SECTION 02780

UNIT PAVERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item No Title Page No

PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK .................................................................................. 1

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES .......................................................................................... 1

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS ......................................................................................... 1

1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 1

1.05 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 3

1.06 QUALITY CONTROL ........................................................................................... 4

1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 5

1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING ........................................................... 5

PART 2 PRODUCTS ......................................................................................................... 7

2.01 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 7

2.02 MATERIALS ......................................................................................................... 7

2.03 FABRICATION ..................................................................................................... 8

PART 3 EXECUTION ........................................................................................................ 9

3.01 EXAMINATION .................................................................................................... 9

3.02 PREPARATION ................................................................................................... 9

3.03 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 10

3.04 FINISHING ......................................................................................................... 12

Rev 0 i Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. This Section covers the furnishing and installation of precast concrete pavers at the
locations and to the lines, grades and details as shown on the Contract Drawings.

B. The Contractor shall provide all material, labor, tools and equipment to complete the
Work.

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Concrete Paver Units

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 01320 Construction Progress Documentation

B. Section 01330 Submittal Procedures

C. Section 01410 Regulatory Requirements

D. Section 01450 Quality Control

E. Section 01650 Product Delivery Requirements

F. Section 01660 Product Storage and Handling Requirements

G. Section 01740 Cleaning

H. Section 02310 Grading

I. Section 02315 Excavation and Fill

J. Section 02770 Curbs and Gutters

K. Section 02920 Lawns and Grasses

L. Section 02935 Plant Maintenance

M. Section 03105 Cast-In-Place Concrete Forms and Accessories

N. Section 03310 Structural Concrete

O. Section 03430 Precast Structural Concrete

1.04 REFERENCES

A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these

Rev 0 1 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.

B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.

C. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

1. ASTM C31M Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete

Test Specimens in the Field

2. ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

3. ASTM C39M Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of

Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

4. ASTM C78 Standard Test for Flexural Strength of Concrete

(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

5. ASTM C143M Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic

Cement Concrete

6. ASTM C144 Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry

Mortar

7. ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

8. ASTM C172 Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed

Concrete

9. ASTM C192M Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete

Test Specimens in the Laboratory

10. ASTM C231 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

11. ASTM C294 Standard Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents

of Concrete Aggregates

12. ASTM C295 Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of

Aggregates for Concrete

13. ASTM C341M Standard Practice for Length Change of Cast, Drilled
or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar
and Concrete

14. ASTM C469 Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity
and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression

15. ASTM C595 Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic

Cements

16. ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or
Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use as a Mineral

Rev 0 2 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

Admixture in Concrete

17. ASTM D75 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

18. ASTM E4 Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing

Machines

D. ACI American Concrete Institute

1. ACI 212.3R Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

E. BS British Standards

1. BS 4800 Schedule of Paint Colors for Building Purposes

F. NFPA National Fire Protection Association

1. All construction work shall comply with the National Building Code and NFPA
requirements

G. PCA Portland Cement Association

1. PCA D137 Development Bulletin: Clear Coatings for Exposed

Architectural Concrete

1.05 SUBMITTALS

A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
Work:

1. Product Data

a) Manufacturer’s literature describing each manufactured product

assembly related to job conditions. Items include but are not limited to:
1) Expansion and control joint materials.
2) Pavers.

2. Shop Drawings

a) Shop Drawings indicating:

1) Pavement elevations and slopes to drains or curbs.
2) Scoring patterns and expansion joint layout.
3) Location of tree pits, site light poles, etc.

3. Compliance Certificate

a) Copies of material certifications signed by the manufacturers or material

producers and the Contractor, stating that each material item complies
with or exceeds specified requirements, including:

Rev 0 3 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

1) Aggregate.
2) Cement.

4. Design Mix

a) Proposed job mix test data. After placement of pavement, the Contractor
shall certify that the mix complies with the design mix formula.

5. Material Samples

a) Samples for the retention and approval of the following items:

1) Joint Sealant: 150 mm section.
2) Precast Concrete Pavers.
3) Sample field panels (set of at least 20 No. panels) with expansion
joint in field for approval of the Royal Commission. The approved
set shall become the Construction Standard.

b) All work shall match the approved samples in finish, quality and
workmanship.

1.06 QUALITY CONTROL

A. General

1. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop
and propose programs and methods of construction and testing such as to
achieve the specified quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in
accordance with SECTION 01450.

B. Contractor’s Experience

1. The Contractor shall have experience with work comparable to the work shown
and specified, employing labor and supervisory personnel experienced in this
type of work.

C. Tests

1. Prior to the construction of any pavement system, the proposed material for
that course shall be subject to tests to determine conformance with the
specification, including:

a) Compaction
1) In accordance with SECTION 02315.

b) Concrete
1) Provide 1 set of 3 concrete test cylinders for each 230 m2 and not
less than 1 set per shift per day.

Rev 0 4 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

A. All works undertaken in relation to this Specification are to be completed in full

accordance with the respective health and safety requirements established by the
following:

1. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

a) Legislation, Regulation, Standards and Codes.

