Design Aspects of Process Control

System

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First , Answer this!
1. What are the operational objectives that a control system
is called upon to achieve?
2. What variables should we measure in order to monitor the
operational performance of a plant?
3. What are the manipulated variables to be used to control
a chemical process?
4. What is the best control configuration for a given chemical
process control situation?
5. How is the information, taken from the measurements,
used to adjust the values of the manipulated variables?

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1. Define control objectives
 The control objectives are to
maintain the temperature of
the outlet (T)
 And the volume of the fluid
(V) in the tank at desired
values.

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2. Select Measurements
Primary and Secondary
measurements

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3. Select manipulated variables

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4. Select the control
configuration

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Types of Control configuration
 Feed back  SISO
 Inferential  MIMO
 Feedforward

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5. Design the controller
 In every control
configuration, the controller
is the active element that
receives the information
from the measurements and
takes appropriate control
actions to adjust the values
of the manipulated
variables.

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Classification of the Variables in a Chemical
Process
 Input variables, which denote the effect of the surroundings on
the chemical process.
 Output variables, which denote the effect of the process on the
surroundings.

Variables

Input Output

Manipulated/
Disturbances Measured Unmeasured
Adjusted

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CSTR
Input Variables Output Variables
Manipulated/Adju Disturbances Measured Unmeasured
sted
Fc , F* CAi, Ti,Fi,Tci F*,T,Tco CA

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Tank Heater
Input Variables Output Variables
Manipulated/ Disturbances Measured Unmeasured
Adjusted
Fst,F Ti,Fi V,T

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Elements of Process control Loop
Temperature Control for a Heat DO Control in a Bio-Reactor
Exchanger
Controlled variable- the measured
dissolved O2 concentration
Controlled variable- Outlet temperature
of product stream Manipulated variable- air flow rate to the
Manipulated variable- Steam flow bio-reactor
Actuator- Control valve on steam line Actuator- variable speed air compressor
Sensor- Thermocouple on product Sensor- ion-specific electrode in contact
stream
with the broth in the bio-reactor
Disturbance- Changes in the inlet feed
temperature Disturbance- Changes in the metabolism of
the microorganisms in the bio-reactor
Steam
Setpoint
Product TC
Stream Setpoint

TT
AC AT

Air

Feed Condensate Variable Speed

Air Compressor

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