Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Jessi Hartman
Adam Flournoy
ENGR 45,
SRJC,
Fall 2013
Richmond Refinery Fire August 2012
The destruction of a material by a chemical or
electrochemical process through interaction with its
environment.
Pitting
Both are forms of localized corrosion.
Occur from concentration differences of ions
forming a concentration cell.
Oxidation occurs within the pit or space between
two metals.
Insidious form of corrosion because it can go
undetected with little material loss until failure
occurs.
Corrosion occurs
preferentially along grain
boundaries for some alloys
in specific environments.
Also known as weld decay.
Specific to stainless steels
where heat treatment
allows the formation of
small precipitate particles
that form along grain
boundaries.
This leaves a chromium
depleted zone that is
highly susceptible to
corrosion.
• Occurs when one element is
preferentially removed from an
alloy during the corrosion process.
• This leaves behind a porous and
weak material susceptible to failure.
• Example: The dezincification of
Brass. Zinc is selectively leached from
the alloy and leaves behind the
reddish copper in the region
bereft of Zinc.
Occurs because of
chemical reactions
combined with
mechanical wear
from abrasive fluids
Erosion
in motion.
Commonly found in
pipes and especially
around bends and
elbows or where
there are changes in
pipe diameter.
Increased fluid
velocity = increased
corrosion rate.
Example: Richmond Refinery!
Cracks grow
perpendicular
to grain
boundaries
because of
applied tensile
stresses
combined with
a corrosive Stress Crack
environment.
Our goal was to simulate the effect of acid rain, a
uniform corrosion, on various metals and alloys
commonly used for building and tool materials.
The experiment was conducted within a temperature
range of 50 to 70 degrees degrees Fahrenheit.
A plastic non-reactive tank was used for the control
environment.
0.01 M Sulfuric Acid was used to simulate the corrosive
environment; about 100x stronger than normal acid
rain.
Samples used for Acid Rain simulation
Monel Stainless
Zinc Copper Steel Aluminum Steel
Brass
Failure during
cold working
Annealed Stainless Steel Stainless Steel touching Monel Steel
Annealed Stainless Steel Stainless Steel touching Monel Steel
Annealed Stainless Steel Stainless Steel touching Monel Steel
Annealed Stainless Steel Stainless Steel touching Monel Steel
Effects of CW on Hardness
120
100
80
Rockwell Hardness B
60
40 Cold Worked
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
-20
-40
-60
1 – Copper “Effect of cold‐work on corrosion of metals in general is
2 – Aluminum greatest when a second phase precipitates to form active
3 – Stainless Steel galvanic cells, whereas the increase in internal energy of a
4 – Brass disarrayed metal lattice has little if any effect. Preferred grain
5 – Monel Steel orientation of surface metal sometimes resulting from
6 – Zinc cold‐work may either increase or decrease corrosion.”(3)
No measurable difference in loss of mass. Scales used were
not able to measure difference in pre and post weights of
metal samples.
No difference in hardness after 3 weeks corrosion testing.
Samples did not have enough time to sufficiently degrade.
Corrosion of unannealed stainless steel possibly through
galvanic corrosion.
Corrosion of aluminum not cold worked possibly from
crevice corrosion. Sample was laid flat on the bottom of
the tank.
No effect of corrosion on hardness before and after
corrosion testing.
Sacrificial Anode
Oxidation-Reduction
reaction without an
oxide barrier or
surface coating
Choose corrosion resistant materials
Prevent accumulation of water, salts, gasses within
structures
Inspect C.C.P. (Critical Control Points) regularly with
non-destructive techniques.
Don’t let this happen to you!
1 - Callister, Jr., William D. and David G. Rethwisch
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction.
Eighth ed. USA: Wiley, 2010. Print.
2 - Serway, Raymond A., and John W. Jewett, Jr. Physics
for Scientists and Engineers. Eigth ed. Belmont:
Brooks/Cole, 2010. Print.
3 – Journal of the Electrochemical Society
http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/111/5/522.abstract
Certain images used courtesy of open internet domain