Issue 11.

2004

Engineering Standard LINDE STANDARD

Linde AG
General Noise Specification 910-01
Linde Engineering
Division

Orig.: TAS/Huber Checked: TAS/Dr. Biegner Appr.: TAW-N/Gaebel Total 7 Pages

Replaces Issue 07.2002

Content
Page
1 Scope ............................................................................1
2 Normative References.................................................1
3 Definitions ....................................................................2
4 Noise Control Requirements ......................................2
5 Basic Standards for Noise Control Equipment ........2
5.1 Absorption-Type Silencer ..............................................3
5.1.1 General Design Features..........................................3
5.1.2 Permissible Flow Velocity .........................................3
5.1.3 Absorption Material ...................................................3
5.1.4 Abrasion Protection...................................................3
5.2 Noise Enclosures...........................................................3
5.3 Acoustic Insulation.........................................................4
6 Authority Regulations .................................................4
7 Guarantee .....................................................................4
8 Documents ...................................................................4
9 Determination of the Noise Emission and
Verification of Manufacturers Data ............................4
10 Exceeding of Guaranteed Values...............................5
11 Costs .............................................................................5
12 Regulations of Acceptance Test with regard to
Noise Emission ............................................................5
12.1 Measuring of Airborne Noise .........................................5
12.2 Consideration of Background Noise ..............................5
12.3 Other Measuring Procedures ........................................6
13 General Conditions......................................................6

1 Scope
This specification covers the noise control requirements and the acoustical guarantee and acceptance test
conditions for all equipment relating to noise. Basic requirements for equipment relating to noise, which are
contained in the scope of delivery of the manufacturer are specified in addition.
This specification is valid in connection with the respective noise data sheet only, a supplement to LS 910-01,
which shall be filled in by the bidder and attached to the proposal and which shall serve as contractual
document in case of placement of order.

2 Normative References
This standard contains undated references to other publications. These normative references shall be observed
in addition. The issue valid at the time of placement of order is binding.
98/37/EC Directive 98/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 on the
Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to Machinery
DIN 45635 Measurement of noise emitted by machines
DIN 45641 Averaging of sound levels
DIN 45681 Acoustics - Detection of tonal components of noise and determination of a tone adjustment for
the assessment of noise immissions
EN ISO 1680 Acoustics - Test code for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machines
EN ISO 4871 Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
EN ISO 11201 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions; engineering method in an
essentially free field over a reflecting plane
EN ISO 11202 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions; survey method in situ
 Linde AG - Linde Engineering Division Issue 11.2004 LS 910-01 Page 2

EN ISO 11203 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level
EN ISO 11204 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions; method requiring
environmental corrections
EN 61672-1 Electroacoustics - Sound level meters: Specifications
EN ISO 3744 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure;
Engineering method in an essential free field over a reflecting plane
EN ISO 9614-1 Acoustics; determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity;
Part 1: Measurement at discrete points
EN ISO 9614-2 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity;
Part 2: Measurement by scanning
EN ISO 12001 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Rules for the drafting and
presentation of a noise test code
EN ISO 12001/1 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Guideline for the selection of a
suitable basic measurement method for the determination of the noise emission of a machine
GSGV 3 3. Decree under the Equipment Safety Law (machine noise information decree)
GSGV 9 9. Decree under the Equipment Safety Law (machine decree)

3 Definitions
In this specification the following units are used:
LWA = A-Sound Power Level in dB(A) ref 10-12 W
LW = unweighted Sound Power Level in dB ref 10-12 W
LpA =A-Sound Pressure Level in db(A) ref. 2 x 10-5 N/m²
Lp =unweighted Sound Pressure Level in dB re 2 x10-5 N/m²
LAFTeqj = A-weighted Tact Maximum Averaged Noise Level in dB(A) re 2 x10-5 N/m²
LAeq = time-averaged value of the A-weighted Sound Pressure Level in dB(A) re 2 x10-5 N/m²
Lv = Structural-born Noise Velocity Level across the surface S S averaged in dB re 5 x 10-8 m/s
σ = Radiation Efficiency Term
SS = Impact Noise Measuring Surface in m²
S = Measuring Surface at 1 m distance in m²
Tj = Duration
K1j = Allowance due to impulse character of noise

The designation "noise level" used in the following may be A-Sound Power Level as well as A-Sound Pressure
Level, dependent on the noise control requirements defined in an Additional Sheet.

4 Noise Control Requirements

The max. permissible noise levels shall be taken from the individual noise data sheets. Plus tolerances are not
conceded.
If the radiated noise has a tonal component the max. permissible total level given in the noise data sheets is
reduced by 5 dB(A). The tonal component of a noise shall be determined acc. to DIN 45681.
The permissible noise levels shall apply to the whole scope of supply at actual installed conditions during
normal operation. If acoustical treatments or special methods of installation are proposed to meet the noise
level, such measures shall be described in detail and be incorporated in the plant concerned by considering the
actual State of the Art. For this purpose the requirements acc. to Section 5 Basic Standards for noise control
equipment or project-specific specifications shall be observed.

5 Basic Standards for Noise Control Equipment

If, as part of the scope of delivery of the manufacturer, noise control equipment is necessary in order to fulfil the
noise requirements specified in the noise datasheet, the following basic requirements or project-specific
standards shall be taken into consideration. If there is a contradiction between the requirements named in this
Linde Standard and a project-specific standard, clarification shall be obtained by the supplier from the
purchaser.
Every deviation from the requirements stated here or from project-specific standards must be approved for the
supplier by the purchaser before the contract is awarded.
 Linde AG - Linde Engineering Division Issue 11.2004 LS 910-01 Page 3

5.1 Absorption-Type Silencer

5.1.1 General Design Features
Silencer designs, in which the fluid flows across fillings, for instance, wire-cloth, pellets, gravel or absorption
material, are not permitted.
If the fluid contains more than 70 % by volume oxygen referred to the gaseous state or if the fluid consists of
pure oxygen, the silencer shall be "free from oil and grease".
5.1.2 Permissible Flow Velocity
The max. permissible flow velocity in the gap between baffles is:

2 pS
wzul =
ρF

with pS: permissible dynamic pressure in [N/m²], please see below

ρF: operating density of the fluid in [kg/m³]

The permissible dynamic pressures are:

pS = 350 N/m² for continuous operation
pS = 450 N/m² for start-up and shut-down operations
pS = 650 N/m² for short-time operation, e. g. safety valve blow-outs

5.1.3 Absorption Material

Mineral wool shall be used as acoustically effective lining with a raw density of at least 70 kg/m³.
If the fluid contains more than 70 % by volume oxygen referred to the gaseous state or if the fluid consists of
pure oxygen, mineral wool shall be used with an organic component of less than 0.5 % by weight.
5.1.4 Abrasive Protection
The absorption material shall be protected against abrasion by suitable abrasion protection. To cover the
mineral wool against the gas side, a spun-glass layer from the inside to the outside with at least 12 x 12 threads,
stainless-steel wire mesh with at least 0.2 mm thickness of wire and a perforated sheet shall be used. The
abrasion protection must be firmly connected to the perforated sheet.
The minimum thickness of the perforated sheet is 1.5 mm, whereby the relative free perforation area must not
be less than 30 % and the perforation must not be larger than 6 mm in diameter.
Perforated sheets may only be welded at imperforated edges or with shims.
The collapsing of the absorption material shall be prevented by suitable partitions. The maximum permissible
distance between the partitions is 600 mm.
5.2 Noise Enclosures
All materials used in the noise enclosure, including the absorption material, must not be flammable or oxydizing.
For mechanical protection the absorption material shall be covered on the inner side of the noise enclosure by a
perforated sheet.
For fibrous absorption material, e.g. mineral wool, a suitable abrasion protection shall be provided, e.g. a
laminated spun-glass layer or a spun-glass layer connected to a perforated sheet.
Noise enclosures shall be equipped with a technical ventilation system with a self-acting warning device in the
case of a failure. The requirements in accordance with the hazardous materials/explosion protection regulations
are, where appropriate, to be complied with. The ventilation shall be implemented redundantly.
The design of the noise enclosure shall consider that inspection and regular maintenance work shall be carried
out without fully dismantling the noise enclosure. Thus, easily dismountable maintenance openings or doors
shall be envisaged.
For accessible noise enclosures, min. 800 mm space between equipment surface and noise enclosure wall
must be provided. The noise enclosure shall be equipped with a sufficient number of escape doors so that, in
case of danger, evacuation can be undertaken as quickly as possible and dead ends shall be avoided.
Accessible noise enclosures or areas inside the noise enclosure, which must be accessible for visual
inspections, shall be provided with adequate lighting. If specified the requirements of hazardous
materials/explosion protection regulations shall be taken into consideration.
 Linde AG - Linde Engineering Division Issue 11.2004 LS 910-01 Page 4

5.3 Acoustic Insulation

The required acoustic insulation on pipes, vessels and machines within the scope of delivery shall be specified
by the manufacturer or the package supplier in the process flow diagram, even if this is not included in the
scope of delivery.
For acoustic insulation, the requirements of the project-specific standard for insulation on pipes and vessels are
valid.

6 Authority Regulations
If the facility or the equipment was produced in the EU economic area or is imported or the Directives of the
European Parliament and the Council apply, Directive 98/37/EC (Machines Directive) shall be applied. In
particular, the specification required under Annex I, Section 1.7.4 "Operating Instructions" concerning the air-
borne noise emanating from the machine shall be taken into account. The noise emission of the machine must
be determined by measurements on the machine itself or an identical unit.
The supplier shall specify the noise emission values in accordance with the 3. Decree under Equipment Safety
Law (machine noise information decree) and the 9. Decree under the Equipment Safety Law (machine decree)
and guarantee compliance with these values.

7 Guarantee
The supplier shall guarantee with the order confirmation to meet the noise control requirements of this
specification and that of the attached data sheet.

8 Documents
The bidder shall state in his quotation the noise levels and the octave band levels of each item. This noise
performance will be considered in the evaluation of bids in the awarding of an order.
The procedure for the determination of levels shall be documented. One of the following procedures shall at
least be used for reporting the sound levels:
• Actual measurement in supplier's shop in accordance with the applicable standards.
• Noise test data obtained on a duplicate unit running under identical conditions in an existing plant in
accordance with applicable standards.
• Noise test data obtained on a duplicate unit running under similar conditions in an existing plant in
accordance with applicable standards.
• Calculations, based on empirical methods. In this case the expected deviation must be reported and
also an unconditional guarantee for reaching the level limits.
All data shall be certified by persons knowledgeable and experienced in acoustics, otherwise data shall be
approved by an authorized expert. The purchaser is allowed to contact this expert.
The noise levels shall be reported for max. load and min. load and/or for the whole operating range resp. A
directivity of sound radiation, if any, shall be reported in addition. If required, noise levels for start-up and shut-
down operations shall also be stated.
Environmental influences and operating conditions during the measurements shall be reported according to the
applied standard.
For all acoustical treatments or special methods of installation belonging to the scope of supply, the workshop
drawings of this noise control equipment shall be sent by the supplier to the purchaser for approval prior to start
of manufacturing.
The requirements stated in Section 5 of the present Standard are basic requirements only and do not release
the supplier from his duty to submit the workshop drawings for approval prior to start of fabrication.

