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III

Research – the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order
to establish facts and reach new conclusions;
 A careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem
using scientific methods.
 A systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control observed
phenomenon – Earl Robert Babbie, Sociologist
 Creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new
and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and
understandings
 Synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new
and creative outcomes.
Why conduct Research?
There are three applied research courses – PR1, PR2, and III
The main purpose of research
1. To inform action
2. To prove a theory
3. To contribute to developing knowledge in a field of study
Importance of Research
1. A tool for building knowledge and for facilitating learning
2. Means to understand various issues and increase public awareness
3. An aid to business success
4. A way to prove lies and support truths
5. Means to find, gauge and seize opportunities
6. A seed to love reading, writing, analyzing and sharing valuable information
7. Nourishment and exercise for the mind
Research in a Nutshell
1. To confirm/validate existing knowledge
2. To negate/challenge existing knowledge
3. To contribute to existing knowledge
4. To improve the quality of life (applied research/technology-driven research)
Descriptive-Statistical Method – combination of qualitative and quantitative methods
 One method is given priority over the other
Things to Consider in choosing a topic
1. Scope. You may need to start broad and let your research take you narrower.
2. Originality. Choose a topic that will allow you to contribute to the field rather
than reiterate facts.
3. Sources. Choose a topic that has scholarly grounding
Chapter 1 - The Problem and its Setting
 Introduction
 Statement of the Problem
 Scope and Delimitation
 Significance of the Study
 NOTES
Introduction – focus on the general statement of the problem/thesis statement
 International, national, regional, provincial, identified locale
Chapter 2 – Review of Related Literature and Studies
 Related Literature
 Related Studies
 Synthesis of the state-of-the-art
 Research Gaps
 Theoretical Framework
 Theoretical Paradigm
 Conceptual Framework
 Conceptual Paradigm
 Definition of Terms
 NOTES
Chapter 3 – Research Design and Methodologies
 Research Method
 Sampling Design
 Key-Informants/Respondents
 Sources of Data
 Research Instrument
 Research Procedure
 Statistical Treatment
 NOTES

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