Adverbs normally describe VERBS, ADJECTIVES, OTHER ADVERBS or WHOLE SENTENCES.

(In mod normal adverbele descriu verbe, adjective, alte adverbe sau propozitii intregi.)
e.g. She speaks beautifully. (Ea vorbeste frumos.)
She is extremely smart. (Ea este extrem de desteapta.)
They walk incredibly quickly. (Ei merg incredibil de repede.)
Fortunately, they were all alive. (Din fericire, ei erau toti in viata.)
There are six types of adverbs (Exista sase tipuri de adverbe):
Adverbs of manner (how?) formed from adjective + ly (adverbe de mod care raspund la intrebarea cum? si se formeaza
adaugand terminatia -ly la adjectiv):
e.g. He walked carefully. (El a mers cu atentie.) careful (adjectiv) + ly => carefully
Adverbs of place (where?)(adverbe de loc care raspund la intrebarea unde?) e.g. here (aici), there (acolo), near (langa),
somewhere (undeva),etc.:
e.g. He is working here. (El munceste aici.)
Adverbs of time (when?)(adverbe de timp care raspund la intrebarea cand? si se folosesc numai la sfarsit sau inceput de
propozitie) e.g. now (acum), then (atunci), soon (curand), tomorrow (maine), etc.:
e.g. They arrived yesterday. (Ei au sosit ieri.)
Adverbs of degree (how much?/to what extent?) (adverbe de grad care raspund la intrebarile cat de mult?/ in ce masura?) e.g.
extremely (extrem de), quite (destul de),
just (tocmai), very (foarte), too (prea), enough (destul de/ destul), rather (mai degraba/ cam), etc.:
e.g. He was extremely rude. (El a fost extrem de obraznic.)
!!!!!! ATENTIE: cand este adverb, ENOUGH sta dupa adjectiv: e.g. beautiful enough (destul de frumos); cand este un
determinant, ENOUGH sta in fata unui substantiv: e.g.
There are enough apples. (Sunt destule mere.)
Adverbs of frequency (how often?) (adverbe de frecventa care raspund la intrebarea
cat de des?) e.g. sometimes (cateodata), often (adesea), monthly (lunar), yearly (anual), etc.:
e.g. She usually studies in the morning. (Ea invata de obicei dimineata.)
!!! ATENTIE: adverbele de frecventa: often (adesea), rarely (rareori), seldom (rareori), usually (de obicei), frequently
(frecvent), occasionally (ocazional), sometimes (cateodata),
always (intotdeauna) stau in fata verbului DAR DUPA VERBUL TO BE
E.g. She often talks on the phone. (Ea adesea vorbeste la telefon.) / E.g. She is often late. (Ea este adesea in intarziere.)
Attitude adverbs (adverbe de atitudine care exprima atitudinea fata de ceva) e.g.
clearly (clar), honestly (cinstit), obviously (evident): e.g. You’ve obviously eaten too much. (Evident ca ai mancat prea mult.) &
Sentence adverbs (adverbe care descriu intreaga propozitie si care stau de obicei la inceputul sau la finalul propozitiei si sunt
despartite prin virgula) e.g. apparently (aparent), fortunately (din fericire), by the way (apropo), etc.: e.g. Incidentally, I noticed
you looked tired. (Intamplator, am observant ca arati obosit.)
Ordinea adverbelor in propozitie:
(Adv. de timp) + S +Adv.de frecventa + P + Complement Direct + Complement Indirect + Adv. de mod + Adv. de loc + Adv.
de timp (Yesterday) He worked hard in the garden yesterday.
[(Ieri) El a muncit din greu in gradina (ieri).]
S + Adv. de frecventa + P (vb. de miscare) + Adv. de loc + Adv. de mod + Adv. de timp
She usually goes to school on foot in the morning.
(Ea de obicei se duce la scoala pe jos dimineata.)
!!! ATENTIE: daca verbul este de miscare (e.g. go, run, walk, etc.) atunci se pune adverbul de loc inainte de cel de mod.
Adverbs of manner are very flexible and can stay in various positions in the sentence:
(Adverbele de mod sunt foarte flexibile si pot sta in diverse pozitii in propozitie)
- la inceputul propozitiei: Solemnly the minister addressed the congregation. (In mod solemn preotul s-a adresat congregatiei.)