2. Royal Commission Regulations

a) Standards, Contractual Conditions, and Health and Safety Systems.

3. Contractor

a) Health and Safety Standards and Systems as accepted by the Royal

Commission.

B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.

1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:

1. Delivery

a) The Contractor shall deliver all precast concrete and setting materials in
factory sealed containers with the labels clearly identifying their
contents, color and applicable instructions.

b) Pavers shall be locked on wood pallets and secured with heavy-duty

plastic shrink envelope or encased in cardboard boxes.

2. Storage

a) All materials used on the job shall be stored in a single place as

designated. Such storage place shall be kept neat and clean, all
damage thereto or its surrounding shall be made good.

b) Material shall not be stacked higher than 3 tiers per pallet, cross
hatching each successive tier. Upper tier shall be strapped to prevent
toppling.

c) Material shall be stored in dry area to prevent water damage to carton or

staining of pavers.

Rev 0 5 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

3. Handling

a) The Contractor shall, whenever possible, move as full pallets or boxes

with plastic envelope intact. Plastic envelope shall not be removed until
ready to use.

b) The Contractor shall handle precast concrete paving blocks carefully,

and shall not drop or set down on corners.

Rev 0 6 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 GENERAL

A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out of Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.

2.02 MATERIALS

A. General

1. Precast concrete pavers shall be to the dimension shown on the Contract

Drawings and in accordance with the details shown therein.

2. The colors shall be as indicated.

3. Patterns shall be as indicated on the Contract Drawings.

4. Pavers adjacent to grouted pavers shall be waxed to prevent staining during

grouting.

B. Sand Bed

1. Sand bed shall be fine and free from organic material, salt and stones in
excess of 10 mm diameter.

C. Gravel

1. Pea gravel shall be provided where pavers are laid over concrete structures. It
shall be 9 mm diameter in lieu of sand where indicated.

D. Colored Concrete

1. For colored concrete provide packaged, dry combination of materials,

consisting of portland cement, graded quartz aggregates, coloring pigments
and dispersing agents.

2. Provide coloring pigments that are finely ground, non-fading mineral oxides,
interground with the cement.

3. Colors shall comply with BS 4800, or as indicated on the Contract Drawings.

E. Mortar Materials

1. Portland Cement: ASTM C150, Type V.

2. Sand: ASTM C144, well graded.

3. Water: Clean, potable, or tested and approved for use.

Rev 0 7 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

2.03 FABRICATION

A. Pavers shall be machine made with accurate dimensions of 100 x 200 x 65 mm to

the designs indicated on the Contract Drawings. Compressive strength of cured
pavers shall be 35 MPa minimum in compliance with the applicable requirements of
SECTION 03430.

B. Where indicated, paving blocks shall be fabricated of colored concrete complying

with the colors shown on the Contract Drawings and matching approved samples.

C. A concrete base shall be provided for steps as indicated on the Contract Drawings
with reinforcement as and where indicated.

D. Inserts shall be provided as indicated on the Contract Drawings. All sleeves shall be
galvanized.

E. Soil preparation fabric shall be used under sand setting beds over compacted earth
as indicated with a material approved by the Royal Commission.

F. Expansion joints shall be formed adjacent to buildings, retaining walls, etc., as

indicated; all joints must be carefully aligned in a running bond.

G. Grout between precast pavers at steps, and where indicated, shall have color
additives to maintain grout color equal to precast pavers color range.

Rev 0 8 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 EXAMINATION

A. The Contractor shall verify that the substrate is level or to correct gradient, smooth,
capable of supporting pavers and imposed loads, and ready to receive work of this
Section.

B. The Contractor shall verify that the elevations of substrate are correct.

3.02 PREPARATION

A. Verifying Conditions

1. The Contractor shall visit site and verify all conditions and dimensions. He
shall examine all Contract Drawings related to work of this Section.

2. The Contractor shall check all work or surfaces to receive work of this Section
and shall report all conditions which interfere with or prevent proper execution
of work of this Section.

3. Execution of work of this Section constitutes acceptance of the base or

adjoining work and other conditions as satisfactory in every respect.

B. Coordination with Other Sections and Contracts

1. The Contractor shall coordinate with the work of other Sections and give full
cooperation and access to other trades for the installation of their work
including:

a) SECTION 02310.

b) SECTION 02770.

c) SECTION 02920.

d) SECTION 02935.

C. Subgrade

1. Compaction of subgrade shall comply with the applicable requirements

specified in SECTION 02315.

2. Sand beds shall be placed on well compacted subgrade to depth indicated

(generally 50 mm).

D. In longitudinal direction, the pitch shall fall in the same direction as the curb and as
nearly parallel thereto as possible. Unsightly or abrupt breaks in grade shall be
avoided. Control and expansion joints shall be aligned with architectural features,
where applicable. The base under pavers shall maintain a precise alignment for the
road drainage indicated.

Rev 0 9 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

3.03 INSTALLATION

A. General

1. Rectangular blocks must be laid only in a herringbone pattern to vehicular

areas. Block designs and shapes shall be in accordance with the
manufacturers Shop Drawings, as approved by the Royal Commission.

