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We use at:

1. to refer to a position or location which we see as a point:


I was sitting at my desk.
I am at my desk in my office.
I am at the police station.
I am at my grandparents’ house.
2. to talk about locations at companies, workplaces when we see them as a place of activity:
How many people are working at Microsoft?
There are 400 people working at Microsoft.
My friends are visiting at Apple Company.
The authorities are checking the whole documents at Novacero factory.
I am eating pizza at Chili´s restaurant.
3. to refer to activities which involve a group of people:
Were you at Lisa’s party? (also at the cinema, at the theatre)
My parents are at the cinema.
My students are at the cafeteria.
My neighbors are at the church.
Where is Mrs. Elena?
She is at the church.
4. with school/college/university:
She always did well at school.
My students are at the university.
My students are in the university.
My friends work in Makroz Hotel.
My friends are at Makroz Hotel.
5. to refer to an address:
They once lived at number 12 South George’s Street.
I live at number 37 Palenques street
I live on General Proaño and Palenques street.
6. to talk about public places where we get treatments, such as a hairdresser’s or doctor’s
surgery:
I can’t meet at four. I’ll be at the hairdresser’s until five.
I wait you at the hairdresser at 5 o´clock.
I wait you at 5 o´clock at the hairdresser.
I am at the Galaxy disco.
I am at Rico Pollo.
7. to refer to most shops:
She buys her lunch at Coyote restaurant.
Look what I bought at the Padilla’s today.
Look what I bought at Marathon’s today.
I buy the grocery at Corrales store.
I will wait for you at Vicente´s Leon park at 4 o´clock.
I am buying at apple jeans.

We use on:
1. to refer to a position on any surface:
I know I left my wallet on the table.
She is standing on the floor.
A mosquito is on the wall
2. to describe a position along a road or river or by the sea or by a lake:
Dublin is on the east coast of Ireland.
Pujili is on your right.
Latacunga city is on your left.
Baños City is on the south of Ambato.
Baños City is to the south of Ambato.
Colombia is on the north of Ecuador.
Colombia is to the north of Ecuador.
3. to talk about a floor in a building:
They live on the 15th floor!
Marcelo lives on the second floor.
Marcelo lives on the 11th. Floor.
Go up the stairs, the office is on the 6th floor.
4. to talk about being physically on public transport:
I was on the train when she phoned. (but to talk about ways of travelling, we use by: I went to
Rome by train.)
I´m on a bus going to quito.
I am on the train.
I am on a taxi. I am going to the university by taxi.
I go to Quito by donky
I go to Quito by bus
I go to Quito by taxi
I go to Quito by train
I go to Quito by UBRs
We use in:
1. to talk about locations within a larger area:
Rosa is in Quito in Guamani in her room.
Joshua passes me my glasses which are on the computer in my room, please.
I know my book is somewhere in this room. Can anyone see it?
2. to talk about workplaces when we see them as a physical location:
She works in an open-plan office. (but we use on when we talk about a farm: I’ve always wante
work on a farm.)

My students work in the Malteria Mall.


The teacher works in the UTC.
My friend works in a bakery

Homework:
Write an examples for each rule about at
Write two examples for each rule about on
Write three example for each rule about in
At, by, of, on, in, with, for, to

By:
1. “by” + place
The meaning is: beside, at the side of, next to, close to

examples:

● The house is by a river.


● The house is at the side of a river.
● David lives by a train station.
● The teacher works in the UTC by the Egido stadium.
● I buy the wood by the Modelo market in Ambato.
● I would love to live in a house by the sea.

2. “by” + method of transport


This structure describes how you travel somewhere.

by + train
car
boat
plane
taxi
bus
coach
bike

examples:

● David goes to Manchester by train.


● I go to work by car.
● My parents often go to France by boat.
● Our children have never travelled by plane before.
● We go to the university by bus.
● Most people used to travel by coach.
● My baby goes to Christmas walk by donky.
● My mother goes to the hospital by taxi.

3. “by” + method of communication


This structure describes how you communicate with someone.

by + telephone
   post
email
fax
letter
text

examples:

● I speak to him by telephone.


● I send you the invoice by post.
● Please confirm the order by email.
● Please confirm the order by whats up.
● You should send me the pizza by Globo.
● My parents used to date by romantic letters./ love letters.

4. “by” + method of payment


This structure describes how you pay for something.

by + credit card
cheque
visa
bank transference
in cash
--- cash

examples:

● We paid for the computer by cheque.


● Can I pay by credit card?
● I pay my studies by credit card.
● I buy new dresses by visa
● She travels around the world by plane by credit card.

Note that we do not use “by” for cash payments. We use the
preposition “in”:

● David pays in cash for the newspaper.

It is also possible to omit the preposition completely, particularly in


spoken English:

● David paid cash for the newspaper.

5. “by” and the passive

-Juan Leon Mera wrote the National Hinm.

-The national Hinm was written by Juan


león Mera.

- I eat fish.
- Fish is eaten by me
In the passive voice, “by” indicates WHO is doing the action.

First, let’s look at a sentence using the active voice:

● David is cleaning the kitchen.


● David cleans the kitcken.

In the above sentence, “David” is the person doing the action. When
we convert this sentence to the passive voice, we say:

● The kitchen is being cleaned by David.


● The kitchen is cleaned by David.

Here are some more examples. These are in the past tense:

● Sarah wrote the book. (active)


The book was written by Sarah. (passive)

● Our school organised the concert. (active)


The concert was organised by our school. (passive)

6. “by” + reflexive pronoun


by + myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

This structure means to do something alone.

examples:

● I enjoy reading by myself.


● Sarah is studying by herself.
● Let’s do something by ourselves.
● My parents often go on holiday by themselves.
● I am going to cook by myself
● She is going to study by herself.

7. “by” + -ING verb


This structure describes how to do something. It gives us more
information about how to achieve a particular result.

example:

● You can turn on the radio by pressing that button.


● She earns her life by dancing in a night club.
● Students pass the semester by studying very hard.
● Marcelito buys a nice house by saving a lot of money.

questions
How can I turn on the radio?

answer:
by pressing the button

The phrase “pressing the button” describes how to do something


(how to turn on the radio).

8. “by” + time expression


The meaning of this structure is:  not later than;  before or at a
particular time

We use this structure for deadlines. A deadline is the time before


which something must be done.

examples:

● Guests must vacate their hotel rooms by 11 am.


● Please send us the payment by tomorrow by 4 o`clock
● Students must enrol by the end of June.
● Students must send me the quiz to the platform by 8:12.

Look
Look at : observar, mirar
She looks at the whiteboard
Look for: buscar
She is looking for a job.
She looks for a job
Go
Go into
Come
Addict

Come to after
S+v+c …time ex
She is addicted to you
She is addicted to readings.
She is addicted to trips
She is addicted to alcohol
Link

I love you

Love you.

By: is a versatile preposition which can be used in a number of situations.


Today we take a look at some of its basic uses:
We use by to show how something is done:

We send a postcard or a letter by post.

We contact someone by phone or by email.

We pay for something by credit card or by cash.

Something happens by mistake, by accident or by chance.

BY: https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/how-use

FOR: http://languagelearningbase.com/2412/when-we-use-for-and-when-we-use-to
OF, ABOUT, FOR, WITH, BY : https://www.learngrammar.net/english-grammar/use-of-
prepositions-of-about-for-with-by

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