9781133110873_0801.

qxp 3/10/12 6:52 AM Page 398

398 Chapter 8 Complex Vector Spaces

8.1 Exercises
Simplifying an Expression In Exercises 1–6, determine 42. p!x# " x3 ! 2x2 ! 11x # 52 Zero: x " !4
the value of the expression. 43. p!x# " 2x3 # 3x2 # 50x # 75 Zero: x " 5i
1. "!2"!3 2. "8"!8 3. "!4"!4 44. p!x# " x3 # x2 # 9x # 9 Zero: x " 3i
4. i 3 5. i 4 6. !!i#7
Operations with Complex Matrices In Exercises
Equality of Complex Numbers In Exercises 7–10, 45–54, perform the indicated matrix operation using the
determine x such that the complex numbers in each pair complex matrices A and B.
are equal.
$21"#2ii 1
$1 ""3i 3i
7. x # 3i, 6 # 3i A!
"3i % and B! %
"i
8. !2x ! 8# # !x ! 1#i, 2 # 4i 45. A#B 46. B!A
9. !x 2 # 6# # !2x#i, 15 # 6i 47. 2A 48. 1
2B
10. !!x # 4# # !x # 1#i, x # 3i 49. 2iA 50. 1
4 iB

Plotting Complex Numbers In Exercises 11–16, plot 51. det!A # B# 52. det!B#
the number in the complex plane. 53. 5AB 54. BA
11. z " 6 ! 2i 12. z " 3i 13. z " !5 # 5i
55. Proof Prove that the set of complex numbers, with the
14. z " 7 15. z " 1 # 5i 16. z " 1 ! 5i operations of addition and scalar multiplication (with
real scalars), is a vector space of dimension 2.
Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers In
Exercises 17–24, find the sum or difference of the
complex numbers. Use vectors to illustrate your answer. 56. Consider the functions
17. !2 # 6i# # !3 ! 3i# 18. !1 # "2i# # !2 ! "2i# p!x# " x 2 ! 6x ! 10 and q!x# " x 2 ! 6x # 10.
19. !5 # i# ! !5 ! i# 20. i ! !3 # i# (a) Without graphing either function, determine
whether the graphs of p and q have x-intercepts.
21. 6 ! !!2i# 22. !12 ! 7i# ! !3 # 4i# Explain your reasoning.
23. !2 # i# # !2 # i# 24. !2 # i# # !2 ! i# (b) For which of the given functions is x " 3 ! i a
Scalar Multiplication In Exercises 25 and 26, use zero? Without using the Quadratic Formula, find the
vectors to illustrate the operations geometrically. Be sure other zero of this function and verify your answer.
to graph the original vector.
25. !u and 2u, where u " 3 ! i 57. (a) Evaluate i n for n " 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
26. 3u and ! 32u, where u " 2 # i (b) Calculate i 2010.
(c) Find a general formula for i n for any positive integer n.
Multiplying Complex Numbers In Exercises 27–34,
find the product. 58. Let A " $0i 0i %.
27. !5 ! 5i#!1 # 3i# 28. !3 # i#! 23 # i#
(a) Calculate An for n " 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
29. !"7 ! i#!"7 # i# 30. !4 # "2i#!4 ! "2 i#
(b) Calculate A2010.
31. !a # bi#2 32. !a # bi#!a ! bi#
(c) Find a general formula for An for any positive
33. !1 # i#3 34. !2 ! i#!2 # 2i#!4 # i#
integer n.
Finding Zeros In Exercises 35–40, determine all the
True or False? In Exercises 59 and 60, determine
zeros of the polynomial function.
whether each statement is true or false. If a statement is
35. p!x# " 2x 2 # 2x # 5 36. p!x# " x 2 # x # 1 true, give a reason or cite an appropriate statement from
37. p!x# " x 2 ! 5x # 6 38. p!x# " x 2 ! 4x # 5 the text. If a statement is false, provide an example that
39. p!x# " x 4 ! 16 40. p!x# " x 4 # 10x 2 # 9 shows the statement is not true in all cases or cite an
appropriate statement from the text.
Finding Zeros In Exercises 41–44, use the given zero 59. "!2"!2 " "4 " 2 60. !"!10#2 " "100 " 10
to find all zeros of the polynomial function.
41. p!x# " x3 ! 3x2 # 4x ! 2 Zero: x " 1 61. Proof Prove that if the product of two complex numbers
is zero, then at least one of the numbers must be zero.