José Rizal

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This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Mercado and the
second or maternal family name is Realonda.

José Rizal

Born José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso

Realonda[1]

June 19, 1861[2]

Calamba, Laguna, Captaincy General of the

Philippines, Spanish Empire [2]

Died December 30, 1896 (aged 35)[3]

Bagumbayan, Manila, Captaincy General of

 the Philippines, Spanish Empire [3]

Cause of death Execution by firing squad

Monuments Luneta Park, Manila,

Calamba, Laguna,
Daet, Camarines Norte,
Carson, California

Other names Pepe, Jose (nicknames)[4][5]

Alma mater Ateneo Municipal de Manila (BA)

Universidad Central de Madrid (MD)
University of Santo Tomas

Organization La Solidaridad, La Liga Filipina

Spouse(s) Josephine Bracken (1896)[6]

Francisco Rizal Mercado (father)

Parents
Teodora Alonso Realonda (mother)

Relatives Saturnina Hidalgo (sister)

Paciano Rizal (brother)

Signature

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda [7] (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse riˈsal];
June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the
tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is tagged as the national
hero (pambansang bayani) of the Filipino people.[8] An ophthalmologist by profession,
Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which
advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain.
He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after the
Philippine Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not
actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which
eventually led to Philippine independence.
He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been
recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee.
However, no law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially
proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero.[9] He was the author of the
novels Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo, and a number of poems and essays.[10][11]