AE 15 Aug 19, 2020

Statistics
Science of Statistics deals with the collection, analysis, Classification
interpretation and presentation of DATA. We see and use
1. Nominal Scale Level - data measured is
data in our everyday lives
qualitative; just a list; there is no agreed upon
order; cannot be used in calculations (colors,
names, labels, companies, food)
Exercise:
2. Ordinal Scale Level – can be ordered; difference
Have classmates write down the average time (in hours cannot be measured (List of 5 national parks;
and to the nearest half-hour) they sleep per night. Create a survey questions, Excellent, Good, Satisfactory;
simple graph (dot plot) of the data. A dot plot consists of a Unsatisfactory)
number line and dots (or points) positioned above the 3. Interval Scale Level – definite ordering but there
number line is difference between data; can be used in
calculation (Celsius and Fahrenheit)
Example: 4. Ratio Scale Level – takes care of ratio problem
5, 5.5, 6, 6, 6, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9 and gives the most information. Ratio scale data is
like interval scale data; it has a zero point and
Frequency of Ave. Time Spent Sleeping/Night ratios can be calculated
Activity 1
Identify the level of measurement: nominal, ordinal or
interval in the following variables:
1. Sex -
Nominal
2. Age - Interval
3. Highest educational attainment - Ordinal
4. Annual income - Interval
5. Religion -
Does your plot look the same as or different from the Nominal
example? Why? 6. Social Class - Ordinal
If you did the same example in an English class with the 7. Number of students in a class - Interval
same number of students, do you think the results would
be the same. Why or why not?
Where do your dots appear to cluster?
How could you interpret the clustering?
These questions ask you to analyze and interpret your
data. With this example you have begun your study of
Statistics.
You’ll learn how to organize and summarize data
Descriptive Statistics - Organizing and summarizing data
Inferential Statistics – Formal methods are used for
drawing conclusions from ”good data”
Levels of Measurement & Statistical Operations Level
of measurement – the way a set of data is measured