- inainte de verb: The minister solemnly addressed the congregation. (Preotul in mod solemn sa adresat congregatiei.)
- dupa verb si complementul direct: The minister addressed the congregation solemnly. (Preotul s-a adresat congregatiei in mod
solemn.)
Formarea adverbelor: Adverbele de mod se pot forma in felul urmator:
-Adj. + -ly: careful -> carefully (atent - cu atentie)
e.g. It was easy to do it. -> I did it easily. (A fost usor sa fac asta. -> Am facut asta cu usurinta.)
-Adj. + -s: unaware -> unawares (inconstient - in mod inconstient)
e.g. I was unaware of the consequences. -> You caught me unawares. (Am fost inconstient de consecinte. -> M-ai prins
nepregatit.)
-Substantiv + -wise/ -fashion/ -ways/ -style: clockwise (in sensul acelor de ceasornic),
schoolboy-fashion (moda de elev), sideways (pe o parte), cowboy-style (in stil de cowboy)
e.g. Turn the arm clockwise. (Intoarce bratul in sensul acelor de ceas.)
Unele adverbe de frecventa se pot forma in felul urmator:
- Substantiv + -ly: Day -> daily (zilnic)
Fortnight -> fortnightly (din doua in doua saptamani)
Hour -> hourly (din ora in ora)
Month -> monthly (lunar)
Week -> weekly (saptamanal)
Year -> yearly (anual)
e.g. He is paid monthly. (El este platit lunar.)
Unele adverbe de loc se pot forma in felul urmator:
- Substantiv + -wards: home -> homewards (catre casa), west -> westwards (catre vest), south -> southwards (catre sud)
e.g. The window faces southwards. (Ferestrele dau spre sud.)
Alte adverbe:
- Substantiv + -wise: e.g. price -> price-wise (in ceea ce priveste pretul), health -> health-wise
(in ceea ce priveste sanatatea)
!!! Pentru punctele cardinale putem sa punem most dupa adjectiv si obtinem locatia:
southernmost (cel mai din sud), northernmost (cel mai din nord)
Ortografia adverbelor de mod cand adauga -ly:
Adjectivele terminate intr-o consoana + Y schimba pe y in i si adauga ly: - consonant
+ y -> ily: cosy (comod) -> cosily (comod), happy (fericit) -> happily (in mod fericit)
DAR: sly -> slyly (in mod siret), coy -> coyly (in mod rusinos), shy -> shyly (in mod timid)
Adjectivele terminate in –ic adauga –ally: drastic -> drastically (in mod drastic), frantic -> frantically (in mod frenetic)
DAR: public -> publicly (in mod public)
Adjectivele terminate in –le schimba pe –le in –ly: horrible -> horribly (in mod oribil), terrible -> terribly (in mod teribil)
Adjectivele terminate in –e adauga –ly si il pastreaza pe e: scarce -> scarcely (abia)
DAR: whole -> wholly (intreg/ total), true -> truly (cu adevarat), due -> duly (in mod corespunzator) ( aceste adverbe nu il
pastreaza pe e)
Participiile trecute adauga terminatia –edly: learned -> learnedly (invatat)
Adjectivele terminate in –ly (friendly - prietenos, lovely - minunat, motherly - mamos, ugly
- urat, elderly - in varsta, fatherly - tatos, lonely - singur, silly - prostut, etc) formeaza
adverbul cu: in a(n) ... way/manner. (intr-un mod ...)
e.g. She is very friendly with newcomers. (Ea este foarte prietenoasa cu persoanele nou venite.)
a) She behaves in a very friendlyly way with newcomers.
b) She behaves very friendlily with newcomers.
c) She behaves very friendly with newcomers.
d) She behaves in a very friendly manner with newcomers. (Ea se comporta intr-un mod prietenos cu persoanele nou venite.)
Exista unele adjective si adverbe care au aceeasi forma:
e.g. best (cel mai bun), better (mai bine), cold (rece), daily (zilnic), dead (mort), deep (adanc), direct (direct), dirty (murdar),
early (devreme), easy (usor), far (departe), fast (repede), free (liber/ gratis), further (mai departe), hard (greu/ din greu), high
(inalt), hourly (ora de ora), inside (inauntru), kindly (in mod dragut), last (ultim), late (tarziu), long (mult), low (jos), past
(trecut), right (corect), straight (drept), sure (sigur), thick (gros), tight (stramt), well (bine), wide (larg), wrong (gresit), etc.
