Unit 3 Quick

revision
by Sharif Borhamy Azmy
( ED3OOLY!!! )
 • Thermoregulation : the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a
tolerable range
• Ectothermic Animals :
◦ They absord heat from their surroundings
◦ examples include many Fish , lizards and most invertebrates.
• Endothermic animals :
◦ Derive body heat mainly from their metabolism
◦ examples include birds , mammals and insects
• Heat exchange with the environment may occur by :
◦ Conduction
◦ Convection
◦ Radiation
◦ Evaporation
• Fever : chemicals called pyrogens released by white blood cells raise the set point of the
thermoregulatory centre causing the whole body temperature to increase by 2-3 C. This helps to
kill bacteria ( + white blood cells work best at this temperature_ and explains why you shiver
even though you are hot.
• Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone( TRH ) : a hormone released by the hypothalamus that
controls the release of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone ( TSH ) from the Anterior Pituitary Gland
( APG )
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone ( TSH ) : an APG Hormone that stimulates normal development
and secretory activities of the thyroid gland.
• Luteinising Hormone ( LH ) : a hormone that stimulates the ovum to liberate from the Graafian
follicle.
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone ( FSH ) : FSH is a hormone that stimulates few follicles to
develop in the ovary and form a matured follicle known as ' Graafian Follicle'.
• The menstrual cycle begins at Puberty and ceases at menopause.
• It takes about 28 days.
• Menstruation is regulated by the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
• Menstruation periods' is the release of the blood-filled lining of the uterus if a woman is not
pregnant. It lasts about 5 days.
• Ovulation is the release of the egg from the ovary between about days 12 to 16.
• A woman will become pregnant if fertilization ( the joining of the egg and the sperm) occurs
several days after ovulation when the egg is in the fallopian tube.
• During Pregnancy menstruation ceases
• Comparison between Nervous and Hormonal Systems
Nervous System Hormonal System
Transmitted by specific neurone cells Transmitted by the circulatory system
Effect locatised by the neurone anatomy Effect localised by target cell receptors
Fast acting ( ms-s) Slow acting ( mins – days )
Short-lived response Long lived response.
• Graafian Follicle : it secretes Estrogen hormone which stimulates the growth of the
Endometrium
• Corpus luteum : It is the ovumless Graafian follicle which produces Progesterone and Estrogen.