TALLER-ELECTIVA 2

ANALISIS DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS

ALEX DAVID NIÑO SANCHEZ– 52911

DIEGO ALEJANDRO SUAREZ SOSA– 52974
TRUMAN SANTIAGO TINOCO PINEDA– 49165

DOCENTE
JOSÉ ALEJANDRO GUERRERO VARGAS

UNIVERSIDAD ECCI
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA

BOGOTÁ D.C
2020
 −2 0 −4 2 −4 0 −12 6 −4 − (−12) 0 − 6
a. 2 [ 1 4 ] − 3 [−3 8] = [ 2 8 ] − [−9 24] = [ 2 − (−9) 8 − 24 ] =
−7 5 6 4 −14 10 18 12 −14 − 18 10 − 12
8 −6
[ 11 −16 ]
−32 −2

−4 2 −2 0 −16 8 −2 0 −16 − (−2) 8 −14 8

b. 4 [−3 8] − [ 1 4 ] = [−12 32] − [ 1 4 ] = [ −12 − 1 32 − 4 ] = [−13 28]
6 4 −7 5 24 16 −7 5 24 − (−7) 16 − 5 31 11

3 −4 8
−7 −5 1 [ −21 + 25 + 0 28 − 30 + 11 −56 − 15 + 2
a. [ ] −5 6 3] = [ ]
10 6 3 30 − 30 −40 + 36 + 33 80 + 18 + 6
0 11 2
4 9 −69
=[ ]
0 29 104

8 4 −3 1 0 5 8 + 20 − 18 0 + 28 − 24 40 − 24 − 3
b. −2 5 5 5 7 −6 = −2 + 25 + 30 0 + 35 + 40 −10 − 30 + 5]
[ ] [ ] [
1 10 2 6 8 1 1 + 50 + 12 0 + 70 + 16 5 − 60 + 2

10 4 13
= [53 75 −35]
63 86 −53
1 7 3 1 −4 11
c. [−4 15 6] ′ = [7 15 −3]
11 −3 8 3 6 8

9 3
9 −3 2
d. [−3 6] ′ = [ ]
3 6 8
2 8
Método de expansión:
4 −3 −1 4 −3
a. [ 4 7 4 ] ⋮ [ 4 7]
10 1 4 10 1

(4)(7)(4) + (−3)(4)(10) + (−1)(4)(1) − (10)(7)(−1) − (1)(4)(4) − (4)(4)(−3)

= 112 − 120 − 4 + 70 − 16 + 48 = 90

−2 7 5 −1
4 11 −5 8]
b. [ = 𝑁𝑂 𝑆𝐸 𝑃𝑈𝐸𝐷𝐸 𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐿𝐼𝑍𝐴𝑅(𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 3𝑥3)
7 −2 0 7
8 4 13 −6

Método de cofactores:
4 −3 −1
7 4 4 4 4 7
a. [ 4 7 4 ] = 4 | | +3| | −1| |
1 4 10 4 10 1
10 1 4
= 4[(7)(4) − (1)(4)] + 3[(4)(4) − (10)(4)] − 1[(4)(1) − (10)(7)] = 90

−2 7 5 −1
11 −5 8 4 −5 8 4 11 8 4 11 −5
4 11 −5 8
b. [ ] = −2 |−2 0 7 | − 7 |7 0 7 | + 5 |7 −2 7 | + 1 |7 −2 0 |
7 −2 0 7
4 13 −6 8 13 −6 8 4 −6 8 4 13
8 4 13 −6

11 −5 8
0 7 −2 7 −2 0
= −2 |−2 0 7 | = −2 ∗ {11 | |+5| |+8| |}
13 −6 4 −6 4 13
4 13 −6

= −2{11[(0)(−6) − (13)(7)] + 5[(−2)(−6) − (4)(7)] + 8[(−2)(13) − (4)(0)]}

= −2{11[−91] + 5[−16] + 8[−26]} = −2[−1001 − 80 − 208] = −2[−873] = 2578
 4 −5 8
0 7 7 7 7 0
= −7 |7 0 7 | = −7 ∗ {4 | |+5| | + 8 || ||}
13 −6 8 −6 8 13
8 13 −6

