set the platform for further
discussion. The theory of big people states that leaders are born and not made. The
inherent characteristics will be based on www.ccsenet.org/ibr International Business
Research Vol. 7, No. 9; 2014 166 needs. This theory went well with our historians
and was named as "Great man theory" as in previous days leadership roles were taken
only by men. This thought was excessive after many studies and studies were carried
out on leadership (Major Earl Russell, 2011). trait theory The approach is also one of
the earliest theories of leadership. This approach focuses on basic traits such as
physical and personal characteristics along with the competencies of a must-have
leader. This is based on the assumption that the basic traits of reasoning for leaders'
behavior are consistent in different situations. Similar to the Big Man theory, this
approach states that leaders have characteristics that they are born with and remain
consistent for a long time (Fleenor, John W., 2011). Contingency theory focuses on
factors that are connected to the environment that might determine the leadership
style that will be most suitable for a particular situation. Various factors including -
leadership style, followers and situational theory situations emphasize that leaders
will choose the best leadership style based on situation and groups influenced by
behavioral theory stating that leaders are "made and not born" which is contrary to the
great human theory concept. It states that leadership skills can be learned and
developed (Kendra Cherry, nd). Participatory theory explains about collective
decisions making the ability of a leader or the joint influence of subordinates in
decision making. This leadership style will help motivate team members as their input
is being considered and given because of its importance (Anit Somech, 2006).
2. Dicussion
Fiedler's Contingency Theory explains the relationship between leadership
style and group performance during different situations. This theory is based on
several defining elements such as leader behavior (ie). Tasks based on or
relationships based, leaders' effective orientation is based on member exchanges

4
situation and leader (Encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations, nd).
There are three situational dimensions attached to the effectiveness of a leader namely
relationship members Leaders where determine subordinates "loyalty, constancy and
support, Task structure depends on subordinate routine work and strength of position
where the leaders "authority is displayed. All three situational dimensions help
leaders in having situational control. Managers have good relations with subordinates
who will be able to have more task structures and rewards or punish their employees
without any problems (Bolden et al., 2003). In Fiedler's effectiveness the leadership
model is determined based on the relationship between the leader's style and the
leader's work environment. The leadership style will vary based on a leader's
personality style and work environment will be based on situational aspects that will
enable a leader to influence his followers (Patrich Antoine, nd) Leadership styles and
contingency theories play an important role in the literature relating to leadership
(Shaun Killian, 2007). Leaders must know how their leadership style influences the
performance of their followers. This may have positive and negative impacts on their
followers for example : being supportive and consistent / inconsistent / becoming
unsupportive and inconsistent.Therefore leadership styles and contingency theories
dominate the literature on leadership (Warrick, nd) Literature also reveals that one of
the most important functions of a person The leader is to monitor the team's
performance and forecast the impact of environmental conditions that might have an
effect on the team's performance. So that being able to think prevents action in the
case of negative effects (Peter d. Bachiochi, Steven g. Rogelberg, Matthew s. O
'connor & Allison e. Older, 2000).
Although there are several studies made, which conclude that there is no
important relationship between leadership style and personality type. Pearman, Roger
and Fleenor (1997) observed a strong relationship between psychological types and
leadership behavior that was reaffirmed by using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI) to understand type preferences and reflections from a leader. Therefore this
research is an attempt to bring out the relationship between situational leadership and
MBTI. Literature also talks about the importance of self-awareness in managerial
career development and findings report that there is a relationship between self-

5
 awareness and the managerial career development process. The instrument used for
this study was 360 degrees of feedback and inventory personality (McCarthy, A. & N.
Garavan, 1999).

B. Summary of first comparison journal

Transformational leadership style: Transformational leadership style concentrates
on developing followers and their needs. Managers with transformational leadership
styles concentrate on the growth and development of employee value systems,
inspirational levels and morality with the opening of their abilities. According to Bass 5,
the purpose of transformational leadership will be to "transform" people and
organizations in the literal sense - to change them in mind and heart to enlarge visions,
understand and understand the reasons for clarifying behavior that is congruent with
values, concepts and brings permanent, self-perpetuating change and build momentum.
According to Bass and Avolio 4, transformational leadership occurs when leaders
become broader and uphold the interests of employees, after they generate awareness and
acceptance for group goals and assignments, so when they integrate employees to appear
outside their own interests for the good of the group.
According to Bass and Avolio 2, transformational leaders encourage followers to
see problems from a new perspective, provide support and encouragement to
communicate a vision, stimulate emotions and identify. Bruce et al said that
transformational leaders are able to define and articulate a vision for their organization
and leadership style can influence or "change" individual level variables such as
increasing motivation and organizational level variations, such as mediating conflicts
between groups or teams. Podsakoff et al disclosed transformational leadership had active
influence on individual and organizational outcomes such as employee satisfaction and
performance. Higher levels of transformation Leadership is associated with a higher level
of potential groups. Transactional leadership style: Transactional leadership relies more
on "trade" between leaders and followers where followers are.
compensation to meet certain goals or performance criteria. The transactional leader will
first validate the relationship between performance and gifts and then exchange them
with a response award that encourages subordinates to improve performance.

6
 Transactional leadership in organizations plays a role in exchanging roles between
managers and subordinates. Transactional leadership style is understood as an exchange
of rewards and targets between employees and management. Bass and Avolio explain
Transactional leaders motivating subordinates through the use of contingent gifts,
corrective actions and enforcement of rules. Bass Bernard et al explain that transactional
leadership relies on reinforcing contingents, both contingent positive gifts or more forms
of active negative or passive management with the exception. Transactional leaders
motivate followers through exchange; for example, completing work in return for a
reward or preference. Kahai found higher group success under conditions of transactional
leadership. According to Burns, transactional leaders tend to focus on completing tasks
and compliance with employees and these leaders rely heavily on organizational rewards
and penalties for influencing employee performance.

C. Summary of second comparison journal

Leadership Style Leadership is the ability to influence others to achieve goals
enthusiastically (David, Keith, 1985). Gibson, James L. et.al., (1982) explains that
leadership is a concept that is narrower than management. Managers in formal
organizations are responsible and trusted in carrying out management functions. Leaders
are sometimes found in informal groups, so they are not always responsible for
management functions. A manager who wants to succeed is required to have effective
leadership. How is the effort of a leader to influence others or that subordinates follow
what is ordered will depend on the leadership style used. However, there is no effective
leadership style that is generally applicable to all situations (Gibson, James L. et.al.,
(1982).
Leadership style according to Davis, Keith. (1985) is the overall pattern of actions
of leaders as perceived by their employees. The leadership style represents the
philosophy, skills, and attitudes of leaders in politics. There are 3 types of leadership
style (leadership style) that greatly influence the effectiveness of a leader, namely
autocratic style, democratic / participatory, and free of control (Reksohadirpodjo, S and
T. Hani Handoko. 1986; David. Keith, 1985). Research on leadership style was carried
out by Sutanto, Eddy Madiono and Budhi Setiawan, to test the effective leadership style

7
at the Sinar Mas Department Store, Sidoarjo, from the study found a relationship between
leadership style and enthusiasm and work enthusiasm. He also revealed that an effective
leadership style is leadership that is adapted to the situation and conditions
(Contingency). Indications of a decline in enthusiasm and enthusiasm for work are
indicated by high levels of absenteeism and employee movements. It arises as a result of
leadership that is not liked. Leader behavior is one of the important factors that can affect
job satisfaction. According to Miller et al. (1991) show that leadership style has a positive
relationship to employee job satisfaction. The results of the Gruenberg (1980) study
found that a close relationship and mutual help with coworkers and supervisors is very
important and has a strong relationship with job satisfaction and has nothing to do with
the state of the workplace and the type of work. One of the factors that cause job
dissatisfaction is the nature of supervisors who do not want to hear complaints and views
of workers and want to help if needed (Pinder, 1984). This is evidenced by Blakely
(1993) where workers who receive awards from higher supervisors are compared with
their own judgments will be more satisfied, but supervision that is too tight will lead to
low levels of satisfaction (King et al., 1982).
Recommendations The research that has been done is only at the initial level to
understand the characteristics of the variable job satisfaction that is influenced by two
independent variables, namely the reward variable and leadership style. As discussed in
the literature review that job satisfaction is very complex and there are many factors that
influence it, then in using the results of this research as a policy foundation must be
careful because there are many things that must be observed such as: rewards in the form
that have sufficient influence strong against job satisfaction (economic or non-economic
benefits). Then what leadership style is most effective and can increase morale and job
satisfaction of employees. Likewise, seeing the value of R Square is only 0.564, which
means that the variable under study is not large enough to influence the dependent
variable because there are still independent variables outside the model which have a
significant effect on Y variation, which is 43.6%. Other factors outside the model are
factors such as work colleagues, work environment, type of work, working conditions,
supervision, promotion, giving opportunities, authority, challenging work, and so on. For

8
this reason, in order to complete the results of this study it is recommended that further
research be carried out such as
1. Looking for relationships of each type of reward for work kepusan.
2. Researching effective leadership styles that are in accordance with the environment
and organizational culture of the BBIHP.
3. Examining other independent variables outside the reward variable and leadership style
become a factor in the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of employees at work.

