Lesson 2: Changes in Solid Materials

Lesson objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

a) describe changes in solid materials

when they are bent, pressed,
hammered, or cut;
b) apply student’s understanding
through an activity; and
c) appreciate the importance of
changes in solid materials.

GET READY!!

In chapter 2, you have learned about the things that

are biodegradable. A change happened to them. Some
changes may be harmful but others may be useful to
mankind. Materials undergo different changes. Learn more
about these different changes.

In your science book on page 67 (Let’s get ready), do the activity. Learn how to
make a heart out of paper. Let’s make an origami!
Note: Take a video of you doing the activity and upload it in our group chat.

Did you know that Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding?

Questions:
1. Do you think there are changes happened in the paper?
____________________________________________________
2. What do you think are the changes?
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 LET’S LEARN!!

What happened to the paper you folded?

How did it change? the change is called
Physical Change.

Now, open your science book on page 68

(Let’s learn), read the whole meaning of
physical change and take a look at some
more examples of physical change.

Physical changes happen when the materials are bent, pressed,

hammered or cut.

What happens to the solid when they are bent? To find out, let’s do the activity
found below.

Activity 1: Solid Materials When Bent

Instructions: Do the following procedures.

a) Prepare the materials needed in this activity: 2 pcs of
soft ruler, electric wire (12 inches long), paper clip,
metal spoon (used for eating), and 1 pair of rubber
slippers.
b) Bend each of the given solid materials. Observe and
describe what happens to each material.
c) Record your observation in the table below and answer
the following questions next to it.

Materials What happened to the material when bent?

Plastic ruler

Tire wire
 Paper clip

Metal spoon

Rubber slippers

Questions:
1. What happened to the solid materials when they are bent?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Was a new material formed when solid material was bent?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What characteristics of solid were evident in this experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Remember these:

 Solid materials can be bent. When bent, these materials may change
their size and shape. No new material is formed. Only the physical
appearance of the materials is changed.
 Bending of solid materials is applied in the situation like: bending of
steel bars/iron industry, etc.

What do you think will happen to the solid materials when pressed? To know,
let’s do the next activity.
Activity 2: Solid Materials When Pressed

Instructions: Do the following procedures.

a) Prepare the materials needed in this activity: 1 piece of
banana, pandesal, clean plastic sheet, modelling clay,
small wood, empty glass/bottle, large stone, and ¼ kilo
dough (do this ahead of time)
b) Using the piece of wood or empty glass bottle or large
stone, press of each given materials.
c) Record your observation in the chart below and answer
the following questions next it.

Materials What happened to the material when pressed?

Modelling clay

Plastic cup

Pandesal

Dough

Banana

Questions:
1. What happened to the solid materials when they are pressed?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Was a new material formed when solid material was bent?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What characteristics of solid were evident in this experiment?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Remember this:

 Solid materials can be pressed. When pressed, these materials may

change their size and shape. Other solid materials may also change
their texture when pressed. However, no new material is formed
because only the physical appearance of the materials is changed.

Now, what happens when the solid materials are hammered? To know, let’s do
the activity below.

Activity 3: Solid Materials When Hammered

Instruction: do the following procedures.

d) Prepare the materials needed in this activity: 1 piece of
block of wood, empty tin can (lata), hollow block, small
sheet of galvanized iron, and hammer.
e) Hammer each of the given materials. Observe what
happens.
f) Record your observation in the table found below and
answer the questions next to it.
Caution: Be careful in handling the materials. Do not play
with the materials.

Materials What happened to the material when hammered?

 Block of wood

Empty tin can (lata)

Piece of hallow block

Sheet of galvanized
iron

Questions:
1. What happened to the solid materials when they were hammered?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Was a new material formed when solid material was hammered?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Explain the phases of each material underwent as hammering was applied.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Remember these:

 A hammer is a hand tool usually consist of a solid head held on the end
of the handle. It is use for beating/striking or pounding
materials/objects.
 Solid materials can be hammered. When hammered, these materials
may change their size and shape, and even the texture. However, no
new materials were formed because only the physical appearance of
materials is changed.

What happens to the solid materials when they are cut? To know, let’s do the
next activity below.

Activity 3: Solid Materials When Cut

Instruction: do the following procedures.

a) Prepare the materials needed in the activity: 1 piece of
used paper (any kind of paper), small cardboard (any
karton), used cloth (any kind), pair of scissors, 2 pieces
of candy wrapper, and leaves.
b) Using the scissors, cut each of the given materials.
Observe what happens to the material.
c) Record your observation in the table below and answer
the questions next to it.

Materials What happened to the material when cut?

Piece of paper

Piece of cardboard
(karton)

Candy wrapper
 Leaves

Piece of cloth
Banana

Questions:
1. Describe what happen to solid materials when they are cut.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Was there a new material formed when the solid material was cut?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Remember these:

 Solid materials can be cut. When cut, these materials may change their
size and shape, but no new material is formed. Hence, only the
physical appearance of the solid materials is changed when cut.
 Not all the materials can be cut using simple scissors. Some solid
materials, like iron, steel, etc., can be cut using sophisticated cutters
(i.e. metal cutters/machine cutters.

Activity 4: Think and Do

Instructions: Do the activity on your science book (Changing Changes) on pages 70-71.
Write your answers on the next page.
 CHANGING CHANGES
Hypothesis: When materials or matter are _______________, _________________,
________________, _____________________, ___________________.

Objects What physical changes What caused this

happened? physical change?

1. candy

2. rubber band

3. paper clip

4. clay

5. paper

6. ice cubes

Questions:
1. What are the physical changes that occurred?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What did you do to the objects that made them changed physically?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:
A physical change happens when matter is ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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 LET’S REMEMBER!!

 A physical change can happen when a material is bent,

hammered, pressed, or cut.
 A change in the state of the materials is also a physical
change.
 Example: when ice melts, when water freezes
 A physical change is a change in the physical properties of a
substance like its size, shape, or state.

RATE YOURSELF!!
A. Identification
Instructions: Put a check on the blank before the number if it shows a physical
change and a cross if it does not.
_____ 1. A cake is cut and divided into eight equal parts.

_____ 2. A glass window pane is hit by a baseball and is broken into pieces.
_____ 3. The newspaper gets burned and turns into ashes.
_____ 4. A sandwich grows molds and get spoiled.
_____ 5. A balloon is blown and become bigger.
B. Essay
Instructions: Read the situation below and answer the question based from what
you have learned.
Criteria: Content (5 pts.), grammar (3 pts.), and neatness (2 pts).
Mrs. Martinez will sew a new hijab for her daughter for World’s Hijab Day. She cuts the
blue cloth she bought. Is this a physical change? Explain.
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 REFERENCES:
Milagrosa M. Lucas (2019) The Amazing World of Science, revised edition 4 (pages 66-
72) Manila: Don Bosco Press, Inc.

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Parent/Guardian’s Signature Over Printed Name