Melaku Michael (ethiomelaku2)

The Cell and Cell Transport Essential Questions

The Cell

1. Distinguish between

· a prokaryote and a eukaryote.

A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus and a eukaryotic cell does

have a nucleus.

· a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism

A unicellular organism has very few organs and also organ

systems and a multicellular organism has many organs and a
full organ system.

2. State all parts of the Cell theory.

1. all known living things are made up of cells.

2. the cell is structural & functional unit of all living things.
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
(Spontaneous Generation does not occur).
4. cells contains hereditary information which is passed from
cell to cell during cell division.
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
6. all energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs
within cells.

3. Draw the following chart and fill it in:

CELL FUNCTIONS FOUND IN: FOUND IN:

ORGANELLE
Plant or Prokaryotic or
Animal? Eukaryotic?
CELL WALL Protection Animal Eukaryotic
CENTRIOLES Food supply Plant Eukaryotic
CHLOROPLASTS Plant energy Plant Eukaryotic
producer
CILIA Make Both Eukaryotic
proteins
CYTOPLASM Plant energy Plant Eukaryotic
producer
ENDOPLASMIC Food supply Plant Eukaryotic
RETICULUM
FLAGELLA Plant energy Plant Eukaryotic
producer
GOLGI BODIES Protection Animal Eukaryotic
LYSOSOMES Make Both Eukaryotic
proteins
MITOCHONDRIA Food supply Plant Eukaryotic
NUCLEOLUS Plant energy Plant Eukaryotic
producer
NUCLEUS Protection Animal Eukaryotic
PLASMA Food supply Plant Eukaryotic
MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES Make Both Eukaryotic
proteins
VACUOLES Protection Animal Eukaryotic

4. Distinguish between

a. a SEM and a TEM

1. A sem is a Scanning Electron Microscope and a Tem is a

Transmission Electron Microscope

b. a compound light microscope and a stereomicroscope

A compound light microscope is a microscope that can not go

into as much detail into magnification as the stereomicroscope.

c. magnification and resolution

Magnification is how much the item s being viewed at and

resolution is the picture quality.

5. Identify the functions of the following parts of a microscope:

a. Objectives- the object that you are viewing.

b. Diaphragm- The lens at the bottom of the microscope.

c. Coarse adjustment- The large adjuster.

d. Fine adjustment- the small adjuster.

6. Describe the process of microscope magnification including:

a. total magnification- Is he magnification multiplied by the eye

piece power.

b. specimen measurement- this is the size of the specimen.

Cell Transport

1. Define homeostasis.

When internal and external temperatures are the same.

2. Give an example of a homeostatic mechanism in a unicellular

organism. Explain how it works.

When Osmosis is stopped because of the same amount of fluid

on each side.

3. Give an example of a homeostatic mechanism in a multicellular

organism. Explain how it works.

When Osmosis is stopped because of the same amount of fluid

on each side.

4. Define diffusion and osmosis. Create a graphic organizer to

compare and contrast them.

Diffusion is when something is diffusing and Osmosis is dealing

with water.

6. Distinguish between active and passive transport. List examples of

each type.
Passive transport dos not require energy and active transport
does require energy.

8. Create a chart like the one below. Compare the reaction of plant
and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations.
Include sketches.

Plant cells Animal cells

Isotonic Nothing Nothing
Hypotonic Burst Burst
Hypertonic Squeeze Squeeze

10. Sketch a picture of and describe the processes of pinocytosis and

phagocytosis. Under your sketch/description write the following
statement and fill in the blank: “Both of these processes are a form of
homeostasis"