Hello Mummy & Daddy

I am Ms Indu Jain, the author of this e-book and Founder of my company Key2practice
(our logo is No Tuitions Required). At this outset, I am delighted to present this book to
you. A teacher and a mother of two children. Living both of these roles gives me the first-
hand experience to say that Maths is considered as the most dreadful subject of all to
most of the students.

Children fear it - Parents avoid it.

Maths Phobia and lack of concept connection as a result leads them into giving up on the
subject and resort to tuitions.

The goal of this e-book is to connect with your child and clarify their Math concepts. By
breaking it down in easy steps that Math becomes a subject of self-study (a dream come
true for parents).

Phobia and anxiety towards the subject are sometimes a child’s own.
Sometimes passed down (unknowingly of course) by the parents.

How can this book help you and your child.

1. Parents can use it as a reference guide. As concepts explained in the book

are applicable for Grade 1-5.
2. Makes it easy for them to apply Maths in everyday life.
3. Inculcates the habit of self-study and make them independent.
4. Eliminate their Math Phobia.

DO NOT let negative experiences of their past block their learning and understanding
Maths.

This e-book is part-1 in the series. If you are looking for a particular concept/topic
addressed in our next series.
Do email us the same on key2practice@gmail.com

Wishing a very Happy Easy Maths to you and your child!

Together we can!

Indu Jain
Author & Founder
Maths Hons. from Lady Sri Ram College for Women and Post graduate from
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Delhi), Rich teaching experience
of more than 20 years, Delhi Public School.
Crafted with love by key2practice.
Contents
Sheet Nos. Topic

Maths Ebook
1 Ascending or descending order
1 Predecessor or Successor
2 Ordinal numbers (1-100)
3 Roman numbers
3 Seven basic symbols
3 Some basic rules
4 Roman numerals from 1 to 50
4 Few more roman numerals
5 Place value and Face value
5 Prime numbers
6 Prime numbers from 1 to 20
6 Prime numbers from 1 to 100
7 How to check if a number is prime?
7 Check 3505 is prime or composite
8 Factor and Multiples
8 How to find multiples of a number
8 How many multiples can a number have
8 How to check a number is a factor of another given number
9 Prime Factorisation
9 Check is it prime factorisation or not
10 Method 1 Factor tree method
10 Method 2 Division method
11 LCM - Least Common Multiple
11 Finding LCM by Division Method
11 Fractions
11 A Whole
12 A Whole Divided into Equal Parts
12 What is a fraction
12 Fraction of shaded and unshaded parts
13 Fraction of collection
13 Numerator and Denominator
13 Types of Fractions
14 How to convert an improper fraction to mixed fraction.
14 How to convert a mixed fraction into improper fraction.
15 Reciprocal
15 Half, One third, a Quarter
16 Divisibility test
16 Divisibility test by 2
17 Divisibility test by 3
17 Divisibility test by 5 Name:
18 Divisibility test by 4
18 Divisibility test by 6
18 Divisibility test by 9
 Ascending or Descending order
In ascending order, numbers are arranged from Small to Big.
(छोटे से बड़ा)

45 101 731 9999

23
Here numbers increase in value.

In descending order numbers are arranged from BIG to small.

(बड़े से छोटा)

19812 982 644 232 50

Here numbers decrease in value.

Predecessor or Successor

508
< 509
< 510

Predecessor Successor
(Number which (Number which
comes Just before) comes Just after)

(Predecessor)
P प (पहले)

Sheet No: 1 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Ordinal numbers (1-100)
An ordinal number tells the position or order of something which is in
a list.
Ordinal
Ordinal numbers from 1 - 20 मतलब
1st
First
2nd
Second
3rd
Third
4th
Fourth
5th
Fifth
order
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth

11th 12th 13th 14th 15th

Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth

16th 17th 18th 19th 20th

Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth

10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
position position position position position position position position position position

Ordinal numbers which end in ‘st’

1st, 21st, 31st, 41st, 51st, 61st, 71st, 81st, 91st and so on

Ordinal numbers which end in ‘nd’

2nd, 22nd, 32nd, 42nd, 52nd, 62nd, 72nd, 82nd, 92nd and so on

Ordinal numbers which end in ‘rd’

3rd, 23rd, 33rd, 43rd, 53rd, 63rd, 73rd, 83rd, 93rd and so on

Rest end in ‘th’

20th Twentieth 30th Thirtieth 40th Fortieth
50th Fiftieth 60th Sixtieth 70th Seventieth
80th Eightieth 90th Ninetieth 100th Hundredth

How do we read them?

