SSUET/QR/114

Opto Electronics [EE-473] Lab Manual

Laboratory Exercise 06

Objective

Generation or Modulation PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) signal through Optical

components.

Theory

PAM is the simplest form of the pulse modulations. This technique of modulation consists to the
variation of the amplitude of each pulse according to the instantaneous amplitude of the
analogical modulating signal. In this system, continuous waves are sampled with regular
intervals of time. Information and synchronization signal are transmitted only to the sampling
periods. At the end of reception, the original forms of information and synchronization signal can
be reconstituted from information concerning samples. According to Shannon’s theorem, the
sampling period must be higher or equal of two times the period of the (useful) signal. Carrier
signal is digital. When applying both signals (useful and carrier) at the inputs of the modulator,
we obtain at its output the modulated signal (PAM).

Software Tool

Proteus 8

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
 SSUET/QR/114

Opto Electronics [EE-473] Lab Manual

Circuit Diagram

Observation

Modulating Modulate Modulated

Modulating signal Modulated d signal
signal Frequency signal signal Frequency
S. No.
Amplitude (Hz) Amplitude Time (Hz)
(V) (V) Period
(msec)
1 2 100 1.95 10 1/10m=100
2 3 300 2.95 3 1/3m=333.33
3 4 500 3.90 2 1/2m=500
4 5 700 4.80 1.5 1/1.5m=666.66
5 6 900 5.80 1 1/1m=1000

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
 SSUET/QR/114

Opto Electronics [EE-473] Lab Manual

Result

In this lab, we modulated PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) signal through Optical components
and observe its output amplitude and frequency.

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY