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Physical quantities :
Identify and classify the physical quantities below into base quantity & derived quantity
A lorry with mass 3000 kg carried boxes of refrigerated fishes at the temperature of 0 0 C. The weight of
each boxes is 300 N. The lorry started it’s journey with the velocity 40 kmh –1 dan accelerated at 10 kmh-2.
The distance travelled was 240 km and time taken was 4 hours.
Base quantity :
Derived quantity :
Density
Acceleration a
Force F
Pressure P
Work W
Power P
Scientific Notation
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4 700 g kg 8 800 g kg
560 000 m km 670 000 m km
328 000 000 s Ms 670 000 m Mm
0.000 000 913 s s 0.000 006 3 s s
0.004 m cm 0.000 006 3 s ms
110 A kA 22.5 g kg
250 g hg 105.6 M Hz Hz
Convert :
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Conversion of units
T G M k h da d c m n p
3.3 Mm converted to m
= 3.3 x10 6-(-6) m
= 3.3 x 10 12 m
T G M k h da d c m n p
7.5 cg converted to Gg
= 7.5 x10 –2 -(9) Gg
= 7.5 x 10 -11 Gg
Convert :
1. (a) 4.56 Tm to nm (e) 4 x 10 2 cm to pm
(b) 3 x 10 –4 cm to Gm (f) 73 kg to mg
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Examples:
Calculate the area of rectangular. State your answers in
1. (a) cm2 (b) m2
20 cm
40 cm
4. Convert
(a) 36 km h-1 to ms-1 5. 1 g cm-3 to kgm-3
Questions
Convert the following quantities to the units given .
(a) 0.25 mm2 = (e) 0.25 g cm-3 =
m2 kgm-3
(b) 150 mm 3
= (f) 180 kg m -3
=
m3 gcm-3
(c) 0.062 cm 2
= (g) 72 km h -1
=
m2 ms-1
(d) 1 500 cm3 = (h) 15 ms-1 =
m3 km h-1
Activity 1
Tick at the appropriate cell.
Event Requires Requires both
magnitude magnitude and
only direction
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Activity 2
The diagram shows the path taken by an athlete running from the starting point P to the finishing point U.
Q R N (a) Measure and calculate the total distance traveled by the athlete?
S T
1 cm : 400 m
Scalar quantity is …………………………………… A vector quantity is ………………………………
………………………………………………….......... …………………………………………………..........
Question
1. Classify the following quantities into vectors and scalars.
Speed, velocity, weight, mass, energy, momentum, temperature, time, density, pressure, force,
acceleration, power, electric current, work
Scalar quantities Vector quantities
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(a) ……………………………………………..
(b) ……………………………….………………..
(c) ……………………………………..
3. What is the value of the vernier calipers reading ? 4. Write down the readings for (a) and (b)
Without object
With object
Without object
With object
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Without object
Without object
With object
With object
Activity 1
Apparatus and materials : micrometer screw gauge, vernier calipers, metre rule, beaker (500 ml),
stopwatch, boiling tube, thermometer, plastic ruler, 50 sen coin
Procedure :
1. Choose an appropriate instrument to measure each of the following measurement as shown in
table below.
2. Record your measurement in the space provided for each item.
Physical quantity Instrument used Reading
1. The height of the laboratory table
2. The width of the physics text book
3. The thickness of the physics text book
4. The thickness of a 50 sen coin
5. The external diameter of a boiling tube
6. The internal diameter of a test tube
7. The temperature of a beaker of tap water
8. The time taken for a piece of eraser to drop
from a height that equals to the height if the
person who drops it
9. Thickness of a plastic ruler
What is the smallest magnitude of quantity which can be detected by each of the
following instrument in the table below?
Instrument Smallest magnitude of quantity
Metre rule
Vernier calipers
Micrometer screw gauge
Thermometer
Stopwatch
Questions
1. What is the reading of the micometer screw gauge below?
A. 0.495 cm
B. 0.455 cm
C. 0.450 cm
D. 0.445 cm
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2.
metal
Johari uses the vernier callipers to measure the thickness of a piece of metal.
(i) What is the function of the part labeled X?
(ii) What is the zero error shown by the vernier callipers?
(iii) What is the thickness of the metal ?
A + 0.04 cm B - 0.04 cm
C + 0.06 cm D - 0.06 cm
A 3.17 cm B 3.08 cm
C 2.18 cm C 2.07 cm
1. The diagram shows the distribution of gunshots. Use the words accurate, not accurate, consistent and
not consistent in your description. Explain your answer.
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Target
Consistency
Explanation
Accuracy
Explanation
2. The diameter of a pipe is measured four times and the values of the measurement are 3.51 cm, 3.50 cm,
3.53 cm and 3.51 cm. If the actual value of the diameter is 3.31 cm, comment on the consistency and
accuracy of the measurement. Explain your answer.
(a) (i) Consistency :…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Explanation :…………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) (i) Accuracy :…………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Explanation :…………………………………………………………………………………….
Consistency : Accuracy :
1.4.3 Sensitivity
1. Sensitivity is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.
Measuring Instrument Smallest scale division (cm) Sensitivity
Measuring tape
Metre rule
Vernier callipers
Micrometer screw gauge
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1. Types of Errors
-……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
-……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) 1 Hypothesis :
1 Aim :
2 Manipulated variable :
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Responding variable :
3 Fixed/Constant variable :
8 Repeat 4 x
9 Tabulation of data
10 Analysis of data
[ RV]
[MV]
2.
Y
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X
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(b) 1 Hypothesis :
1 Aim :
2 Manipulated variable :
Responding variable :
3 Fixed/Constant variable :
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8 Repeat 4 x
9 Tabulation of data
10 Analysis of data
[ RV]
[MV]
3.
Initial Initial
position position
Initial
position
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Each diagram above shows two positions of a student on a swing. The initial postion in each diagram is
different. Observe the positions of each of the swing in each diagram and the appearance of the student
when she swings.
Based on the observations:
(a) make one suitable inference
(b) state on appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated
(c) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis using trolley, stop watch and
other apparatus.
In your description, state clearly the following :
(i) aim of the experiment
(ii) variables in the experiment
(iii) list of apparatus and materials
(iv) arrangement of the apparatus
(v) the procedure of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) the way you would tabulate the data
(vii) the way you would analyse the data
Answers :
3 (a) 1 Inference :
(b) 1 Hypothesis :
1 Aim :
2 Manipulated variable :
Responding variable :
3 Fixed/Constant variable :
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8 Repeat 4 x
9 Tabulation of data
10 Analysis of data
[ RV]
[MV]
4.
Baby X
Baby Y
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The diagram above shows baby X and baby Y of different masses in a cradle. Based on the
observations:
(d) make one suitable inference
(e) state on appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated
(f) describe how you would design an experiment to test your hypothesis using spring, slotted weights
and other apparatus.
In your description, state clearly the following :
(i) aim of the experiment
(ii) variables in the experiment
(iii) list of apparatus and materials
(iv) arrangement of the apparatus
(v) the procedure of the experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) the way you would tabulate the data
Answers :
4 (a) 1 Inference :
Extension of spring depends on the mass
(b) 1 Hypothesis :
When mass increases the extension of spring also increases
1 Aim :
To investigate the relationship between extension of spring and the mass
Measure and record the extension of spring by using the metre ruler.
8 Repeat 4 x
The experiment is repeated for different masses of slotted weights that is 20g, 30g,
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40g, and 50 g.
9 Tabulation of data
Mass/g Extension of spring /cm
10 Analysis of data
Extension of spring
Mass/g
5.
Mass,m(g) Period,T(s) T2 (s2 ) Table shows the data collected in an experiment of a
2 decimal weighted spring that oscillates. T is the period of oscillation.
place (a) Complete the table
50 3.0 (b) Plot a graph of T2 against m
100 4.2 (c) State the relationship between T and m
150 5.2
200 6.0 ………………………………………………………………
(d) Determine the gradient of your graph
250 6.7
300 7.3
(e) Use the gradient of your graph to calculate k if k = 80 where m is the gradient of the graph,
m
( k= constant of the spring)
Experiment
Carry out the experiment 1.5 on page 8-9 Physics Form 4 Practical Book and write a complete report :
Format : 1. Inference
2. Hypothesis
3. Aim
4. Manipulated variable :
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Responding variable :
Fixed variable
5. Apparatus and materials
6. Arrangement of the apparatus
7. Procedure
8. Data collection
9. Analysis of data
10. Conclusion
11. Precautions
HOMEWORK :
Physics Form 4 Textbook : Page 15-16 : 1.5 Questions : Q1-Q4
: Page 17 : 17 Review questions
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