21st Twenty first 22nd Twenty second
23rd Twenty third 24th Twenty fourth and so on
Sheet No: 2 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
 Roman numbers
Roman numbers originated in Rome. Roman number are formed
using seven basic symbols..
Seven basic symbols.

I, V, X, L, C, D, M

I = 1 X = 10 C = 100
M = 1000
V = 5 L = 50 D = 500

Some basic rules

1. A symbol can be repeated maximum 3 times. (तीन से ज्यादा नहीं )
II = 2 III = 3
IIII
XX = 20 XXX = 30 Not allowed

2. Only I, X, C and M can be repeated.

3.
X V I X

If this symbol is lesser If this symbol is lesser

we do addition we do subtraction

X + V = 10 + 5 X - I = 10 - 1
= 15 =9

XVII = 10 + 7 XC = 100 - 10
= 17 = 90

Sheet No: 3 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Roman numerals from 1 to 50

1 I 11 XI 21 XXI 31 XXXI 41 XLI

2 II 12 XII 22 XXII 32 XXXII 42 XLII
3 III 13 XIII 23 XXIII 33 XXXIII 43 XLIII
4 IV 14 XIV 24 XXIV 34 XXXIV 44 XLIV
5 V 15 XV 25 XXV 35 XXXV 45 XLV
6 VI 16 XVI 26 XXVI 36 XXXVI 46 XLVI
7 VII 17 XVII 27 XXVII 37 XXXVII 47 XLVII
8 VIII 18 XVIII 28 XXVIII 38 XXXVIII 48 XLVIII
9 IX 19 XIX 29 XXIX 39 XXXIX 49 XLIX
10 X 20 XX 30 XXX 40 XL 50 L

Few more roman numerals.

700 DCC
10 X 60 LX 200 CC
800 DCCC
20 XX 70 LXX 300 CCC
900 CM
30 XXX 80 LXXX 400 CD
1000 M
40 XL 90 XC 500 D
2000 MM
50 L 100 C 600 DC
3000 MMM

Roman Roman Roman numerals

numerals are used numerals are are mentioned on
to refer to kings, often seen on buildings to show
popes etc. clock faces. year of
construction.

Dalai Lama XIV

MCMLXXI

Henry VIII

Sheet No: 4 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Place value and Face value
Face value of a digit is the digit itself (irresepctive of its place in the
number). Tth Th H T O
4 6 7 1 2
Face value of 4 is 4 Face value of 2 is 2

Face value of 6 is 6 Face value of 1 is 1

Face value of 7 is 7

Place value of a digits depends upon its position in the number.

Tth Th H T O
4 6 7 1 2
4 is in ten thousands place 2 is in ones place
Place value of 4 is 4 x 10,000 Place value of 2 is 2 x 1 = 2
= 40,000
1 is in tens place
6 is in thousands place Place value of 1 is 1 x 10 = 10
Place value of 6 is 6 x 1000
= 6000 7 is in hundreds place
Place value of 7 is 7 x 100 = 700

Place value and face value of ‘0’ is

always ‘0’ irrespective of position
in the number.

Prime numbers
(िसफर् दो)
A number which has exactly two factors, is a prime number. To understand
For example 5 has only two factors 1 & 5 meaning of
Factors, go to
So 5 is a prime number. page 8.

(दो से ज्यादा)
A number which has more than two factors, is a composite number.
For example 1, 2, 3, 6 are factors of 6. (6 has more than two factors.)
So 6 is a composite numbers.
Sheet No: 5 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
 Prime numbers from 1 to 20.
Number of Prime or Number of Prime or
Number Factors Number Factors
Factors Composite Factors Composite
1 1 1 16 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 5 Composite

2 1, 2 2 Prime 17 1, 17 2 Prime

3 1, 3 2 Prime 18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 6 Composite

4 1, 2, 4 3 Composite 19 1, 19 2 Prime

5 1, 5 2 Prime 20 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 7 Composite

6 1, 2, 3, 6 4 Composite

7 1, 7 2 Prime

8 1, 2, 4, 8 4 Composite
1 is neither
9 1, 3, 9 3 Composite
prime nor
10 1, 2, 5, 10 4 Composite

11 1, 11 2 Prime
composite as
12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 6 Composite it has exactly
13 1, 13 2 Prime one factor.
14 1, 2, 7, 14 4 Composite

15 1, 3, 5, 15 4 Composite

1 Prime number Composite numbers

It has These have These have

exactly one factor exactly two factors more than 2 factors
(िसफर् एक) (िसफर् दो) (दो से ज्यादा)

Prime numbers from 1 to 100.

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91
1 is neither
prime nor 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92
composite as
it has exactly 3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93
one factor.
4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96
7 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97
8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98
9 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Composite numbers Prime numbers
Sheet No: 6 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
 How to check if a number is prime?
Let’s check 71 Let’s check 93 We always
check divisibilty
Add 1 Subtract 1 Add 1 Subtract 1 by 6 here
71 + 1 = 72 71 - 1 = 70 93 + 1 = 94 93 - 1 = 92

If either of 72 or 70 is divisible If either of 94 or 92 is divisible by 6,

by 6, than 71 is a prime number. than 93 is a composite number.
1 2 1 5 1 5
6 7 2 6 9 4 6 9 2
- 6 - 6 - 6
1 2 3 4 3 2
- 1 2 - 3 0 - 3 0
0 remainder = 0 4 remainder = 0 2 remainder = 0
means 6 divides 72 6 does not divide both 94 & 92
71 is a prime number. 93 is a composite number.

Check 3505 is prime or composite.

3505 - 1 = 3504 3505 + 1 = 3506
5 8 4 5 8 4
6 3 50 4 6 3 50 6
-3 0 -3 0
5 0 5 0
- 4 8 - 4 8
2 4 2 6
- 2 4 - 2 4 (इसे चेक करने की
ज�रत नहीं है क््योंिक
0 remainder = 0 2
3505 Prime number
means 6 divides 3504 है, यह बात पता चल
3505 is a prime number. चुकी है)

2 is the only prime number which is

even. Rest all prime number are odd.

Sheet No: 7 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Factor and Multiples
3 x 5 = 15
a factor a multiple
here, 3 is factor here, 15 is multiple of 3
of 15
a factor
and 5 both
here, 5 is factor
of 15 Factors को आपस में multiply
करने से Multiple िमलता है

Factors are those Multiples are those

numbers which are numbers which we
multiplied to get a get by multiplying 2 or
product. more than 2
numbers.

24 = 2 x 3 x 4

Here 24 is a multiples of 2, 3 & 4 Here 2, 3 & 4 are factors of 24

How to find multiples of a number ?

For example Multiples of 3.
Perform skip counting of 3 to find multiples of 3.
Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39 . . . . . . . . . . .

How many multiples can a number have ?

Multiples of a number are infinite that means you can go on finding
multiples as many as you want.

How to check a number is a factor of another given number.

For example Check if 6 a factor of 252 ?
42 Divide 252
6 252 by 6 and
-2 4 check
12
-12 remainder
0 remainder = 0

Since remainder comes out to be zero, We say 6 is a factor of 252.

Sheet No: 8 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Don't m
iss me!
not a
No
factor
Check
Divide remainder = 0
or = 0 Yes
is a
Factor

Prime Factorisation
When a number is expressed as a product of its factors, it is called
factorisation.
Check is it prime factorisation or not ?
24 = 2 x 3 x 4 (This is factorisation of 24)
24 = 2 x 3 x 4 This is not a prime factorisation

Check is it prime factorisation or not ?

24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 (This is also factorisation of 24)
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 All prime factorisation
This is prime factorisation
Let’s make it more clear through an example :-
48 can be written Ask Answer Results
in many ways.
This is not a prime
48 = 1 x 48 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is not a prime
= 2 x 24 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is not a prime
= 3 x 16 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is not a prime
=8x6 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is not a prime
=2x2x6x2 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is not a prime
=4x2x6 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is not a prime
=8x3x2 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation
This is prime
=2x2x2x2x3 Are all factors prime ? Yes
factorisation
This is not a prime
= 12 x 4 Are all factors prime ? No
factorisation

अगर सभी Factors, prime हो, तो हीे Prime factorisation होता है

Sheet No: 9 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
 A number can play the role of a factor as well as a multiple. How?
(एक नंबर कभी Factor हो सकता है, और कभी Multiple भी)
6 = 2 x 3 12 = 6 x 2
Here 6 is a multiple. Here 6 is a factor.
(यहाँ 6 multiple है ) (यहाँ 6 factor है )
Method to find prime factorsation. How to find prime factor of a
number ?
Method 1 Factor tree method.
Find prime factors of 240 (यहाँ तीन तरह से करके िदखाया है) Answer will come out same.