= −7{4[(0)(−6) − (13)(7)] + 5[(7)(−6) − (8)(7)] + 8[(7)(13) − (8)(0)]}

= −7{4[−91] + 5[−98] + 8[91]} = −7{−364 − 490 + 728}
= −7{−126} = 882
4 11 8
+5 |7 −2 7 |
8 4 −6

−2 7 7 7 7 −2
= 5 ∗ {4 | | − 11 | | + 8 || ||}
4 −6 8 −6 8 4

= 5{4[(−2)(−6) − (4)(7)] − 11[(7)(−6) − (8)(7)] + 8[(7)(4) − (8)(−2)]}

= 5{4[−16] − 11[−98] + 8[44]} = 5{−64 + 1078 + 352}
= 5{−64 + 1078 + 352} = 5{1366} = 6830
4 11 −5
+1 |7 −2 0 |
8 4 13

−2 0 7 0 7 −2
= 1 ∗ {4 | | − 11 | | − 5 || ||}
4 13 8 13 8 4

= {4[(−2)(13) − (4)(0)] − 11[(7)(13) − (8)(0)] − 5[(7)(4) − (8)(−2)]}

= {4[−26] − 11[91] − 5[44]} = {−104 − 1001 − 220} = −1325
2578 + 882 + 6830 − 1325 = 8965

6𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 − 8𝑥3 = 2

5𝑥1 − 5𝑥2 + 34 = 1
−8𝑥1 + 10𝑥2 − 2𝑥3 = 7
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
6 3 −8 6 3
| | | 5 −5|
5 −5 34
−8 10
−8 10 −2
 6 3 −8 6 3
|5 −5 34 5 −5|
| |
−8 10 −2 −8 10

= [(6 ∗ −5 ∗ −2) + (3 ∗ 34 ∗ −8) + (−8 ∗ 5 ∗ 10)] − (−8 ∗ −5 ∗ −8) − (3 ∗ 34 ∗ 6) − (−2 ∗ 5

∗ 3)

∆𝑠 = [60 − 816 − 400] − [−320 + 2040 − 30] = −2846

2 3 −8 2 3
∆𝑥1 = |1 −5 34 | |1 −5|
7 10 −2 7 10

∆𝑥1 = [(2 ∗ −5 ∗ −2)(3 ∗ 34 ∗ 7)(−8 ∗ 1 ∗ 10)] − [(7 ∗ −5 ∗ −8)(10 ∗ 34 ∗ 2)(−2 ∗ 1 ∗ 3)]

∆𝑥1 = [20 + 714 − 80] − [280 + 680 − 6] = −300

6 2 −8 6 2
∆𝑥2 = 5 1 34 | | 5 1|
|
−8 7 −2 −8 7

∆𝑥2 = [(6 ∗ 1 ∗ −2)(2 ∗ 34 ∗ −8)(−8 ∗ 5 ∗ 7)] − [(−8 ∗ 1 ∗ −8)(7 ∗ 34 ∗ 6)(−2 ∗ 5 ∗ 2)]

∆𝑥2 = [−12 − 544 − 280] − [64 + 1428 − 20] = [−836] − [1472] = −2308
6 3 2 6 3
∆𝑥3 = | 5 −5 1| | 5 −5|
−8 10 7 −8 10

∆𝑥3 = [(6 ∗ −5 ∗ 7)(3 ∗ 1 ∗ −8)(2 ∗ 5 ∗ 10)] − [(−8 ∗ −5 ∗ 2)(10 ∗ 1 ∗ 6)(7 ∗ 5 ∗ 3)]

∆𝑥3 = [−210 − 24 + 100] − [80 + 60 + 105] = −379

∆𝑠 = −2846 ∆𝑥1 = −300 ∆𝑥2 = −2308 ∆𝑥3 = −379

 ∆𝑥1 −300
𝑥1 = = = 0.105411
∆𝑠 −2846
∆𝑥2 −2308
𝑥2 = = = 0.810962
∆𝑠 −2846
∆𝑥3 −379
𝑥3 = = = 0.133169
∆𝑠 −2846

6(0.105411) + 3(0.810962) − 8(0.133169) = 2

5(0.105411) − 5(0.810962) + 34(0.133169) = 1
−8(0.105411) + 10(0.810962) − 2(0.133169) = 7

5. Para el ensamble de resortes de la figura, determinar la fuerza requerida para

desplazar el nodo 2 una cantidad de δ= 0.75in a la derecha. Además, calcular el
desplazamiento del nodo
3. (k1= 50 lb. /in, k2= 25 lb/in).

