• Using information about conduction, convection, radiation

and thermal properties of different materials, describe ways

in which heat loss from buildings can be decreased during
winter. 


Heat loss can be prevented in a number of ways, but an effective one that will
reduced heat loss is by using double glazing.Double glazing is a unique kind of
window that has air and vacuum in between the two panes of glass. If the double
glazing has a vacuum there will be no conduction or convection because vacuum is
the worst conductor and if it is made with air between the glass then convection will
be minimised because there will be a very small heat loss by conduction.

According to Cyberphysics.co.uk, Double glazing involves putting an extra layer of

glass in front of a window pane. This can be either installing a sealed glass unit or
adding an extra pane that has not been sealed . The two layers of glass have a small
air gap between them which will limit the heat loss to a very low amount.

In secondary glazing, an inner frame is normally added to the existing window and
the extra pane is often made to open out - some condensation will occur within such
units.

The trapped air inside is the insulator. And even thought that it does not stop heat
being conducted, it does slow it down a lot.The air gap in between is too narrow to
allow air to circulate which reduces the rate of heat transfer by convection.The
trapped air reduces the rate of heat loss through the window by conduction and
convection. The room in the house therefore stays warmer for longer reducing
heating costs.
Therefore showing that the method of double glazing is a reliable one and shows
how heat loss can be reduced by implementing this

• !Suggest changes which can be made and/or additional

features which can be used to keep the buildings cool
during summer

House insulation:

Insulation is layer of material within walls, floor, roof and ceilings.It is used to
moderate the temperature inside a house as it makes the house easier to keep in cool
during the summer as the majority of heat transfer takes place through the roof and
ceilings which makes insulation essential.Insulation works by slowing heat
movement between two materials. It uses dead air space or cells within a material to
trap air and slow heat flow between objects of differing temperatures. Uninsulated
walls, heat travels through them easily. This means on a cold day, heat will start
disappearing. House insulation uses the concept of conduction.Conduction is the
movement of heat through a material without the movement of the material itself.

Getting light coloured blinds:

Drawing up blinds as it will block out as much direct sunlight as possible.The sun
rays will heat the air in the house as they will heat the counters and floors as those
tend to have high heat capacity as they will store that heat and continue to radiate it
over the night.Getting light coloured blinds will also make this action more efficient
as they will reflect rather than absorb the sun’s heat, and open them again at night
when it’s cool.This is due to the concept of radiation which is the transfer of thermal
energy in the forms of electromagnetic waves.These waves are known as infra red
radiation which is part of the electro magnetic spectrum.When absorbed, the energy
of the waves transform into thermal energy.Its concept suggest that a black object
absorbs all wavelengths of light and converts them into heat, so the object gets warm.
A white object reflects all wavelengths of light, so the light is not converted into heat
and the temperature of the object does not increase noticeably.

USING A FAN NETWORK:

By improving the air flow in a house. Use open windows to move cool air through
the house, rather than just having fans blow it around in a circle. One fan blowing
into a room from the door, for example, and another blowing hot air out of the
window, creating a good air flow.This will happen because when a window is open,
the cool air will rush in and when the fan is placed pointing out in another room, it
will blow warm air out and create a low pressure system in the house which will suck
the cool air into the house from the window that was left open.This follows the
concept of convection.Convection is the process through which heat is transmitted
from one place to another by the movement of heated particles in a gas or liquid.The
fan network system follows the concept of convection current which are flowing fluid
that is moving because there is a temperature or density difference within the
material.Because particles within a solid are fixed in place, convection currents are
seen only in gases and liquids. A temperature difference leads to an energy transfer
from an area of higher energy to one of lower energy.This is why the cool air will
enter the other window when the fan is pointing outside.
 • Discuss the impacts of having such kind of buildings. 


Environmental:
Green buildings positively influences our climate and overall ecosystem by
reducing water use and energy sources that pollute our environment, such as coal and
carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere.One of the most important benefits of
green buildings is that it does not pollute the environment. Thus, eliminating harmful
toxins from being released to the environment but instead using non-harmful
substance that will not pollute the environment by using sources like water and wind.

Economic
Green buildings offer a number of economic or financial benefits, which are relevant
to a range of different people or groups of people. These include cost savings on
utility bills for tenants or households (through energy and water efficiency); lower
construction costs and higher property value for building developers; increased
occupancy rates or operating costs for building owners; and job creation.

• Draw a model of a green building based on the suggestions

provided. 

Here is the concept of double glazing:

House Insulation concept:

Light coloured blinds:

Fan network system:

References
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