ANATOMY OF

RESPIRATORY
TRACT
P R E S E P TO R :
M . E R I A S E R L A N G G A , d r. , S p . A n

BAGIAN/SMF ANESTESIOLOGI DAN TERAPI INTENSIF

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
RUMAH SAKIT Dr. HASAN SADIKIN BANDUNG
2020
 RESPIRATORY TRACT

UPPER RT LOWER RT

• Nose • Trachea
• Nasal cavity • Bronchi
• Pharynx • Lungs
• Larynx
ANATOMY OF
UPPER
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
 UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT→NOSE
• Function:
– Warming, moistening, filtering
– Detecting olfactory stimuli
– Modifying speech vibrations
• Surface: root, apex, bridge, external nares

Terdiri dari:
• External portion
– Bone: frontal bone, nasal bone, maxillae bones
– Hyalin cartilage: septal nasal, lateral nasal, alar
• Internal portion
– nasal cavity: superior, middle, inferior meatus
– Lateral: ethmoid, maxillae, lacrimal, palatine, inferior
nasal conchae
– Floor: hard palate
UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT→PHARYNX
• 13 cm
• Internal nares →cricoid cartilage
• Posterior dari nasal & oral cavity
• Superior dari larynx
• Anterior dari cervical vertebrae
• Fungsi:
– Saluran napas dan makanan
– Resonating chamber for speech sounds
– Houses the tonsils
• 3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT→LARYNX
• Menghubungkan laryngopharynx & trachea
• Anterior dari esofagus
• C4-C6
• 9 cartilage
– 3 single: thyroid, epiglotis, cricoid
– 3 pairs: arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate
UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT→LARYNX

• Larynx cavity
– Laryngeal vestibule
– Infraglottic cavity
• Rima vestibulli
• Rima glottidis
ANATOMY OF
UPPER
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
LARYNX

• The larynx is the complex organ of voice production (the

“voice box”)
• composed of nine cartilages connected by membranes and
ligaments and containing the vocal folds (“cords”)
• located in the anterior neck at the level of the bodies of
C3–C6 vertebrae
SKELETON OF LARYNX
The laryngeal skeleton
consists of nine
cartilages:
•three are single
(thyroid, cricoid, and
epiglottic)
•three are paired
(arytenoid, corniculate,
and cuneiform)
INTERIOR OF LARYNX
The laryngeal
cavity includes the:
• Laryngeal
vestibule
• middle part of
laryngeal cavity
• laryngeal
ventricle
• infraglottic cavity
 THE VOCAL FOLDS

The vocal folds control sound production. The apex of each wedge-shaped fold
projects medially into the laryngeal cavity. Each vocal fold contains a:
• vocal ligament, consisting of thickened elastic tissue that is the medial free
edge of the conus elasticus
• vocalis muscle, composed of exceptionally fine muscle fibers immediately
lateral to and terminating at intervals relative to the length of the vocal
ligaments
MUSCLES
• Extrinsic laryngeal muscles
– Infrahyoid -> depressors of the hyoid and larynx
– Suprahyoid -> elevators
• Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
– Cricothyroid
– Thyro-arytenoid
– Posterio crico-arythenoid
– Lateral crico-arythenoid
– Transverse and oblique arythenoids
– Vocalis
VESSELS & NERVE

• Arteries : Superior & Inferior thyroid arteries -> larygeal

arteries
• Veins : Superior & inferior laryngeal vein
• Nerve : CN X (Vagus)
– Superior & inferior laryngeal nerve
TRACHEA
• fibrocartilaginous tube, supported by incomplete
cartilaginous tracheal cartilages (rings), that occupies a
median position in the neck
• The posterior gaps in the tracheal rings are spanned by
the involuntary trachealis muscle
• Approx. diameter 2.5 cm (Adults), a pencil (infants)
• C6 vertebra to sternal angle (T4-T5 IV disc)
BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENTS
Main bronchus
(Left&Right) ->
secondary (lobar) ->
tertiary
(bronchopulmonary
segments)
BRONCHIOLES & ALVEOLUS
Tertiary segmental bronchi ->
conducting bronchioles -> terminal
bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles
-> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs