Life itself constitutes a seperate sphere called ‘Biosphere’. Explain.

Biosphere is the part of Earth where the global ecological system integrates all living beings and their
relationships. It includes all living beings such as microbes, plants and animals in lithosphere, marine
organism in hydrosphere and birds and insects in atmosphere and the interaction between them.
Biosphere extends to any places where organisms of any kind exist.

Why is ecological crisis occured in modern times? What are its effects? (AS4)

As regard to ecological crisis their are many reasons behind it and most of them are due human
activities like the deforestation and also the increasing population. Ecological crisis includes global
warming also that is the releasing of more carbon dioxide by humans. Unfavourable environmental
condition with pollution is also one of them.

These all crises result in global increase of temperature due to global warming which affect life on earth
along with increasing the rate of glaciers melting. Also, it results in environmental changes which is why
many plant and animal species are close to extinction. Additionally ozone depletion results in effecting
all type of life on earth.

Write about the different kinds of forests and climatic conditions of their existence?

Basically, forests are classified as six types. They are

Tropical forest: This type of forest experiences high temperature and abundant rainfall around the year.

Sub-tropical forest: Most of the trees here are adopted to withhold the summer and drought.

Mediterranean forest: Almost all the trees in this forest are evergreen.

Temperate forest: This type of forests have distinctive climate with sufficient rainfall.

Coniferous forest: This type of forests are found in the cold and windy regions.

Mountain forest: Grasslands and mountain woodlands are the most prominent vegetation in this type of
forests.

How can we protect natural resources? (AS6)

The various ways to protect our natural resources are:

1. Reduce-- Reduce the consumption of natural resources as much as possible.
2. Reuse -- Follow the principle of Reuse.
3. Recycle -- Recycling of materials like paper, glass etc is essential.
4. Alternative Sources Of Energy -- Use alternative sources of energy such as Solar Energy for cooking
and heating water.
5. Do Not Waste Water -- Water should not be wasted to avoid water scarcity problems in the future.
Rather than washing our cars, they can be wiped. Instead of using a shower we can use a bucket to bath.
6. Avoid damaging trees and afforestation

Read the paragraph under the title ‘In addition to ...... and soil’ on page 57 and comment on it. (AS2)

From the paragraph, we can understand the effect of industries on the different realms of the earth has
long term effects on the planet. The pollution of air, water and soil impacts directly the plant and animal
life as we are dependent on them.

Also, the gradual increase in the global temperature could lead to catastrophic events on the earth. The
only way to save the environment is to understand our behavior and the impact it has on the balance of
the ecology.