“Gh.

Asachi” Tehnical University of Iaşi Faculty of Civil and Building Equipment Engineering
67, D. Mangeron Blvd., Iaşi, 700050, România 43, D. Mangeron Blvd, Iaşi, 700050, România
tel: +40+232-278680 tel: +40-232-278680/1479, fax: +40-232-233368
www.tuiasi.ro www.ce.tuiasi.ro
Department of Structural Mechanics
tel: +40-232-278680/1447, tel/fax: +40-232-239213
www.ce.tuiasi.ro/english/departments/mechanics.html

Earthquake Engineering

a lecture delivered to the 4th year students

by
Fideliu Păuleţ-Crăiniceanu, Associate Professor
tel: +40-232-278680/1488
Lecture 1 fideliu@ce.tuiasi.ro, www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~fideliu
 EE course outline
Lecture Laboratory Exam Final
physical physical
homework written mark
presence presence

10% 20% 30% 40% 100%

14 → 10 14 → 10 1p → 1. theory
13 → 9 13 → 9 1p → 2. theory
(H1+H2+H3+H4)/4
1p → 3. theory
12 → 8
0-11 → 0
12 → 8
0-11 → 0
1p → 4. theory ?
2p → 5. theory
not ≥ 8 condition
compulsory to exam 4p → 6. problem
≥ 5 condition to exam
 EE laboratory outline
Week no /
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
homework
H1
mark 10 9 8 7 6 5

H2
mark 10 9 8 7 6 5

H3
mark 10 9 8 7

H4
mark 10
 Structural Mechanics
• Theoretical Mechanics
• Strength of Materials
•
y
Elasticity Theory A
q (N/m) P (N)
B x
C D E

• Structural Statics 30

20
Top Tower Accel. Resp. Fc.
VA a b
l
c d VB

• Structural Dynamics
10
Magnitude (dB)

El-Centro NS 1940
0
0.3

Acceleration (m/s2)
-10
0.2

• Structural Stability -20

-30
10
-1
10
0
no control
control
reduced
non-hinged

1
10
0.1
0.0
-0.1
Frequency (Hz)

• Earthquake Engineering
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (sec)
 Contents of Lectures
• Seismology for Civil Engineers
• Seismic Analysis of SDOFS
• Seismic Analysis of MDOFS
• Romanian Earthquake Engineering
Code, P100
• New Trends in Earthquake Engineering
• Case Study
Structures
 Natural Disasters
• Floods
• Land-slides
• Volcanoes
• Typhoons, hurricanes,
cyclones, storms, tornadoes
• Draught
• Fires
• Earthquakes
• Tsunamis
Floods
Land-slides
Strong winds
Volcanoes
Draught
Fires
Tsunamis
Tsunamis
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Earthquakes
 Earthquakes

Soil liquefaction and “sand blow” due to earthquakes

However, life goes on !
 Seismology for Civil Engineers
introduction

• Earthquake Engineering → mitigating earthquake hazards

planning, designing, constructing, and managing stages
• Earthquake Engineering → part of Structural Dynamics
strain and stress states
optimize the earthquake-resistant structures

• Geophysics, Geology, Seismology, Vibration Theory, Structural

Mechanics and construction techniques
Earthquake Engineering

• Geology → Seismology
causes, propagation, recording, Earth's structure, generation
mechanisms, history, prediction etc.
Seismology
for Civil
Engineers
introduction

List of major
earthquakes and
life losses
 Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth
Geological history of the Earth starts 4500 Ma ≡ our Galaxy

Earth Today’s shape

Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth
History of the hominin species
Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

External
views of the
Earth
 Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Internal
structure of
the Earth
 Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Crust
Mantle Mohorovicic
discontinuity
Outer core
Inner core 2900km 5 60km
3500km

Internal structure of the Earth

Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Internal structure of
the Earth
Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Internal structure of the Earth

Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Internal structure of the Earth

 Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

SIAL ~2.7g/cm3
SIMA ~2.9÷3.0g/cm3

Basaltic layer 5÷20km

Sediments 15 20 km
Granite layer 10 40 km
Basaltic layer 10÷40km

subduction

Internal structure of the Earth

Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Internal
structure of
the Earth
Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Internal structure of the Earth

Seismology for Civil Engineers
structure of the Earth

Temperature and thermal dynamics inside the Earth

Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas

70 N NORTH
AMERICAN EURASIAN
PLATE PLATE
50 N

30 N PILIPPINE
10 N PACIFIC PLATE
PLATE AFRICAN
10 S NAZCA SOUTH PLATE INDIAN
30 S
PLATE AMERICAN AUSTRALIAN
PLATE PLATE
50 S
ANTARCTIC PLATE
ANTARCTIC PLATE

120 W 60 W 0 60 E 120 E

Main tectonic plates

Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
 Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas

Global
plate
motion
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas

Oceanic-continental convergence
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas

Continental-continental convergence
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas

Oceanic-oceanic convergence
Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas

Seafloor magnetic striping

Seismology for Civil Engineers
seismic areas
 References
• Păuleţ-Crăiniceanu, F. Earthquake Engineering,
Editura Cermi, Iaşi, 1999
• Physics Dept. Univ. of Wisconsin
http://physics.uwstout.edu/Statstr/Strength/index.htm
• Earth Observatory
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/
• FEMA http://www.fema.gov/
• Wikipedia
• National Geophysical Data Center
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ngdc.html