1°Resorte:
−50] 𝑢1 1 𝑓1
[ 50 [ ]=[ 1 ]
−50 50 𝑢2 1 𝑓2 1

2° Resorte:

−25] 𝑢1 2 𝑓2
[ 25 [ ]=[ 1 ]
−25 25 𝑢2 2 𝑓2 2

Desplazamientos:
 𝑢11 = 𝑈1 𝑢2 1 = 𝑢1 2 = 𝑈2 𝑢2 2 = 𝑈3

Fuerzas:
𝑓1 1 = 𝐹1 𝑓2 1 + 𝑓1 2 = 𝐹2 𝑓2 2 = 𝐹3

Matriz Global:
50 −50 0 𝑈1 𝐹1
[−50 25 + 50 𝑈
−25] [ 2 ] = [𝐹2]
0 −25 25 𝑈3 𝐹3

50 −50 0 0 𝐹1
[−50 25 + 50 −25] [0.75] = [ 0 ]
0 −25 25 𝑈3 𝐹3

[(−50)(0.75) = 𝐹1 ]
𝐹1 = −37.5

50 −50 0 0 𝐹1
[−50 25 + 50 −25 ] [ 0.75 ] = [ 0]
0 −25 25 𝑈3 𝐹3

0.75 0
[ 75 −25] [ ]= [ ]
−25 25 𝑈3 𝐹3

[(75)(0.75)] + [(−25)(𝑈3 )] = 0
[(−25)(0.75)] + [(25)(𝑈3 )] = 𝐹3

[(75)(0.75)]
𝑈3 = − = 2.25
25

[(−25)(0.75)] + [(25)(2.25)] = 37.5

6. En el ensamble de resortes, las fuerzas F2 y F4 son de igual magnitud,
pero con sentidos opuestos y el nodo 4 se desplaza una cantidad δ=1 in.
Determinar:
a. Los valores de las fuerzas F2 y F4.
b. Desplazamiento en el nodo 2.
c. La fuerza de reacción en el nodo 1.

𝑘1 = 𝑘3 = 30 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛 𝑘2 = 40 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛
1
𝑢1= 𝑢1 = 0; 𝑢12= 𝑢1=
2 2
𝑢2; 𝑢2= 3
𝑢1= 3
𝑢3 ; 𝑢2= 𝑢4
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
[𝑘1 ]= 𝑢 [ 𝑘1 − 𝑘1 ] [𝑘2 ]= 𝑢 [ 𝑘2 −𝑘2 ] [𝑘3 ]= [ 𝑘3 −𝑘3 ]
2 3 𝑢4
− 𝑘1 𝑘1 − 𝑘2 𝑘2 − 𝑘3 𝑘3

𝑘1 −𝑘1 0 0 𝑈1 𝐹1
−𝑘 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 0 𝑈2 𝐹2
[ 1 ]=[ ]=[ ]
0 −𝑘2 𝑘2 + 𝑘3 −𝑘3 𝑈3 𝐹3
0 0 −𝑘3 𝑘3 𝑈4 𝐹4

𝐹1 = −𝑘1 𝑈2 𝐹2 = −𝐹4
• Asumiendo F3=0
70 −40 0 𝑈2 𝐹2 𝐹2
[−40 ] 𝐹
70 −30 = {𝑈3 } = { 3 } = { 0 }
0 −30 30 1 −𝐹4 −𝐹2

• Resolviendo en matlab

𝑈2 =0
−𝐹2
𝑈3 =
40
−(7𝐹2 ) 120
1= = 𝐹2 = = -17.1428 Lb
120 −7
 𝐹1 = −30 (0)

𝐹2 = 17.1428 Lb
𝐹4 = −17.1428 Lb

7. Dos carruajes son conectados mediante un arreglo de resortes como se muestra

en la figura.
Determinar:
d. El conjunto completo de ecuaciones de equilibrio para el sistema en forma
matricial.
e. Si k=50lb/in, F1=20lb y F2=15lb, calcular el desplazamiento de cada carruaje y la
fuerza en cada resorte.

𝑢1 1 = 𝑈1 = 0 𝑢2 1 = 𝑢2 2 = 𝑢2 3 = 𝑈2 𝑢3 2 = 𝑢3 4 = 𝑈3 𝑈4 3 = 𝑢4 4 = 0

−𝑘] 𝑢1 1 𝑓1
[𝐾1] [ 𝑘 [ ]=[ 1 ]
−𝑘 𝑘 𝑢 2 1 𝑓2 2

[𝐾2] [ 2𝑘 −2𝑘] 𝑢2 2 𝑓2
[ ]=[ 2 ]
−2𝑘 2𝑘 𝑢3 2 𝑓3 2
−2𝑘] 𝑢2 3 𝑓3
[𝐾3] [ 2𝑘 [ ]=[ 2 ]
−2𝑘 2𝑘 𝑢4 3 𝑓4 3

[𝐾4] [ 𝑘 −𝑘] 𝑢3 4 𝑓4
[ ]=[ 3 ]
−𝑘 𝑘 𝑢4 4 𝑓4 4

𝑓1 = 𝑅1 ; −𝑓2 1 − 𝑓2 2 − 𝑓2 3 = 𝐹1; 𝑓3 2 + 𝑓3 4 = 𝐹2; −𝑓4 4 − 𝑓4 3 = 𝑅2

 𝐾 −𝐾 0 0 0 𝑅1
−𝐾 𝐾 + 2𝑘 + 2𝐾 −2𝐾 −2𝐾 𝑈2 −𝐹1
[ ][ ][ ]
0 −2𝐾 2𝐾 + 𝐾 −𝑘 𝑈3 𝐹2
0 −2𝐾 −𝐾 2𝐾 + 𝐾 0 𝑅2

𝑅1 = −𝐾𝑈2 ; 𝑅2 = −2𝐾𝑈2 − 𝐾𝑈3

simplificando
𝑈 −20
[ 250 −100] [ 2 ] [ ]
−100 150 𝑈3 15

𝑈2 = −0.0545𝑖𝑛 𝑈3 = 0.0636
𝐿𝑏 50𝐿𝑏 50𝐿𝑏
𝑅1 = −50 (−0.0545𝑖𝑛) 𝑅2 = −2 ( ) (−0.0545𝑖𝑛) − ( ) (0.06361 in)
𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛
𝑅1 = 2.725𝐿𝑏 𝑅2 = 2.275 𝐿𝑏

0 2.725
[𝐾1] [ 50 −50] [ ][ ]
−50 50 −0.0545 −𝑓21

−𝑓21 = −50(0) + 50(−0.0545) = −2.725𝑙𝑏

2(50) −2(50) 0.0545 −𝑓2 2

[𝐾2] [ ][ ][ ]
−2(50) 2(50) 0.0636 −𝑓3 2

−𝑓2 2 = 100(−0.0545) − 100(0.0636) = −11.81𝑙𝑏

𝑓3 2 = −100 (−0.0545) + 100(0.0636) = 11.81 𝑙𝑏

2(50) −2(50) −0.0545 −𝑓2 3

[𝐾3] [ ][ ][ ]
−2(50) 2(50) 0 −𝑓4 3

−𝑓2 3 = 100(−0.0545) − 100(0) = −5.45𝑙𝑏

−𝑓4 3 = −100(−0.0545) + 100(0) = 5.45𝑙𝑏

[𝐾4] [ 50 −50 0.0636 𝑓3 4

][ ][ ]
−50 50 0 −𝑓4 4
 𝑓3 4 = 50(0.0636) − 50(0) = 3.18𝑙𝑏
−𝑓4 4 = −50(0.0636) + 50(0) = −3.18𝑙𝑏

8. Una varilla de acero sujetada a compresión es modelada mediante dos elementos barra,
como se muestra en la figura. Determinar el desplazamiento nodal y los esfuerzos axiales
en cada elemento

𝑢2 𝑢2
⌊ 𝑢1 𝑢2 ⌋ 𝑢1 𝑢2
1 −1 𝑢2 𝑢3
−1 1

𝐴𝐸 207𝑋109 𝑃𝑎 𝑋 500𝑋10−6 𝑚2
𝑘1 = 𝑘2 = =( ) = 207𝑥106
𝐿 0.05𝑚
1
𝑢1= 𝑈1 = 0, 𝑢12= 𝑢1=
2 2
𝑈2, 𝑢2= 𝑈3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
𝑢1 0 𝐹1
−1 −1 0
207𝑥106 𝑢2 ⌊ ⌋= {𝑢2} = { 0 }
−1 2 −1
𝑢3 𝑢3 𝐹3
0 −1 1
𝑓1 = −207𝑥106 𝑈2
Reduciendo
𝐹3 = −12𝑥103 𝑁 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

𝑘 = 207𝑥106 𝑁⁄𝑚2

2 −1 𝑈 0
𝑘=[ ] = { 2} = { }
−1 1 𝑈3 −12𝑥103
3
𝑈2 = −12𝑥10 ⁄𝑘
 3
𝑈3 = −24𝑥10 ⁄𝑘
−12𝑥103
• 𝑈2 = = −5.7971𝑥10−5 𝑚
207𝑥106

−24𝑥103
• 𝑈3 = = −1.1594 𝑥10−4 𝑚
207𝑥106

𝐹1 = −207𝑥106 (−5.7971𝑥10−5 ) = 11.999𝑥103 N = 12 KN

𝐸 𝑢1 1
2− 𝑢1 (−5.7971𝑥10 −5
𝑚)−0
1
𝜎 = 𝐸 𝑒𝑥 = = (207𝑥10 𝑁⁄ 2 ) (
6
)
𝐿 𝑚 0.5 𝑚

𝜎 1 = −23.999𝑥103 𝑁⁄𝑚2 = −24 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (Compresión)

𝐸 𝑢1 1
2−𝑢1 (−1.1594 𝑥10 −4
𝑚) −( −5.7971𝑥10
−5
𝑚)
2
𝜎 = 𝐸 𝑒𝑥 = = (207𝑥10 𝑁⁄ 2 ) (
6
)
𝐿 𝑚 0.5 𝑚
−5
(−5.7969𝑥10 𝑚)
𝜎 = (207𝑥10 𝑁⁄ 2 ) (
2 6
)
𝑚 0.5 𝑚

𝜎 2 = −11.9995𝑥103 𝑁⁄𝑚2 = −12 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (Compresión)

9. La figura muestra un ensamble de dos elementos barra hechos de diferentes

materiales. Determinar los desplazamientos nodales, el esfuerzo en los elementos
y las fuerzas de Reacción.

𝐴1 𝐸1 4𝑖𝑛2 ∗ 15𝑥106 𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛2 𝑢1 𝑢2

𝑢1
𝑘1 = =( ) = [ 1 −1]
𝐿1 20𝑖𝑛 𝑢2
−1 1
 𝐴2 𝐸2 2.25𝑖𝑛2 ∗ 10𝑥106 𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛2 𝑢2 𝑢3
𝑢2
𝑘2 = =( )= [ 1 −1]
𝐿2 20𝑖𝑛 𝑢3
−1 1
1
𝑢1= 𝑈1 = 0 , 𝑢12= 𝑢1=
2
𝑈2, 2
𝑢2= 𝑢3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
𝑢1 0 𝐹1
𝑘1 −𝑘1 0
𝑢2 [ 1 ] = {𝑢2} = { 0 }
−𝑘 𝑘1 + 𝑘 2 −𝑘 2
𝑢3 𝑢3 20000
0 −𝑘 2 𝑘2

𝑘1 = 3𝑥106 lb ∗ in
𝑘2 = 1.125𝑥106 lb ∗ in
𝐹1 =- 𝑘1 𝑈2 = −3𝑥106 𝑈2

Reduciendo
6
[ 4.125𝑥10 6 −1.125𝑥106 ] = {𝑈2} = { 0 }
−1.125𝑥10 1.125𝑥106 𝑈3 20000
𝑈2 = 0.0067 𝑖𝑛 𝑈3 = 0.0244 𝑖𝑛

𝐹1 = −3𝑥106 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛 (0.0067 𝑖𝑛) = −20000 𝐿𝑏

𝑢12− 𝑢11 0.0067 𝑖𝑛−0

𝜎 1 = 𝐸1 𝑒𝑥 = 𝐸1 = (15𝑥106 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛 2) ( )
𝐿 20 𝑖𝑛

𝜎 1 = 5000 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)

