PART I.

DATE OF PUBLICATION: MARCH 25, 1889

NOTABLE SOCIAL
PROBLEMS IN THE
PHILIPPINES DURING THAT
ERA
CITED POWERS OF THE
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD
TWO PRIMARY GROUPS
THAT CHALLENGED THE
STATUS QUO OF THE
PRINCIPALIA:
REASONS OF THE FRIARS IN
MAKING THE FILIPINOS
SOCIALLY IGNORANT AND
BLIND
FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS
PROPOSED IN THE ARTICLE
1. Forced labor or polo y servicio which requires native males,
from 16 to 60 years old, to render labor services to any
government projects like constructions of bridges and roads.
2. Abuses of civil guards against the farmers or landlords.
Once farmers were accused by civil guards of violating certain
regulation, those farmers will be punished by cleaning the
barracks.
3. Proliferation of bandits or the tulisans.
1. They could bribe anyone to do whatever they want.
2. Has the power to imprison and exile any Filipino who would
dare go against him.
1. The Nationalists/Propagandists
2. The Filipino Clergy
1. So that they will not go against them and their plans.
2. So that Filipinos will remain loyal to them and will not be
awakened with the wrong doings of the friars.
3. So that their dense Filipino supporters will defend them from
the more educated ones.
1. Reform for granting the use of firearms so that farmers can
protect their land better.
2. Representation into Cortes and Freedom Press in Manila so
that Spain can here the true conditions of the Philippines and
the Filipinos.

PART 2: Expound the following statement of Jose Rizal “To vilify a nation, there is nothing
better than to generalize the bad in it, just to ennoble it, one should strengthen it by good
examples.”

If you want to defame or insult anyone or anything, what do you do? You emphasize the
negative and generalize the negative examples so that they appear to be some sort of universal
truth. Like for example, saying, "All cops are brutal." It is one of the oldest propaganda devices
in the world and prevents the less-educated masses from analyzing the more nuanced realities.
Similarly, but in a more positive direction, in order to honor or glorify anyone or anything, you
offer positive examples and make THEM seem like a universal truth. Like for example, saying,
"American is the land of the free and the home of the brave."
 In addition, I think it is better to ennoble something than to vilify it. But in both cases, the
use of anecdotal or oversimplified examples to attempt to illustrate universal truths tends to
obscure the more complex reality.

PART 3: TRACING THE HACIENDA CALAMBA

1.) What religious order originally owned the Hacienda Calamba?

 The Hacienda Calamba originally belonged to the Jesuits and called it as

the Hacienda de San Juan Bautista

2.) How did the Dominican friars claim the ownership of the hacienda?

 Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed on to the Dominicans after

the Jesuits were expelled in 1768.

3.) How many hectares of land in Calamba were leased by the family of Rizal? What
was the main commodity planted in the hacienda?

 390 hectares were leased by the family of Rizal with sugar as the main
commodity planted in the hacienda.