Name: Pallavi Verma

Reg. No.: 19BEC0555

Date- 10 August’20

Experiment-02
Title: Half-wave Rectifier and Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier (with and without Filter)

Objective: 1
To create a Half-wave Bridge Rectifier circuit and perform transient analysis to trace voltage across R1 versus
input source for 5m and also plot the voltage drop across D1.

Software Used:
Orcad PSPICE. SPICE is an acronym for a Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis. It was
developed in the Electronics Research Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. SPICE is a computer
aided simulation program that simulates electric circuits. This program is capable of simulating analog and
digital circuits, nonlinear circuits, and transmission lines .

COMPONENTS REQUIRED (in PSPICE Simulation Software):

1. Sine Voltage with Amplitude= 5V and Frequency= 1 kHz
2. Resistor 1kΩ
3. Rectifier Diodes 1N4007 (1)
4. Bread board and wires for connection

Theory:
A half wave rectifier consists of a single diode and a load resistance. It only allows the positive part of an AC
signal and during the negative half cycle the diode will act as reverse bias and the voltage at the output
resistance will be zero.

Circuit Diagram:
D 1
0V 0A -3 0 .7 1 e -2 1 V
D 1N 4002
V V

V
3 V0 .27 1 e - 2 4 A R 1
VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 5 1k
FR EQ = 100 3 0 .7 1 e -2 4 A

0V

Results:
Observation:
The half wave rectifier only passes the one half of the input sine wave (positive half-cycle) and rejects the
other half. The output of the half wave rectifier is pulsating DC.

Objective: 2
For the Half-wave rectifier that you designed in (a), add a capacitor in parallel to R1. Choose its values as
follows: 1µF, 10µF, and 100µF, one by one, and trace the voltage across R1 vs. input voltage source. Observe
how the Alternating DC voltage is converted into almost constant DC voltage across R1.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED (in PSPICE Simulation Software):

1. Sine Voltage with Amplitude= 5V and Frequency= 1 kHz
2. Resistor 1kΩ
3. Capacitors of 1µF, 10µF, 100µF
4. Rectifier Diodes 1N4007 (1)
5. Bread board and wires for connection

Theory:
The main intention of introducing capacitor filters in the rectifiers is to remove the ripples from the output DC
and this filter is placed along with the load.

Circuit Diagram:
Results:

1.) C=1uF

2.) C=10uF
3.) C=100uF
Observation:
As the magnitude of capacitors is increased the pulsating DC becomes smoother i.e. the ripples are removed
to a larger extent when the capacitive value increases and the pulsating DC tends to become constant DC.

Objective: 3
To create a Full-wave Bridge Rectifier circuit and perform transient analysis to trace voltage across RL versus
input source for 5ms

COMPONENTS REQUIRED (in PSPICE Simulation Software):

1. Sine Voltage with Amplitude= 5V and Frequency= 1 kHz
2. Resistor 1kΩ
3. Rectifier Diodes 1N4007 (4)
4. Bread board and wires for connection

Theory:
A full wave bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides the
same polarity of output for either polarity of input. Its most common application is for conversion of an
alternating-current input into a direct-current output. And moreover this setup doesn’t need the transformer.

Circuit Diagram:

Results:
Observation:
In this way the circuit converts the AC input voltage to the pulsating DC output voltage. And both the negative
half cycles and the positive half cycles are converted into the pulsating DC.

Objective: 4
For the full-wave bridge rectifier that you designed in (c), add a capacitor in parallel to RL. Choose its values as
follows: 1µF, 10µF, and 100µF, one by one, and trace the voltage across RL vs. input voltage source. Observe
how the Alternating DC voltage is converted into almost constant DC voltage across RL.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED (in PSPICE Simulation Software):

1. Sine Voltage with Amplitude= 5V and Frequency= 1 kHz
2. Resistor 1kΩ
3. Rectifier Diodes 1N4007 (4)
4. Bread board and wires for connection
5. Capacitors of 1uF, 10uF, 100uF

Theory:
The output voltage of the full wave rectifier is not constant, it is always pulsating. In other words, we desire a
DC power supply with a constant output voltage. In order to achieve a smooth and constant voltage
a filter with a capacitor is used.

Circuit Diagram:
 D1
21.08e-21V 0A
D1N4002
V V

D4 D2 212.4e-24V

0A D1N4002 0A D1N4002
V1
VOFF = 0V
VAMPL = 5V
FREQ = 1000Hz 212.4e-27A
284.4e-27A C1 R1
D3
100uF 1k
0A

D1N4002

21.08e-21V
V

0V
0

Result:

1.) C=1uF

2. C=10uF
3. C=100uF
Observation:
The smoothing capacitor converts the full-wave rippled output of the bridged rectifier into a more smooth DC
output voltage. And as the value of the capacitor increases the pulsating DC tends to become the constant DC.

*****