You were our last (adj) hope. / You came in last (adv). (Tu erai ultima noastra speranta./ Tu ai intrat ultimul.)
This is a fast (adj) car. / The car runs fast (adv). (Aceasta este o masina rapida./ Masina merge repede.)
This is the wrong (adj) answer. / You did me wrong (adv). (Acesta este raspunsul gresit./ Tu mi-ai facut rau.)
!!!!! ADVERBUL lui GOOD este WELL
e.g. She is a good girl. - The girl sings well.
(Ea este o fata buna. - Fata canta bine.)
Adverbe cu doua forme si intelesuri diferite:
English adverbs with two forms are written as those that end in “ly” and those that don’t.
(Adverbele cu doua forme sunt scrise ca cele terminate in -ly si cele care nu sunt terminate in -ly)
e.g. hard versus hardly
“We work hard during the summer.” (Noi muncim din greu in timpul verii.)
Hard este adverb de mod, arata faptul ca actiunea cere mult efort si se foloseste NUMAI DUPA VERB.
“We hardly work during the summer.” (Noi abia muncim in timpul verii.)
Hardly este adverb de frecventa sau grad, arata cat de mult sau cat de des se face actiunea si sta NUMAI IN FATA VERBULUI.
high versus highly
“John is flying high at his new job.” (Lui John ii merge foarte bine la noua lui slujba.)/ "He threw the stone high in the sky." (El
a aruncat piatra sus in cer.)
High este adverb de mod care arata cum ii merge lui John sau in al doilea caz arata locatia si este adverb de loc.
“Since starting the new project, the staff have been highly motivated.” (De cand a inceput noul proiect, personalul este foarte
motivat.)
Highly este adverb de grad si arata cat de motivat este personalul.
fine versus finely
“He is doing fine in his new job.” (Lui ii merge bine la noua slujba.)
Fine este adverb de mod si arata cum ii merge cuiva.
“You need to finely detail the contract.” (Tu trebuie sa detaliezi contractul in amanuntime.)
Finely este adverb de grad si arata ca trebuie mult detaliu pentru contract.
late versus lately
“I hate it when people arrive late.” (Urasc cand oamenii sosesc tarziu.)
Late este adverb de timp si arata ca ceva se intampla tarziu.
“What have you been doing lately?” (Ce ai mai facut in ultimul timp?)
Lately este de asemenea un adverb de timp, dar inseamna in ultimul timp.
most versus mostly
“What do you like most about working here?” (Ce iti place cel mai mult in legatura cu munca aici?)
Most este adverb de grad si exprima ce este cel mai bun din ceva.
“He has lived in many countries, but mostly in Europe.” (El a locuit in multe tari, dar mai ales in Europa.)
Mostly inseamna mai ales/ in general/ pentru cea mai mare parte.
sure versus surely
“Can you come with me to the party?” “Sure I can!” (Poti veni cu mine la petrecere? Sigur ca pot.)
Sure este un adverb folosit pentru a arata ca da, esti de acord cu ceva.
“Surely you can see that this is a bad idea.” (Cu siguranta poti sa vezi ca asta este o idee proasta.)
Surely comenteaza asupra unei situatii si se foloseste pentru a spune ca ceva este evident.
wide versus widely
“Could you tell me why the door to my office is wide open?” (Poti sa imi spui de ce usa biroului meu este larg deschisa?)
Wide arata gradul.
“I am lucky enough to have widely travelled throughout Asia.” (Sunt destul de norocos sa fi calatorit pe scara larga/ extins/
foarte mult prin Asia.)
Widely este adverb de grad si arata cat de mult.
wrong versus wrongly
“This year started well, but then it all went wrong.” (Anul acesta a inceput bine dar apoi totul a mers gresit.)
Wrong este adverb de grad si sugereaza ca ceva rau/ gresit s-a intamplat sis e pune numai dupa verb.
“I apologise. I wrongly accused you of being lazy.” (Imi cer scuze. Te-am acuzat pe nedrept ca esti lenes.)
Wrongly este adverb de mod si inseamna din greseala/ pe nedrept si se pune numai in fata verbului.
free versus freely
“He walked free from the courtroom.” (El a iesit liber de la curtea de justitie.)/ "We entered the disco free. (Noi am intrat la
discoteca pe gratis.)