B. Basic operations for installation of the paving shall be:

1. Place and screed the laying course.

2. Place the blocks.

3. Complete the edges.

4. Vibrate the surface.

C. Delivery of blocks to the layer shall be done by the use of a tray, and delivered over
the area already laid to, within reaching distance of the layer.

D. The formation and subgrade shall not deviate from true level by more than:

1. Formation: + 20 mm
- 30 mm

2. Subbase: ± 20 mm

E. The finished wearing surface level shall not deviate vertically at any point from the
true pavement surface by more than ± 10 mm. Immediately adjacent to gullies and
manholes the tolerance shall be + 3 mm and - 0 mm.

F. The maximum deformation within the completed surface, measured by a 3 m straight

edge placed parallel to the centerline of the area paved, shall not exceed 10 mm,
except where vertical curves necessitate a greater deviation. The level of any two
adjacent blocks shall not differ by more than 2 mm.

G. The Contractor shall not transport blocks across sand already prepared for laying.

H. Enough sand shall be stockpiled to avoid having to move it over the laying face.

I. Edge restraints shall be formed in accordance with the detailed drawings, where
indicated.

J. Laying course shall be 50 mm thick after vibration, consisting of washed sharp sand,
containing not more than 3% of silt and clay by weight and not more than 15%
retained on a 2.36 mm sieve. To achieve the best regularity in the finished surface,
the sand shall be uniform in both type and moisture content.

K. Screeding to Level

1. On areas up to 5 m width, screeding can be done from the curb. For wider
areas temporary screed rails set to level on a window of sand can be used.

Rev 0 10 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

L. Surcharge

1. After final vibration, the blocks will be lower than their initial level because the
laying sand has been compacted and some has moved up into the joints
between the blocks. Thus, the sand has to be laid to a surcharge, the amount
of which depends on the type and moisture content of the sand, but 5 to
15 mm is normal.

2. To ensure that the surcharge is correct, the final level shall be checked after
completion of the first few meters and then at frequent intervals.

3. If the final level is incorrect, the blocks shall be lifted and stacked and the sand
thoroughly raked and rescreeded at a new level.

M. Placing Blocks

1. Great care shall be taken when placing the first blocks. The blocks shall be
placed against a firm starting edge to enable the required pattern to be laid
correctly.

2. Each block shall be laid in such a manner as not to disturb the blocks already
installed.

3. Blocks shall be laid such as to ensure easy placing and not necessary to force
blocks between those already laid.

4. Herringbone patterns shall be laid at 45° in accordance with the Contract

Drawings. Not until 8 to 10 rows have been laid, shall any attempt be made to
infill at the starting edges or sides. Only whole blocks shall be laid.

5. Where herringbone pattern is laid at 90° to the centerline, half blocks shall be
fitted at the starting line.

6. Each block shall be placed firmly against its adjacent blocks being held slightly
above the laying course so as not to disturb the sand until the block is in its
correct place. Any damaged blocks shall be rejected and replaced at no extra
cost to the Royal Commission.

7. All blocks must be laid so that they fit closely together. Should joints begin to
open, the blocks shall be knocked together with a hide mallet. Care shall be
taken not to tilt the blocks on the leading edge of the laying face.

8. Laying shall continue until enough area has been laid to make vibration
worthwhile i.e., 15 to 20 m2. It is possible for men and light equipment to move
over the paving at this stage before vibration. Any uneven surface caused may
be ironed out by using a plate vibrator.

9. Where blocks do not fit at the edges, the spaces shall be filled with cut blocks.
Machines shall be used to split blocks but small pieces may be cut with a
bolster and hammer. Where gaps are small with a dimension less than 40 mm,
they may be filled with a 4:1 sand/cement mortar.

Rev 0 11 of 12 Contract No:

 SECTION 02780
UNIT PAVERS

N. Vibration

1. The blocks shall be vibrated to their final level with a plate vibrator, i.e., a plate
area between 0.2 and 0.3 m2 and a centrifugal force of approximately
1000 kg.

2. The vibrator shall be guided uniformly over the whole area, avoiding any
vibration to cause deviation of paving from its final level.

3. After the initial vibration, sand is brushed over the surface of the blocks, and
vibrated into the joints by a further 2 or 3 passes of the plate vibrator. After the
joints are filled, surplus sand shall be swept away.

3.04 FINISHING

A. An approved concrete sealer of methyl methacrylate acrylic resin shall be applied to

all exposed concrete. Sealers shall conform to recommendations of Portland Cement
Association Development Bulletin D137: Clear Coatings for Exposed Architectural
Concrete. The Contractor shall submit samples and manufacturer’s data sheets and
installation instructions to the Royal Commission for approval.

B. Repairs to damaged panels shall be approved by the Royal Commission.

C. Certain mild stains or residues (generally appearing as a type of fine efflorescence

exposed when cement mortar or other drippings are removed) may be neutralized
and removed by application of undiluted cider vinegar, scrubbed in with a bristle
brush and flushed copiously with water. Use of muriatic acid will not be permitted.

END OF SECTION

Rev 0 12 of 12 Contract No: