Sustainable Land Transport

Planning and Strategies

Singapore-IEA Regional Programme on
Sustainable Energy Policies for Smart Cities

Harmesh Singh Dhillon

Manager, Transport Research
Land Transport Authority, Singapore
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1) Background

• Introduction to Singapore
• Key Statistics
• Climate Change Commitments

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 ASIA

SINGAPORE
Land area: 725.1 km2
Population: 5.7 mil
Density: 7,866/km2

Note: Data accurate as of Dec 2019 Source: www.singstats.gov.sg

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 Key Urban Mobility Statistics
~10 mil passenger-trips Serving the movement of
Urban Mobility Sector
daily people and goods

3.5 mil
123,000 MRT/LRT trips
3,500 km
People working in land
Road network
transport industry
3.9 mil
Bus trips
1.4%
Of Singapore’s GDP in 957,000
2017 1.1mil Vehicle population
P2P trips

2.6mil
Active Mobility
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Singapore’s Climate Change Commitments
Singapore accounts for less than 0.2% of global emissions today

2020 Commitment 2030 Commitment (COP21)

• Reduce emissions by 7% to 11% • Reduce Emissions Intensity (EI) by
below business-as-usual (BAU) level 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and
by 2020 or 16% contingent on a
universal legally binding agreement in • Stabilise our emissions with the aim of
2015 peaking around 2030.
• Progress: Singapore is well on track to
meet her 2020 pledge of reducing 2050 Long Term Low-
emissions by 16% below 2020 BAU Emissions Development
Singapore's Emissions (2012) Strategy (LEDS)
Energy and
Transformation
• Halve emissions from its peak to 33
Industries
Industry (Energy Use)
MtCO2 by 2050

Industry (Fugitive • With a view of achieving net zero

Emissions)
emissions as soon as viable in the
Transport
15% second half of the century
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2) Sustainable Transport Strategies

• Land Transport Master Planning

• Approach Towards Greener/Energy Efficient Transport
• Targets and Measuring Success

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 Transport planning is driven by land
use integration
From broader
plans….
Road and Rail Master Long term land use and transport
Plan plans (40-50 year horizon)
Concept Plan
• Broad conceptual plans

Medium term land use and transport

Road and Rail plans (10-15 year horizon)
Safeguarding Plan Master Plan •Staging plans
•Safeguard land needed

Road and rail feasibility studies (5-10

Implementation Plans year horizon)
Feasibility Studies • Technical studies
• Cost-benefit studies
Rail Lines Road Development
Implementation Plan Programme Development Plans (immediate
term)
• TIAs of development proposals
To more specific Bus routes and infrastructure
ones. development

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Land Transport Master Plan(s)
The Land Transport Master Plan presents a road map for the
development of our land transport system. We have refreshed and
reviewed our plans as priorities evolve over time.

1996 2008 2013 2019

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 20-MINUTE TOWNS AND A 45- TRANSPORT FOR ALL HEALTHY LIVES, SAFER JOURNEYS
MINUTE CITY
• Everyone plays a part in fostering a • More space dedicated to public
• All journeys to the nearest
gracious and caring commuting transport, active mobility and
neighbourhood centre using public,
culture community uses
active and shared modes of
transport are completed in less
• More journeys on public, active and • Reduce land transport-related
than 20 mins
shared modes of transport will be fatalities towards a safer ‘Vision
barrier-free, starting with all Zero’ environment
• 9 in 10 peak-period journeys using journeys to public housing estates
public, active and shared modes of and public sector infrastructure • Cleaner energy fleets for a
transport are completed in less healthier environment
than 45 mins

• Public, active and shared modes of

transport are the preferred ways to
travel, accounting for 9 in 10 of all
peak-period journeys

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Approach towards greener and more
energy efficient land transport

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Improving Public Transport Provision

Rail Masterplan (up to 2040 and beyond)

• Transport requirements driven by landuse plans
• Rail network is a result of these transport requirements
• Today, we have 230km of rail network. Estimated eventual
state: more than 400km of rail network

Bus Network – Tender Packages

• All bus routes in Singapore are grouped into 14
packages for economies of scale to attract new bus
operators
• Area-based, centered around depots
• Each depot has 300 – 500 buses

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Improving Public Transport Provision

Integrated Transport Hubs (ITHs) for seamless bus-rail transfers

Yishun

• Today, 9 ITHs across Singapore

seamlessly link bus interchanges and
train stations to commercial
developments.
15 Existing BI/BT (stand-alone), possibly
intensified to ITH

9 Existing ITHs • 1 more to be open later in the year.

1 New ITH under construction (2019)

17 New ITHs under study • Under study: 17 new ITHs.

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Expanding LTA’s active mobility network