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 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS

A. Discussion of the journal content

According to the main journal The leadership style used is situational leadership
style, where this style emphasizes that leaders will choose the best leadership style based
on the situation and groups influenced by behavioral theory states that leaders are "made
and not born" which is contrary to the theory of great humans. It states that leadership
skills can be learned and developed (Kendra Cherry, nd). Participatory theory explains
about collective decisions making the ability of a leader or the joint influence of
subordinates in decision making. This leadership style will help motivate team members
as their input is being considered and given because of its importance (Anit Somech,
2006).
According to journal manager I The used leadership style is the transformational
leadership style, where transformational leadership concentrates on developing followers
and their needs. Managers with transformational leadership styles concentrate on the
growth and development of employee value systems, inspirational levels and morality
with the opening of their abilities. The aim of transformational leadership will be to
"transform" people and organizations in the literal sense - to change them in mind and
heart to enlarge visions, understand and understand the reasons for clarifying behaviors
that are congruent with values, concepts and bring permanent change, perpetuate
themselves and build momentum.
According to comparison journal II Leadership style according to Davis, Keith.
(1985) is the overall pattern of actions of leaders as perceived by their employees. The
leadership style represents the philosophy, skills, and attitudes of leaders in politics.
There are 3 types of leadership style (leadership style) that greatly affect the effectiveness
of a leader, namely autocratic style, democratic / participatory, and free of control. the
relationship between leadership style with enthusiasm and enthusiasm for work. He also
revealed that an effective leadership style is leadership that is adapted to the situation and
conditions (Contingency). Indications of a decline in enthusiasm and enthusiasm for work
are indicated by high levels of absenteeism and employee movements.

10
B. The advantages and disadvantages of journal content
A. MAIN JOURNAL
1. JOURNAL ADVANTAGE
In this journal use language that is easy to understand so that we become more
understanding of the contents of the journal.
a. The problem stated in the journal is quite clear
b. The research approach in this paper is qualitative-descriptive, where the qualitative
approach has research procedures that produce descriptive data
c. Explanations in the abstract are clearly explained
d. The idea / issue in the journal is quite relevant

2. JOURNAL DISADVANTAGE
a. There are still typographical errors and the use of punctuation that is not right.
b. The systematics of journal writing is not well organized

B. FIRST COMPARISON JOURNAL

1. JOURNAL ADVANTAGE
a. In this journal, an explanation of the philosophy of leadership style is quite
detailed.
b. The research objectives are explained clearly and in accordance with the research
title.
c. The ideas / issues in the journal are quite relevant
d. Conclusions are delivered in a concise, clear and concise manner

2. JOURNAL DISADVANTAGE
a. Treatment in data collection in research is not clearly described.
b. There are a number of incorrect writings and punctuation.
c. In this journal the language is too rigid so that it is difficult to understand, there are
some words which are not readable in its preparation so that the reader must repeat
reading again to understand it.

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 d. There are several sentences that still need explanation in this journal but are not
explained.
e. The number of repetitions varies

C. SECOND COMPARISON JOURNAL

1. JOURNAL ADVANTAGE
a. The abstract presented is clear and can summarize the contents of the journal
well.
b. The data presented regarding the research are complete and well structured.
c. The language used is easy to understand and in accordance with KBBI.

2. JOURNAL DISADVANTAGE
a. The leadership style used in journals, which is autocratic, democratic /
participatory, and free of control, is not explained in detail so as to give rise to
readers' misunderstanding
b. Too much understanding of leadership styles is repeated

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 CHAPTER IV

CLOSE

A. Conclusion
The choice of the right leadership style depends on the situation and the leader's
personality to influence. Knowing and understanding the various types of personality
preferences of a leader, can form the basis of a leadership style that will produce a high
probability of success. This will also help leaders to flex their leadership style precisely
as and when there is a need. It is found that leadership styles do not need to be innate, but
can be developed.

B. Recommendation

For students, lecturers, students, teachers or the public who need the right reference about
learning the leadership style of this journal is very suitable and can be used because the
language is right and easily understood.

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 Bibliography

Deswaraswamy, Nanjun,dkk. 2014 Leadership style. Advances In Management Journal. 7(2) :

57-63

Ruvendi,Ramlan,dkk. 2005. IMBALAN DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN PENGARUHNYA

TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN DI BALAI BESAR INDUSTRI HASIL
PERTANIAN BOGOR. Jurnal Ilmiah Binaniaga. 1 (1) : 17-26

Sethuraman, Kavitha, dkk. 2014. Gaya Kepemimpinan yang efektif. Jurnal Penelitian Bisnis
Internasional. 7(9) : 165-172.

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