20 electronics interview questions an

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Electronics interview questions and answers

Electron
ics
1. What is a p-n junction diode? State and explain some of its Enginee
ring
applications. - Electronics Elec
tronics
engg
2.What is a transistor? What are its applications? - Electronics interview 1
Elec
3.What is Band Gap Theory? - Electronics tronics
engg
interview 2
4.What do you understand by LEDs? How do they work? - Elec
Electronics tronics
engg
interview 3
5.What is the construction of a Solar Cell? How is EMF generated? - Elec
tronics
Electronics engg
interview 4
6.What is a Stage? Explain its functioning. - Electronics Elec
tronics
engg
7.Briefly explain the construction and application of a JFET. -
 interview 5
Elec
Electronics tronics
engg
8.Explain Capacitance, Inductance, Resistance. - Electronics interview 6
Se
miconducto
9.What’s a microprocessor? - Electronics rs,
Transistors
RL
10.What are Encoders and Decoders? - Electronics C Circuits
test
11.What is the difference between LED and LCD? - Electronics Net
work
Theory test
12.Explain the construction and pros of using plasma screens. - Dio
Electronics des and
power
supplies
13.What is Power Electronics? test
AC
Fundament
14.How do touch screens work? - Electronics als test
Vac
15.What is a BJT? What are its advantages and disadvantages? - uum Tubes
test
Electronics

16.What is a rectifier, what are its various types?- Electronics

17.What is a Zener diode? - Electronics

18.Discuss the role of Electronics in the medical world.

19.What are Laser Diodes? - Electronics

20.Explain digital circuits and the various components used in

creating them? - Electronics

1. What are electronic devices and components?

2. What is an analogue circuit? Explain with an example.
3. What are digital circuits?
4. What are the building blocks of a digital circuit?
5. What are integrated devices?
6. What is noise in reference to electronic circuits?
7. State Faraday`s law of induction.
8. What is the Gauss`s law?
9. State the Kirchoff`s laws.
10. Explain in detail Norton`s theorem.
11. Explain in detail the Thevenin`s theorem
12. What is voltage drop?
13. What is a resistor?
14. What is an inductor?
15. What are the different construction techniques in
electronics?
16. What is a flip-flop?
17. What are the different types of flip-flops?
18. Explain how to convert a
19. State the differences between a flip-flop and a latch?
20. What does a tristate signal in electronics signify?
21. With the help of diagram explain a CMOS inverter.
22. What is a diode in reference to electronics?
23. What is an amplifier?
24. State the differences between power amplifier and voltage
amplifier.
25. What is conductance? How is it measured?
26. What are RLC circuits?
27. What are FET`s?
28. What are the various logic gates?
29. Which semiconductor device is used as a voltage regulator
and why?
30. What is the zener breakdown?
31. What is avalance breakdown?
32. Describe the sampling theorem.
33. What is an idea current source?
34. What are filters?
35. What are the different types of filters?
36. Explain the working of FIR filters?
37. State the differences between FIR and IIR filters?
38. What are chebushev filters? Explain?
39. What is modulation? Explain in detail.
40. Explain the working of a multiplexer.
41. How can the race-around problem be solved?
42. What is CMR?
43. What is ASCII in reference to electronics?
44. What is an EEPROM?
45. What is a waveform used for in reference to electronics?
46. Explain with the help of a diagram the functioning of an
adder.
47. What were vacuum tubes used for?
48. What are schmitt triggers?
49. What is a DSP?
50. Explain what is an ASIC?
51. Explain what is an FPGA?
52. How is thermal management done in electronic circuitry?
53. How is CAD used with electronics? Give example.
 

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ECE 

The Electronic reference is very usefull for my interview 

Thirumurugan A 12-16-2015 11:29 PM 

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Electronics Interview Questions
 672966

1. What is Electronic?
The study and use of electrical devices that operate by controlling the flow of
electrons or other electrically charged particles.
 
2. What is communication?
Communication means transferring a signal from the transmitter which passes
through a medium then the output is obtained at the receiver. (or)communication
says as transferring of message from one place to another place called
communication.

3. Different types of communications? Explain.

Analog and digital communication.
As a technology, analog is the process of taking an audio or video signal (the human
voice) and translating it into electronic pulses. Digital on the other hand is breaking
the signal into a binary format where the audio or video data is represented by a
series of "1"s and "0"s.
Digital signals are immune to noise, quality of transmission and reception is good,
components used in digital communication can be produced with high precision and
power consumption is also very less when compared with analog signals.

4. What is sampling?
The process of obtaining a set of samples from a continuous function of time x(t) is
referred to as sampling.

5. State sampling theorem.

It states that, while taking the samples of a continuous signal, it has to be taken care
that the sampling rate is equal to or greater than twice the cut off frequency and the
minimum sampling rate is known as the Nyquist rate.

6. What is cut-off frequency?

The frequency at which the response is -3dB with respect to the maximum
response.

7. What is pass band?

Passband is the range of frequencies or wavelengths that can pass through a filter
without being attenuated.

8. What is stop band?

A stopband is a band of frequencies, between specified limits, in which a circuit,
such as a filter or telephone circuit, does not let signals through, or the attenuation is
above the required stopband attenuation level.

9. Explain RF?
Radio frequency (RF) is a frequency or rate of oscillation within the range of about 3
Hz to 300 GHz. This range corresponds to frequency of alternating current electrical
signals used to produce and detect radio waves. Since most of this range is beyond
the vibration rate that most mechanical systems can respond to, RF usually refers to
oscillations in electrical circuits or electromagnetic radiation.

