Technolo 1

gy
GUIDED BY:- SEMINAR BY:-
VYSHAKH A P SANJUSH S
ASST PROFF
DEPT OF EEE S8 EEE
AIT PALAKKAD
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WIFI
& it’s

Problems
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 From using wireless internet in a coffee shop or stealing it from the guy
next door to competing for bandwidth at a conference, the most probable
cause of frustration is the decreasing speed due to more than one device
being are tapped into the network.

 If we have a limited internet plan, say for example 5GB for 30days, then
we have to make sure that that our network isn’t being used by someone
else( i.e. We have to password protect our network, thereby preventing
unauthorized extra usage).

 The radio waves used for transmitting data in WIFI networks has
detrimental impact on human health.
Introducti 4

on
to

LIFI
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 Light Fidelity: And this technology is called“Light Fidelity”, popularly
know as LIFI

 Data Through Illumination: A German physicist, Dr. Harald Haas, has

come up with a solution to address the problems with WIFI networks, he
calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics by
sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than
the human eye can follow.

 5G Visible Light Communication, Technology: LI-FI is 5G Visible Light

Communication, Technology.

 The light from light emitting diodes (LED’s) is used as medium to

deliver networked, mobile, high speed communication:
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Developm
ent team
 Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communication (VLC), technology developed by a team of
7
Dr. Gordon Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr.
scientists including
Mostafa Afgani at the University of Edinburgh.

Prof. Harald Haas

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History
 Professor Harald Haas, from the University of
9
Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the
original founder of Li-Fi. He coined the term Li-Fi
and is Chairman of Mobile Communications at the
University of Edinburgh and co-founder of pure
LiFi.

 The general term visible light communication

(VLC), includes any use of the visible light portion
of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit
information.

 The D-Light project at Edinburgh's Institute for

Digital Communications was funded from January
2010 to January 2012.
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 Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED Global talk
and helped start a company to market it.

 In October 2011, companies and industry groups formed the

Li-Fi Consortium, to promote high-speed optical wireless
systems and to overcome the limited amount of radio-based
wireless spectrum available by exploiting a completely
different part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

 VLC technology was exhibited in 2012 using Li-Fi.

 By August 2013, data rates of over 1.6 Gbit/s were demonstrated over a
11
single color LED.

 In October 2013, it was reported Chinese manufacturers were working on

Li-Fi development kits.

 Philips lighting company has developed a VLC system for shoppers at

stores. They have to download an app on their smartphone and then their
smartphone works with the LEDs in the store.
 Why
12

LIFI....?
Present Scenario 13

More than 1.8 Million More than 338 Million

Issues Regarding Radio Spectrum 14

Capacity Availability

Efficiency Security
Different Electromagnetic Spectrums and 15

their potential

Radio Waves Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X Rays Gamma Rays

In sufficient
Low power It is not
spectrum Dangerous
application used
for for human
generally
increasing body
data Which is
not used Used for
so far. hospitals
and
security
checking
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How LIFI
works?
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 White LED light bulbs: Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light 18
bulbs at the downlink transmitter which is normally used for illumination only
by applying a constant current.
 Optical output is varied at extremely high speed: The LEDs can be 19
switched on and off very quickly which gives nice opportunity for data
transfer in the form of Binary code. Hence, by fast and subtle variations of
the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high
speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup.

 Operational Procedure: The operational procedure is very simple-, if the

LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it’s off you transmit a 0.

 Hence it is possible to encode the data into the LED’s by using a encoders
,we just have to vary at which LED’s flicker depending on the data we
want to encode to give different strings of 0’s and 1’s.

 UK researches say that using a micro-LED light bulb they have achieved a
data transmission speed of 10Gbps using LI-FI.
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Non technical Perspective 21

 10,000 times as broad a spectrum as the radio frequencies which Wi-Fi uses.

 Light bulbs are made to flicker at extremely high speed that human eye
can’t detect.
Properties of LIFI 22

 Light-based Wi-Fi: LIFI uses light instead of radio waves to transmit

information. And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiver-
fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive
information. Since simple light bulbs are used, there can technically be any
number of access points.

 Unutilized electromagnetic spectrum is used: This technology uses a

part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly utilized.

 No major ill effect: Light is in fact very much part of our lives for
millions and millions of years and does not have any major ill effect.
Components of
23

a LIFI

Communicatio
n System
 Source 24

A high brightness white LED, acts as a communication source It’s guided by the
PCB and powered by PA and is enclosed in an aluminum enclosure.

 Bulb: The high concentration of energy in the electric field vaporizes the
contents of the bulb to a plasma state at the bulb’s center; this controlled
plasma generates an intense source of light.