6 divides 2 divides 3 divides

240 240 240 240 240 240
Step 1 6 40 Step 1 2 120 Step 1 3 80

2 3 4 10 2 60 4 20
2 30 2 2 4 5
2 2 2 5
2 15 2 2
Continue dividing until you are left 3 5 We encircle only
with is all prime numbers. prime factors.
Prime factors of 240 are 2, 3 and 5
Prime factorisation of 240 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5

Method 2 Division method.

Find prime factors of 400 & 420.

2 400 400 ÷ 2 = 200 2 420 420 ÷ 2 = 210

7
f
5

and
2, 3 rs o

2 200 3 210 210 ÷ 3 = 70

re 2 rs
and

200 ÷ 2 = 100
o

are acto
of 4 me fact

2 100 2 70
,5

100 ÷ 2 = 50 70 ÷ 2 = 35
420 rime f

2 50 50 ÷ 2 = 25 5 35 35 ÷ 5 = 7
00 a
Pri

5 25 25 ÷ 5 = 5 7 7 7÷7=1
P

5 5 5÷5=1 1
1
400 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 420 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7

Prime factorisation Prime factorisation

Sheet No: 10 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 LCM - Least Common Multiple
Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, . . . . . . .
L C M
Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, . . . . . . .
Least Common Multiple
Common multiples of 2 and 3 are 6, 12, 18, . . . . . .
(जो दोनों में हो) सबसे छोटा सब में हो Multiple हो
Least common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6
(जो दोनों में हो और सबसे छोटा हो )

Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, . . . . . . . .
Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, . . . . . . . .
Multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, . . . . . . . .
Common multiples of 2, 3 and 4 are 12, 24, . . . . . .
(जो तीनो में हो)
Least common multiple of 2, 3 and 4 is 12
(जो तीनो में हो और सबसे छोटा हो )

Finding LCM by Division Method

÷ ÷
2 12, 15,18 12 ÷ 2 = 6, 2 does not divide 15, 18 ÷ 2 = 9
3 6, 15, 9 6 ÷ 3 = 2, 9 ÷ 3 = 3, 15 ÷ 3 = 5
2 2, 5, 3
3 1, 5, 3
5 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1
LCM of 12, 15 and 18 = 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 180

Fractions
To understand fractions, it is necessary to understand whole first and
how a whole is divide into equal parts.
A Whole
This part is
missing

This part is
missing

A Whole Not a Whole A Whole Not a Whole

Sheet No: 11 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
 A Whole Divided into Equal Parts

Divided into Divided into Divided into Divided into

equal parts unequal parts equal parts unequal parts

What is a fraction?
It is a special type of number. It shows how many parts of a whole are selected.
There is a method to write a fraction.
This is how
a fraction
4 It has a number on top

looks like 9 It has a number at the bottom

Fraction of shaded and unshaded parts.

4 parts are selected 5 parts are selected 7 parts are selected

out of total 9 parts out of total 9 parts out of total 9 parts

Number of Number of Number of

shaded parts shaded parts shaded parts
Fraction of Fraction of Fraction of
4 5 7
shaded parts = shaded parts = shaded parts =
9 9 9
Number of Number of Number of
total parts total parts total parts

Number of Number of Number of

unshaded parts unshaded parts unshaded parts
Fraction of Fraction of Fraction of
5 4 2
unshaded parts = unshaded parts = unshaded parts =
9 9 9
Number of Number of Number of
total parts total parts total parts

Sheet No: 12 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Fraction of collection.

Number of red Number of green

apples apples
Fraction of Fraction of
9 6
red apples = green apples =
15 15
Number of total Number of total
apples apples

Numerator and Denominator

Special names are given to these numbers on top and bottom of a fraction.
4 NUMERATOR

9 DENOMINATOR

Types of Fractions
Unit fractions
In these fractions numerator is always 1.

For example 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 etc.

3 7 15 3

Proper fractions
In these fractions, numerator is always smaller than the denominator.

For example 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 , 25 etc.

7 9 3 25 151
(3 < 7) (4 < 9) (1 < 3) (2 < 25) (25 < 151)
Numerator < Denominator

Improper fractions
In these fractions, numerator is always greater than the denominator.

For example 4 , 11 , 100 , 41 etc.

