Running head: EXAM 1

Ancient Greece Exam

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Section I
EXAM 2

Directions: Be able to identify each of the people/objects/places/terms/events below. In a short

answer, explain why are they significant and how they influenced Early Western History?

1-Identify the historical significance of the cities of Melos and Mytilene during the

Peloponnesian Wars

The ancient cities of Melos and Mytilene bear the historical significance of a legacy for liberty

during the Peloponnesian wars. For instance, in modern times, the interpretation of the

Peloponnesian wars within the context of the Melian Dialogue is seen as a class of liberal and

realis ideals.

2-Identify the historical significance of Euclid

Euclid systematized ancient Near Eastern and Greek geometry and mathematics. Thus, Euclid

wrote The Elements that are used widely today in geometry and mathematics.

3-Identify the historical significance of Socrates

Socrates is seen as the founding father of Western philosophy. He is credited with the Socratic

technique which meant arguing points of areas such as justice and truth through questioning

4-Identify the historical significance of the Parthenon

Parthenon was a testament to glory and wealth. It was an expression of and embodiment of

ancient Greece wealth through Athenian cultural and political preeminence.

5-Identify the historical significance of Ostraca

EXAM 3

In ancient Greece, ostraca were the basis of keeping records of culture and politics. Through

ostraca, it is now possible to understand ancient Greece through preserved libraries. more than

other cultures that have been lost.

6-Identify the historical significance of the Battle of Thermopylae

The Battle of Thermopylae was a battle of cultures pitting Persian and Greek forces. It

symbolized the survival of Western civilization as known today as it resited a near conquest by

Eastern civilization that was led by political Islam.

7-Identify the historical significance of the Battle of Marathon

The battle of Marathon was a moral victory of the Greeks over the Persia. Specifically, it opened

doors for the Athenian way of life seen as the foundations of all western cultures.

8-Identify the historical significance of Helots

Helots were the people of Messene taken by Spartan families to work as slaves. Thus, helots

signify the establishment of slavery as an institution especially after Sparta became wealthy

under their efforts.

9-Identify the historical significance of the Greek play Trojan Women

The Trojan Women is considered as an artistic and innovative portrayal of the aftermath and

consequence of the devastating Trojan War. It depicts be cruelty and barbaric behavior of

barbarians and people of Euripides to children and women who were noncombatants.

10-Identify the historical significance of Cimon

EXAM 4

Cimon had a domestic policy in ancient Greece that was largely anti-democratic. His policy

failed. However, Cimon was successful as a military leader by defending Greece against Persian

aggression.

Section II

Directions: Be prepared to answer the following questions. Answer the question completely and

include some discussion of primary sources, where appropriate, to support your answer.

1-In what ways did the Hellenistic period dismantle ethnic divisions, and what were the

consequences?

In the Hellenistic period, ethnic divisions were dismantled through cultural diffusion accentuated

by four main philosophies that guided the Greek and other communities in that period.

Epicureanism taught people to be passive in order to get good friends and a good life. It enables

communities to live in peace and achieved cosmopolitanism. Cosmopolitanism was taking an

interest in the culture of others. People also practiced stoicism. It encouraged people to adopt

logos as a way of life thereby providing standards of good living. Logos became the basis of

philosophical emphasis on Christianity as a transcendent universal love and personal fulfillment.

Christianity overcame the alienation of different cultures and races. Through skepticism, people

were taught that to be happy, they had to follow the crowd. Those who went against society and

had no locally were said to practice cynicism and thus repudiated against. The consequences

were the achievement of peace between warring factions and the acceptance of other people's

culture. From small events such as intermarriages between different ethnic groups, cultural;l

diffusion culminated in barbarians and Greeks diffusion their transitional distinction and the
EXAM 5

Romans institutionalizing Greek Stoic universalism as the foundations of Romal law. Thus, the

collective culture of the Hellenistic period had a mix of different cultures.

2-What did it mean to be a homosexual in ancient Greece?

In ancient Greece, homosexuality was a common practice. It took the form of pederasty which

literally means lust for children. In ancient Greece, pederasty took place between erastes ; a male

above 20 years and a young male called the eromenos. Erastes kept a beard and played the active

role in the relationship akin to a husband in early marriage setups. The adolescent kept no beard

and remained a passive partner. The eromenos never took initiative, was unexcited, and

remained shy. It is thouht that when the The eromenos grew a beard, the relationship was over.

The eromenos becomes erastes and had to look for their own eromenos.

Comedy playwrights such as Aristophanes depict eromenos dressed in gowns, wigs, and bras

thus looking like women. The older partner in the relationship displayed ancient sexual behavior

akin to that of a substitute father. Thus, the erastes oversaw the growth of the eromenos through

to maturity and taught him manhood. The erastes further initiated the eromenos into the Greek

customs that governed grown up people. Further, theerastes showed affection through gifts and

the eromenos showed apprecetiaon through sexual reciprocity. Therefore, in ancient Grece, to be

homosexual meant the freedom to explore oneself's sexuality within set parameters.

section 1 should be 2 to 3 sentences and section 2 should be 200-250 words