9 Determination of the Noise Emission and Verification of Manufacturers Data

The purchaser reserves the right to verify the values guaranteed at the place of installation. The supplier will be
informed of the date of the measurements. If he waives participation in the verification, he accepts the
measurement results. The measurements will be carried out by specialists.
The purchaser reserves the right to be present during the determination of the noise emissions of the machine
in accordance with Directive 98/37/EC undertaken by the supplier and, if necessary, to carry out his own noise
measurements. The supplier shall inform the purchaser at least 5 working days in advance of the date of the
 Linde AG - Linde Engineering Division Issue 11.2004 LS 910-01 Page 5

measurements. The regulations of acceptance tests with regard to noise emission stated in Section 11 shall be
applied.
The purchaser reserves the right to take part in the noise measurements on the equipment during the test run at
the supplier's in accordance with the regulations of acceptance tests with regard to noise emission named in
Section 12. These acoustic measurements shall be performed by the supplier himself or by a specialist
commissioned by the suppler after consultation with the purchaser.

10 Exceeding of Guaranteed Values

If the agreed guarantees are not fulfilled the supplier has the unlimited obligation for correction or new delivery.
A suitable appointed time for correction or new delivery will be fixed by the user or purchaser.
If the guaranteed values are slightly exceeded, the purchaser may at his option accept the system, provided that
authority or customer requirements have nevertheless been met. In this case a penalty must be agreed upon.
If the supplier and purchaser do not agree on the measured values, an independent expert will be involved.

11 Costs
Purchaser pays his own costs for noise measurements on site.
The supplier bears the costs for the noise measurement acc. to Directive 98/37/EC and that for the noise
measurement during the test run at the supplier.
The supplier takes over the costs for manpower and equipment sent for noise measurements on site, if an
exceeding of the guaranteed values has been verified by checking.
Costs for an independent expert, deriving from disagreement about measured values shall be borne by the
party judged by the expert to be at fault.
The supplier shall pay the costs for a rechecking on site after remedy by the supplier.
If noise measurements have shown that the noise reduction measures purchased by the purchaser are not
necessary, although the supplier has considered these measures to be necessary to meet the noise
requirements, the purchaser reserves the right to demand back the additional costs from the supplier.

12 Regulations of Acceptance Test with regard to Noise Emission

When selecting the standard to be applied for noise measurement the application limits shall be considered.
Details for the applicability of the noise measurement standard concerned shall be taken from ISO 12001 and
from the Supplement 1 to ISO 12001 (draft).
12.1 Measuring of Airborne Noise
The noise level will be determined on the basis of ISO 3744, "Determination of sound power levels of noise
sources using sound pressure". The subsequent parts listed in DIN 45635 Supplement 3 can be used in
addition.
12.2 Consideration of Background Noise
Influences of background noise and the place of installation shall be taken into account according to ISO 3744.
Furthermore, an unidirectional microphone can be used for measurements. The necessary corrections are
determined by taking into account the unidirectional characteristic of the microphone and the locations of the
sources to each other.
 Linde AG - Linde Engineering Division Issue 11.2004 LS 910-01 Page 6

12.3 Other Measuring Procedures

12.3.1 If the influence of background noise is too significant to find out the noise level by measuring of
airborne noise, the noise level can be determined by the following procedures:
a) Measuring of impact noise (DIN 45635 Part 8)
Then, the noise level will be determined by:
LWA = LvA + 10 lg SS + 10 lg σ dB(A)

LpA = LWA − 10 lg S dB(A)

An exact determination of the conditions of measurement and measuring points shall be agreed upon
with the supplier.
b) Measuring of sound intensity
The measurement will be performed acc. to ISO 9614-1 and ISO 9614-2
12.3.2 Should procedures become necessary which deviate from the above mentioned regulations, the
determinations and requirements shall be laid down in a separate specification. This specification shall have
priority over the present one.

13 General Conditions
A measuring tolerance according to the noise measurement standards must not be used for the declaration of
the noise level in the noise data sheet.
The total scope of supply is subject to noise measurements.

Revision: Chapt. 5, 6 and 9 new, div. corrections, editorially revised

Previous Issues: 04.88, 02.91, 05.92, 11.94, 10.97, 07.02
Responsible department(s) for the technical content: TAS
Refer to protection notice ISO 16016