1) According to Wikipedia, Values can be described as general preferences concerning appropriate

courses of actions or outcomes.

The formation of values is an unconscious process that is shaped by our childhood experiences,
learning, religion, culture, customs, our family and society.
Values generally colour decisions, choices, and behaviour. These, in turn, influence our attitudes to
work and relationships at work. An individual whose values include hard work diligence and respect
for others would bring these values to bear on his work and relationship.

(2)Perception affects how we process, understand, interpret, and respond to reality. Hence it is often
easy to accept perception as reality.

(3) Behaviours, directly and indirectly, affect how we work and our output. Malicious behaviour does
not encourage or support productivity because there is the creation of disharmony around the
workplace. Employees feel dissatisfied and therefore perceive coming to work as a burden or stress,
and they, therefore, do not give their best to the job.

(4) Organizational leaders should identify the presence and the source of harmful behaviour in the
work environment and make an effort to address the causes. Leaders in organizations should create
an effective communication channel between them and all their employees and also promote good
interaction among employees by routinely organizing social engagements within the organization.
The organizational values and standards must be clearly communicated to every employee, and the
leaders should reward any staff that is consistent in upholding these values, this will encourage other
employees to imbibe and possibly internalize the importance of the organization gradually.
These will work together to promote a positive work environment further.
References
Psychology Wiki. Personal Values. Retrieved from https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Personal_values
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