 RF power amplifier circuit (PA): An RF (radio-frequency) signal is

generated by the solid-state PA(Power Amplifier) and is guided into an
electric field about the bulb.
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 Printed circuit board (PCB): The PCB controls the electrical inputs
and outputs of the lamp and houses the microcontroller used to manage
different lamp functions.

 Enclosure: All of these subassemblies are contained in an aluminum

enclosure
Receiver 26

 A Silicon photodiode, which shows good response to visible wavelength

region serving as the receiving element.
Properties of Silicon Photodiode 27

 A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into current.

The current is generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode.

 Silicon photodiodes manufactured to cover a broad spectral range from the

near infrared to ultraviolet and even to high-energy regions.

 They also feature high-speed response, high sensitivity and low noise.
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 Silicon photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications including
medical and analytical fields, scientific measurements, optical
communications and general electronic products.

 Silicon photodiodes are available in various packages such as metal,

ceramic and plastic packages as well as in surface mount types.
 LIFI
29

Networks
LIFI Network 30

 A few additional features required to provide the same qualities as an

RF-based wireless network: A wireless local area network based on Li-Fi
technology needs some additional features to provide the same qualities as
an RF-based wireless network, without losing the main advantages Li-Fi
technology is able to provide.

 The missing links for a fully developed Li-Fi WLAN are elaborated in the
next few slides
The Li-Fi room connector 31

 Optical signals can’t penetrate walls.

 Li-Fi room connector is a replicator who sends the data stream from
one side of the wall to the other side of the wall via an optical fibre
cables.
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The LIFI Router 33

 Serves as connection to the external link:

The Li-Fi router is the networks connection
to the external link (fibre optic cable, DSL,
GigE, etc.).

 Useful for small office or home use with

cloud & server functions: The application is
mainly useful for small office or home use
with cloud & server functions.

 The product is however developed to a

proof-of-concept stage.
Technical 34

Comparis
on
LIFI AND OTHER LEADING NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY
Technology Speed Data Density 35
Wired
Fire Wire 800Mbps *****
USB 3.0 5 Gbps *****
Thunderbolt 2x 10Gbps *****
Wireless(Current)
WIFI (IEEE 802.11N) 150 Mbps *
Bluetooth 3 Mbps *
IrDA 4 Mbps ***
Wireless(Future)
Wi-Gig 2 Gbps **
Giga-IR 1Gbps ***
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Applicati 37

ons
of

LIFI
Hospitals 38
Hospitals 39

 Places where Wi-Fi isn’t allowed due to radiation concerns: LIFI can
be used in operating rooms where Wi-Fi isn’t allowed due to radiation
concerns.

 In invasive bio medical instruments: It may also be used in invasive bio

medical instruments where it’s not safe to use other radio frequencies.
Avoidance of Street Accidents 40
In Vehicles and Traffic Lights 41

 Avoidance of Accidents:
 LIFI is sensors can be implanted in street lights, possible sending
your car info about road conditions other warnings: One of the
smartest application of LIFI is sensors can be implanted in street lights,
possible sending your car info about road conditions, warning you
about the guy you can’t see speeding towards the intersection, or
instantly transmitting his plate number to the cops when he does.

 Sensors implanted in front and rear bumpers could receive data

transmitted from rear lights of other car:
Offices 42
Offices 43

 Alternative to Optical Fibres: A common problem within offices is that

fiber optic cable can’t afforded yet high speed internet is required. Li-Fi
cheaply solves the office Internet woes and adds a layer of security to boot.

 100 Mbps connections.

 Encoded Transmissions: Plus, added encoded transmissions.

Web Access in Flights 44
Lecture Halls 45
Lecture Halls/ Seminars 46

 Downloading notes from blogs of respective teachers: Often we

encounter teachers telling us to download lecture notes from their blog in
my time. With LIFI the notes could be downloaded by the students in the
hall itself, so that they could follow along as the lecture progressed.
 Interactive classroom with interconnected devices: Imagine how
interactive the classroom could be with real-time interconnectivity
between 500 devices.
 Sharing questions not only with teachers but the entire class: Sharing
questions with not only the teacher but the entire class, and no one need be
left behind.
Incorporation of LIFI Sensors in Light 47

Posts
Incorporation of LIFI Sensors in Light 48

Posts
 News Updates

 Updates about Natural Calamity

 Emergency Communication in Subway stations and tunnels, and

other common dead zones

 Cheap high-speed Web access to every street corner

Smart Museums 49
Smart Museums 50

 Deliver much more information on pieces in their collection than those

tiny cards they paste.

 Learn about the artist’s history, listen to an audio tour, peruse recent
auctions of their work, etc….
CONCLUSION 51

The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If

this technology can be put into practical use , every bulb can be used
something like a Li-Fi hotspots to transmit wireless data.
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