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Amalkrishna.K.L
Disaster Management Division
Krishna.ses1121@gmail.com

Introduction
Present globalised and consumerised
world need sustainable development
mechanism for the better tomorrow, without
sustainable development we can`t stand here.
Every part of the life need sustainability. For
the energy sustainability SHPs are the good
and viable option for better tomorrow. This
Small Hydro Projects can make a big
difference in many lives

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Energy…
Energy plays a pervasive and
critically important role in the
socio-economy and development
of a country.

• The Sun provides energy that can be

captured in the form of solar power,
wind power and hydro-power.
• However, there is a need for more R&D for
development of efficient technologies, and the public
awareness of the use of renewable energy resources.

Energy policy of India

• Today, India has one of the highest potentials

for the effective use of renewable energy. India
is the world’s fifth largest producer of wind
power after Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the
USA.

• The country has an estimated small-hydro

power potential of about 15000 MW.

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Now our installed capacity is about

1,45000MW. According to the 11th plan we have
to increase our energy capacity to 22,0000MW.
By 2010. But current situation shows we are no
where near the target. If the situation continuous
we will not become developed nation…

How we can achieve this?

1.Bio-Fuels
2.Wind power
3.Oil
4.Nuclear power
5.Solar Energy…

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Here we can see the importance of

What is a DAM…?
Water is the vital
resource to support
all forms of life on the earth. Throughout the
history of the world, dams and reservoirs have
been used successfully in collecting ,
storing and managing water
needed to sustain civilization.

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Is it DAM is harmful to human and

environment ?
While dams provide benefits to our society, their impacts on the surrounding
also to be address…

· Resettlement and relocation

· Socioeconomic impacts
· Environmental concerns
· Sedimentation issues
· Safety aspects
However, these concerns and impacts can be reduced or eliminated by
careful planning, and the incorporation of a variety of mitigation
measures.

Significant issues…!
There are three interconnected specific issues
that have had particular significance in dam
projects, and which need to be dealt with
differently in future developments. They are
resettlement of displaced people and related
socio-economic issues; changes
to existing fisheries and local resource uses;
and effects on ecosystems.

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• To ensure the continued and dependable

delivery of benefits from a dam, the owner
must have a comprehensive plan for
operation, maintenance and rehabilitation. As
dams become older, safe performance
becomes a concern. This requires more
attention in the form of inspections,
evaluations, modifications and upgrading
of the older dams so they meet current
technology, statutes and regulations

Dam safety activities include monitoring structural

performance, developing emergency action plans,
training of dam operators, exercises involving the local
officials and population and implementing risk
reduction actions.
Learning the lessons from
previous dam projects is
mandatory before similar
new initiatives are
undertaken…

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‘DAM and development…”

Our vision and mission
• Vision
The development and management of water and energy
resources address the full range of options and are attained
through institutionalized participatory and transparent
decision-making processes to achieve sustainable outcomes
that benefit all.

• Mission
Promote improved decision-making, planning and
management of dams and their alternatives ,core values and
strategic priorities and other relevant reference materials
through promoting multi stakeholder dialogue at national,
regional and global levels and producing non-prescriptive tools
to help decision-makers.

Why DAMs are important ?

Dams are usually built for one or more engineering and
socio economic purposes…
• To generate electricity for domestic and industrial
uses, and/or for export to obtain income from
foreign sources.
• To store water for irrigation of farmland to
improve crop yields and increase the security of
food supply.
• To hold back water during times of high river
flow to prevent flooding downstream and for
release during low-flow periods.

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Importance…
• Rural electrification and development Job
creation during dam construction and in
subsequent industrial and community
development
• Expansion of social services and improved
infrastructure in the region served by the dam,
for example schools,
hospitals, roads
• Fishing
• Recreational potential of
reservoirs.