𝑢22− 𝑢21 0.0244 𝑖𝑛−0.0067 𝑖𝑛

𝜎 2 = 𝐸 2 𝑒𝑥 = 𝐸 2 = (10𝑥106 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛 2) ( )
𝐿 20 𝑖𝑛
0.0177 𝑖𝑛
𝜎 2 = (10𝑥106 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛 2) ( )
20 𝑖𝑛

𝜎 2 = 8900 𝐿𝑏⁄𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)

10. Calcular los desplazamientos de la barra mostrada en la figura usando
1, 2, 4 y 6 elementos.

• Usando 1 elemento

𝑥
𝐴(𝑥) = 𝐴0 (1 − )
2𝐿

𝐿 𝐿⁄
𝐴 ( ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2)
2 2𝐿

3 𝐴𝐸 3 𝐴0 𝐸
𝐴= 𝐴0 ; 𝑘 = =
4 𝐿 4 𝐿
3𝐴0 𝐸 1 −1 0 𝐹1
=[ ]= { }= { }
4𝐿 −1 1 𝑢2 𝑝
4𝑝𝐿 𝑃𝐿
𝑢2 = = 1.333
3𝐴0 𝐸 𝐴0 𝐸
 • Usando 2 elementos

𝐿 𝐿⁄
𝐴1 ( ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 4)
4 2𝐿

7 𝐴𝐸 7 𝐴0 𝐸 7 𝐴0 𝐸
𝐴1 = 𝐴0 ; 𝑘1 = = =
8 𝐿⁄
2 8 𝐿⁄2 4 𝐿

3𝐿 3𝐿⁄
𝐴2 ( ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 4)
4 2𝐿

5 𝐴𝐸 5 𝐴0 𝐸 5 𝐴𝐸
𝐴2 = 𝐴0 ; 𝑘2 = = =
8 𝐿⁄ 8 𝐿⁄ 4 𝐿
2 2
1 −1 1 −1
𝑘1 = [ ] ; 𝑘2 = [ ]
−1 1 −1 1
𝑘1 −𝑘1 0 0 𝐹1
[−𝑘1 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 ] = {𝑢2 } = { 0 }
0 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 𝑝

−𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹1
Simplificando
𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 0
[ ] = {𝑢 } = { }
−𝑘2 𝑘2 3 𝑝
 𝑝 4𝑝𝐿 𝑝(𝑘1 + 𝑘2 ) 𝑝𝐿
𝑢2 = = ; 𝑢3 = = 1.371 𝐴
𝑘1 7𝐴0 𝐸 𝑘1 𝑘2 0 𝐸

• 4 elementos

𝐿 𝐿⁄ 15
8
𝐴1 (8) = 𝐴0 (1 − ) = 𝐴1 = 16 𝐴0
2𝐿
3𝐿 3𝐿⁄ 13
𝐴2 ( 8 ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿8) = 𝐴2 = 16 𝐴0
5𝐿 5𝐿⁄ 11
𝐴3 ( 8 ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿8) = 𝐴3 = 16 𝐴0
7𝐿 7𝐿⁄ 19
𝐴4 ( 8 ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿8) = 𝐴4 = 16 𝐴0
𝐴𝐸 15 𝐴0 𝐸 13 𝐴0 𝐸 11 𝐴0 𝐸 9 𝐴0 𝐸
𝑘1 = 𝐿⁄ = ; 𝑘2 = ; 𝑘3 = ; 𝑘4 =
4 16 𝐿⁄4 16 𝐿⁄4 16 𝐿⁄4 16 𝐿⁄4

𝑘1 −𝑘1 0 0 0 0 𝐹1
−𝑘1 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 0 0 𝑢2 0
0 −𝑘2 𝑘2 + 𝑘3 −𝑘3 0 = 𝑢3 = 0
0 0 −𝑘3 𝑘3 + 𝑘4 −𝑘4 𝑢4 0
[ 0 0 0 −𝑘4 𝑘4 ] { 𝑢5 } { 𝑝 }

−𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹1
Simplificando

𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 0 0 𝑢2 0
−𝑘2 𝑘2 + 𝑘3 −𝑘3 0 𝑢3 0
[ ] = {𝑢 } = { }
0 −𝑘3 𝑘3 + 𝑘4 −𝑘4 4 0
0 0 −𝑘4 𝑘4 𝑢5 𝑝