Free este adverb de mod si arata ca cineva este liber si nu e restrictionat in nici un fel sau ca ceva este gratis.
“She married him freely.” (Ea s-a maritat cu el de buna voie.)/ He moved freely in the room.
(El s-a miscat nerestrictionat prin camera.)
Freely este de asemenea un adverb de mod si arata ca cineva face ceva de buna voie sau fara probleme, nerestrictionat.
deep versus deeply
“He took the ring deep into the Misty Mountains.” (El a dus inelul adanc in Muntii Cetosi.)
Deep este adverb de loc si arata ca ceva este undeva intr-un loc adanc.
“I am deeply in love with him.” (Sunt extrem de indragostita de el.) Deeply este adverb de grad si inseamna foarte, extrem de.
easy versus easily
"Take it easy." (Ia-o usor.) Easy este adverb de mod si arata ca ceva trebuie facut usor sau incet.
"I did it easily." (Am facut asta cu usurinta.) Easily este tot adverb de mod , dar arata ca ceva este facut fara dificultate.
direct versus directly
"We flew direct to Paris." (Noi am zburat la Paris direct, fara escala.) Direct este adverb de mod si arata ca o calatorie este
facuta fara escale.
"I’ll be there directly." (Voi fi acolo imediat.)/ You’ll be directly responsible for him. (Vei fi raspunzator in mod direct pentru
el.) Directly este tot adverb de mod si inseamna imediat sau in mod direct, fara altcineva care sa interfereze.
full versus fully
"You know full well I don’t like this." (Sti foarte bine ca nu imi place asta.) Full este adveb de grad si inseamna foarte, total.
"I am fully aware of the consequences." (Sunt total constient de consecinte.) Fully este adverb de mod si inseamna complet,
total.
last versus lastly
"He came last in the race." (El a iesit ultimul din cursa.) Last este adverb de mod si arata ca ceva este facut dupa toate celelalte/
toti ceilalti.
"Lastly, I’d like to say that we have the final results." (In sfarsit, as vrea sa spun ca avem rezultatele finale.)
Lastly inseamna in sfarsit se refera la toata situatia.
near versus nearly
"That was a near miss." (Am scapat ca prin urechile acului. / Aproape ca m-a prins.) Near inseamna aproape si arata ca ceva este
evitat in ultima secunda.
"He nearly killed the bird." (El aproape ca a ucis pasarea.) Nearly este adverb de mod si arata cat de aproape era actiunea de a fi
facuta.
pretty versus prettily
"You know pretty well why I don’t like you." (Stii destul de bine de ce nu te plac.) Pretty inseamna destul de.
"She dresses prettily." (Ea se imbraca dragut/ frumos.) Prettily arata ca ceva este facut in mod frumos.
short versus shortly
"He stopped short./The arrow fell short of its target./ He caught me short./ He cut the meeting short./ He cut me short during the
meeting." (El s-a oprit deodata./ Sageata a cazut departe de tinta./ El m-a prins nepregatit./ El a scurtat intalnirea./ El m-a
intrerupt in timpul intalnirii.) Short inseamna deodata/ abrupt, departe de tinta, nepregatit, scurt, din scurt/ intrerupt.
"I’ll see you shortly." (Te voi vedea in curand.) Shortly este adverb de timp si inseamna in curand.
sharp versus sharply
"Be there at 5 o’clock sharp." (Fi acolo la 5 fix.) Sharp se foloseste pentru a exprima ore fixe.
"He addressed me sharply." (El mi s-a adresat intr-un ton/ mod dur.) Sharply este adverb de mod si inseamna intr-un ton dur.
close versus closely
"He came close to winning." (El aproape ca a castigat.) Close se foloseste pentru a arata ca actiunea aproape ca s-a intamplat.
"The teacher watched the pupils closely." (Profesorul a urmarit elevii cu atentie.) Closely este adverb de mod si inseamna ca
ceva este facut cu atentie marita.
right versus rightly
"Turn right at the crossroads./Try to do it right this time!" (Ia-o la dreapta la intersectie./ Incearca sa faci asta corect de data
aceasta.) Right arata directia (la dreapta) sau ca actiunea este facuta in mod corect.
"The tribunal rightly condemned the criminal." (Tribunalul l-a condamnat pe criminal pe drept.)
Rightly este adverb de mod si arata ca ceva a fost facut in mod corect/ pe drep in opinia vorbitorului.
e.g.