• Large hydroelectric dams are among the most

controversial of all types of development
projects. They have been the focus of much
criticism of the World Bank and other
international financing agencies.
In this context don’t think all are alike…’’
• 500–megawatt Pehuenche Hydroelectric Project in Chile
flooded only about 400 hectares of land.
By contrast, the Brokopondo Dam in Suriname inundated
about 160,000 hectares of biologically valuable tropical
rainforest and is known for serious water quality and aquatic
weed problems, while providing relatively little electric
generating capacity (only 30 MW).

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SOLUTIONS…
• Early in a project, at the
concept stage, before site
selection or engineering
plans have been determined, governments, dam
proponents, and planners need to actively involve all
constituents whose lives and rights may be
significantly affected by the proposed dam
development.
• Stakeholders who may bear the risks of a
development are entitled to be consulted on whether
and how the project should proceed.

SOLUTIONS…
• In this way, ideas that
are flawed can be
eliminated before
commitments are made,
and the best option can be
negotiated with justice and fairness for those
who will bear many of the risks and costs.
• Learning the lessons from previous dam
projects is mandatory before similar new
initiatives are undertaken.
`These are something that we can taken care for the
continuous delivery of results that we need…”

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Sustainable Development…!

Sustainable development has

been defined as meets the needs
of present without compromising
the ability of the future generation.

• India`s sustainable work towards reducing

greenhouse gases will ensure that the
country`s per capita emission GHGs will
continue to be low until 2030-31 and it is
estimated that the per capita emission in
2031st will be lower than per capital global
emission of GHG in 2005.

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Sustainable development in India

encompasses a variety of development
schemes in social, cleantech an human
resource segment.
The global trend towards sustainable
development thrust upon cleantech-clean
energy ,clean water and sustainable
agriculture. Which we can achieve through
SHP project especially in Indian context.

‘SHP’’-The hope of future

Small Hydro Power…
SHP is the development of hydroelectric power on the scale
serving a small community or industry with less coast and
minimum impact.
The definition of SHP varies but generating capacity is up to
10MW-30MW.
The small hydro can be sub divided in to mini hydro and micro
hydro
Mini -1000KW
Micro-100KW

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Benefits from Hydropower

• Hydro power is a clean, domestic and
renewable source of energy.

• It does not produce greenhouse gases or other air pollution.

• Hydropower leaves no waste.

• One time capitalization is required for set up of a Hydro

Power station.

• Like other fuel energy like fossil fuel, Water is not destroyed
during the production of electricity – it can be reused for
other purposes.

India`s Hydropower Potential

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Cost factor in Hydropower

Hydro power is the largest renewable energy

source being used for the generation of
electricity. In India, hydro power projects with a
sustain capacity of up to 25MW each fall under
the category of Small Hydro Power(SHP)
India has estimated SHP potential of about
15,000MW, of which about 11% has been tapped
so far. The aim is to install 2% additional power
generation capacity from SHP during the 11th
plan periods.

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Classifications
Classifications of Micro, Mini & SHP in India
• Upto 100KW – Micro Hydro Power
• 101Kw to 2000Kw – Mini Hydro Power
• 2001Kw to 25000Kw – Small Hydro Power

SHP Potential of India

• Potential - 15,000MW.

• Identified Potential - 11,356MW (4554 sites).

• Installed Capacity - 1975MW (602 projects).

• Under Implementation - 649MW (219 projects)

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STATE WISE IDENTIFIED SMALL HYDREL SITES AND POTENTIAL

UP TO 25 MW CAPACITY (as on 31.3.2009 )
S.No Name of State IDENTIFIED NUMBER Total Capacity
OF SITES (in MW)

1 Andhra Pradesh
489 552.29
2 Arunachal Pradesh
566 1333.04
3 Assam
60 213.84
4 Bihar
94 213.75
5 Chhatisgarh
164 706.62
6 Goa
9 9.10
7 Gujarat
292 196.97
8 Haryana
33 110.05
9 Himachal Pradesh
547 2268.41
10 Jammu & Kashmir
246 1411.72
11 Jharkhand
103 208.95
12 Karnataka
128 643.16
13 Kerala 247 708.10
14 Madhya Pradesh 99 400.58