𝑝 𝑝(𝑘1 +𝑘2 ) 𝑝(𝑘1 𝑘2 +𝑘1 𝑘3 +𝑘2 𝑘3 )

𝑢2 = 𝑘 ; 𝑢3 = ; 𝑢4 =
1 𝑘1 +𝑘2 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3
 𝑝(𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3 + 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘4 + 𝑘1 𝑘3 𝑘4 + 𝑘2 𝑘3 𝑘4 )
𝑢5 =
𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3 𝑘4

𝐴0 𝐸 3
𝑝 ( 4𝐿 ) [(15 ∗ 13 ∗ 11) + (15 ∗ 13 ∗ 9) + (15 ∗ 11 ∗ 9) + (13 ∗ 11 ∗ 9)]
𝑢5 =
𝐴0 𝐸 4
( 4𝐿 ) (15 ∗ 13 ∗ 11 ∗ 9)

𝐴0 𝐸 3
𝑝 ( 4𝐿 ) [(2145 + 1755 + 1485 + 1287]
𝑢5 =
𝐴0 𝐸 4
( 4𝐿 ) (19305)

𝑝𝐿 4(6672) 𝑝𝐿
𝑢5 = = 1.382
𝐴0 𝐸 19305 𝐴0 𝐸

• 6 elementos

𝐿 𝐿⁄ 23
12
𝐴1 (12) = 𝐴0 (1 − ) = 𝐴1 = 24 𝐴0
2𝐿
3𝐿 3𝐿⁄ 21
𝐴2 ( ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 12) = 𝐴2 = 𝐴0
12 2𝐿 24
5𝐿 5𝐿 ⁄ 19
𝐴3 (12) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿12) = 𝐴3 = 24 𝐴0
7𝐿 7𝐿⁄ 17
𝐴4 (12) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿12 ) = 𝐴4 = 24 𝐴0
9𝐿 9𝐿⁄ 15
𝐴5 (12) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿12) = 𝐴5 = 24 𝐴0
11𝐿 11𝐿⁄ 13
𝐴6 ( 12 ) = 𝐴0 (1 − 2𝐿12) = 𝐴6 = 24 𝐴0

𝐴𝐸 (23/24)𝐴0 𝐸 23 𝐴0 𝐸 21 𝐴0 𝐸 19 𝐴0 𝐸
𝑘1 = 𝐿⁄ → 𝐿⁄ = ; 𝑘2 = ; 𝑘3 =
6 6 4 𝐿 4 𝐿 4 𝐿
 17 𝐴0 𝐸 15 𝐴0 𝐸 13 𝐴0 𝐸
𝑘4 = ; 𝑘5 = ; 𝑘6 =
4 𝐿 4 𝐿 4 𝐿

k1 −k1 0 0 0 0 0 0 𝐹1
−k1 k1 + k 2 −k 2 0 0 0 0 𝑢2 0
0 −k 2 k2 + k3 −k 3 0 0 0 𝑢3 0
0 0 −k 3 k3 + k4 −k 4 0 0 = 𝑢4 = 0
0 0 0 −k 4 k4 + k5 −k 5 0 𝑢5 0
0 0 0 0 −k 5 k5 + k6 −k 6 𝑢6 0
[ 0 0 0 0 0 −k 6 k 6 ] {𝑢7 } { 𝑃 }

−𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹1
• Simplificando

k1 + k2 −k2 0 0 0 0 𝑢2 0
−k2 k2 + k3 −k3 0 0 0 𝑢3 0
0 −k3 k3 + k4 −k4 0 0 𝑢4 0
= 𝑢 =
0 0 −k4 k4 + k5 −k5 0 5 0
0 0 0 −k5 k5 + k6 −k6 𝑢6 0
[ 0 0 0 0 −k6 k6 ] {𝑢7 } {𝑝}

𝐴0 𝐸 5
𝑝 ( 4𝐿 ) [(2340135) + (2028117) + (1789515) + (1601145) + (1448655) + (1322685)]
𝑢7 =
𝐴0 𝐸 6
( 4𝐿 ) (30421755)

𝑝𝐿 4(10830252) 𝑝𝐿
𝑢7 = = 1.384
𝐴0 𝐸 (30421755) 𝐴0 𝐸