Length of Cycling Network

>440km >1,000km
(2019) (by 2040)

Bicycle Parking
Walk2Ride Coverage
>220,000 lots (2019)
Bicycle parking
+47,000
200km
(2018)
350km 267,000 lots (by 2020)
lots within 5
mins’ walk, at
>90% of MRT
(by 2040)
stations

Supporting Infrastructure
Bicycle parking, signage, crossings, wheeling ramps

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 Targets and Measuring Success

LTMP2013 target
8-in-10 households within 10 mins’ walk of MRT station

Today: 6.4-in-10 households By 2030: 8-in-10 households within

within 10-min walk from MRT 10-min walk from MRT station (with
station (with opening of DTL3 in Oct upcoming TEL, JRL, CRL, DTL3ext,
2017) NELext, CCL6)

LTMP2040 Target
ALL WCR JOURNEYS TO 9 IN 10 PEAK PERIOD WCR
NEAREST NEIGHBOURHOOD JOURNEYS IN LESS THAN 45MINS
CENTRE WITHIN 20MINS

20-Minute Towns and a

45-Minute City 100% 90%

Now Now
90% By 2040 66%
By 2040

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3) Electric Vehicle Initiatives

• Past initiatives
• Establishing a National Public Charging Standard
• Singapore’s EV Vision and Future Plans

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 Benefits of EV in Urban Environment

• Double the carbon • EVs emit some 80% • EVs are 4-5 dB
Cleaner Emissions

Quieter Environment
Lesser Heat
efficiency of internal less heat that ICEs less noisy than
combustion engine similar ICEs at low
vehicles (half the • Helps reduce the
speed when
CO2 emission) urban heat island
driving at steady
effect
• No tailpipe speeds*
emissions means
reduced local
pollutants as well
(e.g. NOx, PM, CO)

*Source: L.M. Iversen et al.: Measurement of noise from electrical vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles under urban driving conditions,
EuroNoise 2015

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Electric Vehicle Trials
• Spanned Jun 2011 to Dec 2013 with the aim of testing the technical
feasibility of wide-scale EV adoption in Singapore
EV Phase 1 • Developed local technical reference for installation of EV Charging
Systems (EVCS); TR25

• EVs are technically but not economically feasible

for mass adoption due to their high vehicular
Takeaways costs.
• Fleets identified as first adopters due to their
economic viability (higher mileage)

• BlueSG EV car-sharing programme

• 10-year A-to-B car-sharing program introducing 1,000 EVs
and 2,000 charging points across Singapore
EV Phase 2
• Electric bus trials
• 60 e-bus tender for a large scale fleet trial was awarded on
24 Oct 2018 (to be out in service from 2020 onwards)

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Establishment of
National Public EV Charging Standards
• Type 2 AC and Combo 2 charging systems according to the IEC 61851 and 62196 series
were selected as the National EV Charging Standard for all new public EV charging
infrastructure (as of 1 Aug 2016)

• Facilitates Varying Charging Speeds: Enables faster charging speeds where local grid capacity allows.
This is an essential attribute for nationwide public charging infrastructure (e.g. reduce turnaround time,
alleviates range anxiety, etc.).

• Accommodates Grid Capacity: Singapore’s robust electricity grid is able to support the higher power
requirements of Type 2 charging (3-phase supply available).

• Flexibility and Future-Proofing: Type 2/Combo 2 charging offers greater flexibility to incorporate EV
chargers offering faster charging time. This will help future-proof Singapore for when EV adoption
increases and DC charging can be come more prevalent.

• As of March 2020, the CHAdeMO DC charging standard was added as an Optional Public
Charging Standard (OPCS) to support the development of EV charging infrastructure.

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Electric Vehicles Vision

Phase out ICE

vehicles, all Expand public
100% cleaner
vehicles to run EV charging
energy public
non cleaner network to
bus fleet by
energy by 28,000 points
2040
2040 by 2030

Land Transport Master Plan 2040

Healthy Lives, Safer Journeys

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A brief look at the way forward for EVs
Government Fleets Encouraging
to Lead Adoption
• All new public bus purchases
• An estimated $71mil EV Early
to be cleaner energy (e.g.
Adoption Incentive (EEAI) will
electric or hybrid)
be established
• New bus depots will be
• EEAI will provide 45% off the
equipped to support electric
Additional Registration Fees
bus fleets
(ARF), capped at $20,000, for
EVs registered from 1 Jan
2021
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EV Charging
Infrastructure
• Singapore will see more than
a 10-fold increase in public
charging points by 2030
• The Government will work
with the private sector to
expand the EV public
charging infrastructure from
1,600 points today, to 28,000
by 2030
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Thank you