15 Maharashtra
253 762.58
16 Manipur
113 109.10
17 Meghalaya
102 229.81
18 Mizoram
75 166.94
19 Nagaland
99 196.98
20 Orissa
222 295.47
21 Punjab
234 390.02
22 Rajasthan
67 63.17
23 Sikkim
91 265.54
24 Tamil Nadu
176 499.31
25 Tripura
13 46.86
26 Uttar Pradesh
220 292.16
27 Uttaranchal

458 1609.25
28 West Bengal
203 393.79
29 A&N Island
12 7.91
TOTAL

5,415 14,305.47

mnre.gov.in/prog-smallhydro.htm

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•The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES)

supports

•SHP project development throughout the country. So far,

523 SHP projects with an aggregate installed capacity of
1705 MW have been installed. Besides these, 205 SHP
projects with an aggregate capacity of 479 MW are under
implementation.

•With a capacity addition, on an average, of 100 MW per

year and gradual decrease in gestation periods and capital
costs, the SHP sector is becoming increasingly competitive
with other alternatives.

• Fifteen states have announced policies to attract

private sector entrepreneurs to set up SHP projects.
The state electricity regulatory commissions are now
determining tariffs by taking into account the
submissions of all stakeholders including the
developers and the MNES.
• For commercial projects, these states have offered sites
with a total potential of over2300 MW.
• A number of leading financial institutions and banks –
including Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency (IREDA), Power Finance Corporation, Rural
Electrification Corporation, IDBI,IL&FC, and commercial
banks – have started financing SHP projects.

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Recent trends
• More emphasis on Irrigation canal based small
hydro projects (Orissa, A.P)
• Investment seen from private sector in grid
connected run off river projects
( Uttaranchal, H.P)
• More no of stand alone systems for rural
electrification being implemented

Recent trends…

• Improvements in Turbine designs for all small

hydro technologies
• Packaged plant developments
Source: MNES, AHEC, Roorkee

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• Design of Pico turbines (500W range)

• Design of battery chargers from small hydro power
• Increase in efficiency Electronic Load Controller for
micro hydro
• Cost reductions in E&M
• Usage of composites for components
• Use of COANDA system to improve overall small hydro
system efficiency
Source: AHEC Roorkee

Hydropower is the leading source of

renewable energy. It provides more than 97%
of all electricity generated by renewable
sources. Other sources including solar,
geothermal, wind and biomass account for
less than 3% of renewable electricity
production.

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It is the time to re-think how to manage freshwater

resources is one of the greatest challenges facing
the world in the new century. Shape the future
projects to the sustainable development

Dams are one of the greatest inventions of

mankind. It won't be wrong to say that many
of the countries' economies and sustainability
depends on the dams in those countries.
Dams are very important as they not only are
a source of water but also save people from
flooding and the most important thing is that
they provide us with a very cheap source of
producing energy…

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References
• K.R.Saxena, V.M.Sharma, 2005, Dams Incidents and Accidents,Tylor and
Francis publications,190-209.
• CHRONICLE,ISBN NO-0971-4073 VOL XX NO.9,may 2010,134-144
• www.riverkeepers.org
• Benefits and concerns about Dams,International commission on Large
Dams.
• http;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India
• http;//Indianews.com/2006-06/10698-kalam—attend-jatropa-plants-
conservation.htm.Retrived 2006-07-08

When 85 millions of electricity consumers switch off a 60 watts bulb

in peak load time , then we can save 360 mega watts of electricity. if a
450 mega watts of electricity is produced then only consumer get 350
mega watts electricity , cost of production of 1 mega electric watts is
nearly in 8 Crore Indian rupees . So if you switch of one bulb in peak
time you can save a 3600 Crore rupees
Thank you…

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