They work ... for their money. (Ei muncesc din greu pentru banii lor.)
a) hardly
b) hard
c) hardlier
d) very hardly
The coach watched the swimmers ... . (Antrenorul i-a urmarit pe inotatori cu atentie.)
a) close
b) closely
c) more close
d) closerly
The spring went ... under the mountain. (Izvorul curgea adinc sub munte.)
a) Deeply
b) Deep
c) Deeperly
d) More deeply
!!!!! Adverbele au grade de comparatie la fel ca adjectivele:
!!!! ATENTIE: adjectivele monosilabice devin adverbe plurisilabice atunci cand se adauga terminatia -ly si prin urmare fac
comparativul de superioritate si superlativul relativ ca
adverbele plurisilabice:
e.g. adj. easy -> easier -> the easiest: This is the easiest task. (Aceasta este cea mai usoara insarcinare.)
adv. easily -> more easily -> the most easily: I did this more easily. (Am facut asta mai usor/ cu mai mare usurinta.)
Comparatia unor adverbe neregulate
Pozitiv Comparativ de superioritate Superlativ relativ
Badly worse the worst
Well better the best
Little less/ lesser the least
Far farther/ further the farthest/ the furthest
Much more the most
QUITE
inseamna complet (folosit cu: full, empty, finished, wrong, right, sure, certain, ready, etc): e.g. The bottle was quite empty.
(Sticla era complet goala.)
insemana mai putin decat - less than: e.g. The play was quite good. (= moderately good) (Piesa a fost moderat de buna.)
folosit in comentarii favorabile: e.g. He's quite good at Maths. (El este chiar bun la matematica.)
!!! ATENTIE la scriere: QUITE (chiar) si QUIET (liniste)
RATHER
folosit pentru a arata dezaprobare: e.g. The tea is rather hot. (too hot for the person who drinks it) (Ceaiul este cam fierbinte. -
prea fierbinte pentru a-l bea)
folosit in comentarii defavorabile: e.g. She is rather bad at Maths. (Ea nu prea e buna la matematica.)
folosit cu sensul "to an unusual degree" (intr-un grad neobisnuit): e.g. The meeting
was rather interesting. (Intalnirea a fost mai interesanta decat m-am asteptat/
interesanta intr-un grad neobisnuit.)
folosit cu comparatii: e.g. She's rather taller than me. (Ea este mai inalta decat mine.)
folosit cu sensul "foarte": e.g. She is rather clever. (Ea este foarte desteapta.) –
folosit cu: good, well, pretty, clever, amusing, etc.
PRETTY este folosit pentru a arata neutralitatea: e.g. The tea is pretty hot. (Ceaiul este fierbinte.)
FAIRLY este folosit cu: good, nice, well folosit pentru a exprima un compliment mai mic decat cel exprimat cu
quite: e.g. “How is her English?” (Cum este engleza ei?)
“Excellent” – very complimentary (Excelenta.)
“Good” – neutral (Buna.)
“Quite good” – complimentary (Chiar buna.)
“Fairly good” – less complimentary (Destul de buna.)
LIKE se foloseste:
pentru similaritati: e.g. He works like a mule. (He isn't a mule.) (El munceste ca un catar. - dar nu este un catar)
se foloseste dupa: feel, look, smell, sound + noun: e.g. He looks like his father. (El arata ca tatal lui.)
se foloseste cu substantive, pronume sau verbe cu -ing pentru a exprima similaritati: e.g. You look just like your Mum. (Arati
exact ca mama ta.)/ It's like walking on air. (E ca atunci cand mergi prin aer.)/ This fish tastes just like chicken. (Pestele asta are
gust de pui.)
AS se foloseste:
pentru a arata ce face cineva in realitate ca slujba sau ce rol au: e.g. He works as a teacher. (El munceste ca profesor. - este
profesor) in expresii: as usual (ca de obicei), as ... as (asa ... ca), as much (atat), such as (cum
ar fi), the same as (la fel ca): e.g. You're late as usual. (Ai intarziat ca de obicei.)
dupa verbele: accept, be known, class, describe, refer to, regard, use: e.g. He's regarded as an expert on music. (El e privit ca
expert in muzica.)
cu sensul "IN THE WAY THAT" (in felul in care): e.g. You must write the poem as she has shown you. (Trebuie sa scrii poezia
in felul in care ea ti-a aratat.)