Metropolitan Cities Sustainability

Regional Panorama
Latin America

Ricardo Jordán, Johannes Rehner y Joseluis Samaniego

División de Desarrollo Sostenible y Asentamientos Humanos
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe
I Áreas de Estudio
• México Criterios de selección:
(a)Condiciones socio-economicos
• Sao Paulo diferentes,
• Buenos Aires (b) Niveles tecnológicos distintos
• Lima (c)Caracteristicas estructurales y
• Santiago de Chile contextos locles contrastantes
(d)Diferentes marcos de planificación
• Bogotá
urbana
II. El Sistema de Indicadores

1. Vida Humana (Human Life)

Indicadores Centrales
Population growth
Infant mortality Indicadores con baja 
Under 5 mortality rate disponibilidad de datos
life expectancy at birth
Death rate from intestinal infectious diseases

Extreme poor
Population living below 1 US-$ per day
Adult literacy rate
School leavers without graduation undernourished
Child death rate from respiratory
Noise exposure (night) disease
Nose exposure (day) housing affordability
Housing space
access to sanitation Homeless people
access to piped water Illegal urban settlements
access to electricity
1. Vida Humana (Human Life)

Table 3: Access to Basic Services

Access to
sewage system piped water electricity
% of households % of households % of households

Bogotá 85,0 94,0 99,9

Buenos Aires 99,0 100,0 100,0
Lima 73,6 75.0 99,0
Mexico 95,8 96,0 .
Santiago 98,0 99.2 99,4
São Paulo 85,6 100,0 99,0
2. Recursos naturales

Energy consumption
Energy efficiency (per GDP& per capita)
Water consumption (&per capita)
Solid waste production
Solid waste disposal
Uncollected and inproperly disposed
Untreated domestic sewage

Motorization index
Modal Split - low capacity motor vehicles
Housing density
Green area
Covering of soil
Renewable energy
CO2 emission & concentration GHG concentration
CO2 emission / GDP
SO2 emission & concentration
NOx emission & concentration
PM10 emission
O3 emission
 2. Recursos naturales

Table 10: Domestic Solid Waste Production and disposal

Solid waste Solid waste Uncollected &

production disposal / inmroperly disposed
Domestic Total
Kg/cap/year Tons / year Estimated

Bogotá 250 325 1.792.211 10%

Buenos Aires a) 354 665 5.352.000 10%
Lima . 310 1.724.624 30%
Mexico . 438 6.518.900 25%
Santiago 511 . 2.803.329 <5%
São Paulo 366 503 5.235.195 5%
3. Recursos Sociales

Victimization
Homicide rate
Criminality Perception

expenditure for cultural purposes

Area of public parkland

Protected Area / total area

number of trees in public urban domain

area of public parkland
Table 16: Criminality and violence

3. Recursos Sociales

Table 16: Criminality and violence

Homicides Criminality Perception Victimization rate

per 100.000 at home in public spaces

Bogotá 18,0 . . .
Buenos Aires 5,3 66 % 48 % 10 %
Lima 6,8 . 70 % 7%
Mexico 8,3 (20,3) 34 % 37 % .
Santiago 1,6 . . 30,0 %
São Paulo 64,8 72 % 72 % 5,4 %
4. Igualdad de Oportunidades

Income inequality (GINI)

Differences of income quintils
Poverty rate

Gender specific school enrolment

Gender Empowerment Index

growth of medium income

Employee rate

Gender Empowerment Index

Spatial Segregation Index
long term unemployed
4. Igualdad de Oportunidades

Table 18: Income concentration and characteristics

Income inequality Poverty Unemployment

Gini Coefficient in % in %

Bogotá 0,61 28,4 11,4

Buenos Aires 0,52 25,5 8,5
Lima 0,49 34,7 8,8
Mexico 0,55 39,2 4,7
Santiago 0,55 10,6 8,5
São Paulo 0,61 19,6 18,7
5. Potencial Productivo

GDP total
GDP per capita

Informality
Public income
Debt level Debt services
Investment rate

Spatial Segregation Index

long term unemployed
5. Potencial Productivo

Table 21: Basic Economic Data

GDP GDP / capita Stability Index Informality

US-$ bn US-$

Bogotá 43,2 5.992 40,3 26 %

Buenos Aires 129,1 10.414 38,4 30 %
Lima 36,0 4.293 37,0 42 %
Mexico 219,5 10.882 51,7 40 %
Santiago 74,6 11.153 88,3 17 %
São Paulo 257.8 12.922 51,2 28 %
6. Responsiveness

ISO 14001 certification

enterprises quoted on the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index
Number of World Business Council for Sustainable Development
members
firms publishing a sustainability report "green/sustainability sector"
cross-sectional departments in public adminstration
Existence of a sustainability strategy
Quality of disaster management / mitigation planning
Number of mandated Environmental Impact Assessments
public purchasing according to sustainability criteria
Environmental protection expenditure
Sustainability issues in school curricula
Existence of a Local Agenda 21 process
Percentage of population partizipating in Local Agenda 21 processes
Percentage of companies with a workers´ council
….
 Resumen Panorama Ciudad de Bogotá

Human life III. Sistema de

Índices compuestos
10
8
6
4
Productive Potential Natural resources
2
0

Eqqual Oportunities
Resumen Panorama Ciudad de Lima Metropolitana
Social Resources

Human life
10
8
6
4
Productive Potential Natural resources
2
0

Eqqual Oportunities Social Resources

 Resumen Panorama Ciudad de Buenos Aires

Human life
10
Sistema de Índices
8
compuestos
6
4
Productive Potential Natural resources
2
0

Eqqual Oportunities Social Resources

Resumen Panorama Ciudad de Santiago

Human life
10
8
6
4
Productive Potential Natural resources
2
0

Equal Oportunities Social Resources

 Resumen Panorama Ciudad Sao Paulo

Human life
10
Sistema de Índices
8 compuestos
6
4
Productive Potential Natural resources
2
0

Eqqual Oportunities Social Resources

Resumen Panorama Ciudad de México

Human life
10
8
6
4
Productive Potential Natural resources
2
0

Eqqual Oportunities Social Resources