3 7 51 20
(4 > 3) (11 > 7) (100 > 51) (41 > 20)
Numerator > Denominator

Sheet No: 13 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

Mixed fractions
These fractions are combinations of a whole number and a fraction.

For example
2
2
3
a whole number a Fraction
2 wholes + 2 = 2 2
3 3
(Fraction of shaded parts)
One more example

1 = 5 1
5 wholes + 4 4
(Fraction of shaded parts)

How to convert an improper fraction to mixed fraction.

1 Quotient This is quotient
11 = 7 11 11 4 This is remainder
7 - 7 1
7 7
4 Remainder
Remember, denominator
remains same
One more example Convert 52 into mixed fraction.
3
quotient
17 quotient
3 52 52 17 1
remainder
-3 =
3 3
22
-21 Remember, denominator
1 remainder remains same

How to convert a mixed fraction into improper fraction.

Convert 3 2 into improper fraction.

7
2 23
3 =
7 7

Sheet No: 14 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

2 2 p 2
3
7
3
7 ste 2 23
m
ep 1 Fro 3 =
3 x 7 From st 21 + 2 7 7
= 21 = 23

Remember, denominator
remains same
Reciprocal
Reciprocal of a number is fpond by interchanging numerator and denominator.
Means
Numerator becomes denominator
For example Denominator becomes numerator

Reciprocal of 2 =
3 This was denominator but now it is numerator
3 2 This was numerator but now it is denominator

Reciprocal of 4 = 7
7 4

Reciprocal of 1
8
= 8
1 ( 81 can also be written as simply 8 )
Reciprocal of 5 = 1
5 ( 5 is equal to 5
1
)

Half, One third, a Quarter

When a whole is divided into two equal parts, each part is one-half or
half of the whole.
A whole

half
half half
half

Numeric form of half is 1

2
Sheet No: 15 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
When a whole is divided into three equal parts, each part is one-third.

one third one third

one third one third

one third one third

Numeric form of one-third is 1

3

When a whole is divided into four equal parts, each part is one-fourth.

one fourth one fourth

one fourth one fourth

one fourth one fourth

one fourth one fourth

Numeric form of one-fourth is 1 1

or one-fourth is also know as a quarter
4 4

Divisibility test
Divisibility test by 2

If the number ends with 0, 2, 4, 6, or

8, then the number is divisible by 2.

For example 5630 , 9712 , 5944 , 8326 , 2018

ends with 0 ends with 2 ends with 4 ends with 6 ends with 8

All these numbers are divisible by 2.

All even numbers are divisible by 2

Sheet No: 16 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Divisibility test by 3

Add all digits of a number. If the sum

is divisible by 3, then the number is
also divisible by 3

For example Check if 36945 is divisible by 3?

3 + 6 + 9 + 4 + 5 = 27
multiple of 3/ divisible by 3
36945 is also divisible by 3.

Check if 289148 is divisible by 3 or not?

2 + 8 + 9 + 1 + 4 + 8 = 32
not a multiple of 3/ not divisible by 3.
289148 is not divisible by 3.

Divisibility test by 5

If a number ends with either

'5' or '0' then the number
is divisible by 5.

For example 6890 , 1095

ends with 0 ends with 5

These numbers are divisible by 5.

Check if 255007 is divisible by 5 or not?

255007
not a multiple of 5/ not divisible by 5.

255007 is not divisible by 7.

Sheet No: 17 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com

 Divisibility test by 4

If the number formed by the last

two digits is divisible by 4.

For example 148924

divisible by 4

148924 is also divisible by 4

Divisibility test by 6

If a number is divisible by 2 and 3

both, then it is divisible by 6 also.

For example Check if 192246 is divisible by 6 or not?

192246 ends with 6 1 + 9 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 6 = 24 divisible by 3

It is divisible by 2. It is divisible by 3.

is divisible by 2
Since 192246 So it is divisible by 6.
is divisible by 3

Divisibility test by 9

Add all digits of a number. If the sum

is divisible by 9. Then the number is
divisible by 9

For example Is 194751 divisible by 9?

1 + 9 + 4 + 7 + 5 + 1 = 27
this is divisible by 9
194751 is divisible by 9.
Sheet No: 18 | Maths | Ebook | © www.key2practice.com
Do this and Become champion!

Visit
Do daily practice www.key2practice.com
and have clear
To purchase
concepts.
practice Worksheets