10. What is modulation? And where it is utilized?

Modulation is the process of varying some characteristic of a periodic wave with an
external signals.
Radio communication superimposes this information bearing signal onto a carrier
signal.
These high frequency carrier signals can be transmitted over the air easily and are
capable of travelling long distances.
The characteristics (amplitude, frequency, or phase) of the carrier signal are varied
in accordance with the information bearing signal.
Modulation is utilized to send an information bearing signal over long distances.

11. What is demodulation?

Demodulation is the act of removing the modulation from an analog signal to get the
original baseband signal back. Demodulating is necessary because the receiver
system receives a modulated signal with specific characteristics and it needs to turn
it to base-band.

12. Name the modulation techniques.

For Analog modulation--AM, SSB, FM, PM and SM
Digital modulation--OOK, FSK, ASK, Psk, QAM, MSK, CPM, PPM, TCM, OFDM

13. Explain AM and FM.

AM-Amplitude modulation is a type of modulation where the amplitude of the carrier
signal is varied in accordance with the information bearing signal.
FM-Frequency modulation is a type of modulation where the frequency of the carrier
signal is varied in accordance with the information bearing signal.

14. Where do we use AM and FM?

AM is used for video signals for example TV. Ranges from 535 to 1705 kHz.
FM is used for audio signals for example Radio. Ranges from 88 to 108 MHz.

15. What is a base station?

Base station is a radio receiver/transmitter that serves as the hub of the local
wireless network, and may also be the gateway between a wired network and the
wireless network.

16. How many satellites are required to cover the earth?

3 satellites are required to cover the entire earth, which is placed at 120 degree to
each other. The life span of the satellite is about 15 years.

17. What is a repeater?

A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher
level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal
can cover longer distances without degradation.
 
18. What is an Amplifier?
An electronic device or electrical circuit that is used to boost (amplify) the power,
voltage or current of an applied signal.

19. Example for negative feedback and positive feedback?

Example for –ve feedback is ---Amplifiers And for +ve feedback is – Oscillators

20. What is Oscillator?

An oscillator is a circuit that creates a waveform output from a direct current input.
The two main types of oscillator are harmonic and relaxation. The harmonic
oscillators have smooth curved waveforms, while relaxation oscillators have
waveforms with sharp changes.

21. What is an Integrated Circuit?

An integrated circuit (IC), also called a microchip, is an electronic circuit etched onto
a silicon chip. Their main advantages are low cost, low power, high performance,
and very small size.

22. What is crosstalk?

Crosstalk is a form of interference caused by signals in nearby conductors. The
most common example is hearing an unwanted conversation on the telephone.
Crosstalk can also occur in radios, televisions, networking equipment, and even
electric guitars.

23. What is resistor?

A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by
producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in
accordance with Ohm's law:
V = IR.

25. What is inductor?

An inductor is a passive electrical device employed in electrical circuits for its
property of inductance. An inductor can take many forms.

26. What is conductor?

A substance, body, or device that readily conducts heat, electricity, sound, etc.
Copper is a good conductor of electricity.

27. What is a semi conductor?

A semiconductor is a solid material that has electrical conductivity in between that of
a conductor and that of an insulator(An Insulator is a material that resists the flow of
electric current. It is an object intended to support or separate electrical conductors
without passing current through itself); it can vary over that wide range either
permanently or dynamically.

28. What is diode?

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal device. Diodes have two active electrodes
between which the signal of interest may flow, and most are used for their
unidirectional current property.

29. What is transistor?

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or
switch electronic signals. The transistor is the fundamental building block of
computers, and all other modern electronic devices. Some transistors are packaged
individually but most are found in integrated circuits

30. What is op-amp?

An operational amplifier, often called an op-amp , is a DC-coupled high-gain
electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs[1] and, usually, a single output.
Typically the output of the op-amp is controlled either by negative feedback, which
largely determines the magnitude of its output voltage gain, or by positive feedback,
which facilitates regenerative gain and oscillation.
31. What is a feedback?
Feedback is a process whereby some proportion of the output signal of a system is
passed (fed back) to the input. This is often used to control the dynamic behaviour of
the system.

32. Advantages of negative feedback over positive feedback.

Much attention has been given by researchers to negative feedback processes,
because negative feedback processes lead systems towards equilibrium states.
Positive feedback reinforces a given tendency of a system and can lead a system
away from equilibrium states, possibly causing quite unexpected results.

33. What is Barkhausen criteria?

Barkhausen criteria, without which you will not know which conditions, are to be
satisfied for oscillations.
“Oscillations will not be sustained if, at the oscillator frequency, the magnitude of the
product of the
transfer gain of the amplifier and the magnitude of the feedback factor of the
feedback network ( the magnitude of the loop gain ) are less than unity”.
The condition of unity loop gain -A? = 1 is called the Barkhausen criterion. This
condition implies that
A?= 1and that the phase of - A? is zero.

34. What is CDMA, TDMA, FDMA?

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method utilized by
various radio communication technologies. CDMA employs spread-spectrum
technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a
code) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel. By
contrast, time division multiple access (TDMA) divides access by time, while
frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) divides it by frequency.
An analogy to the problem of multiple access is a room (channel) in which people
wish to communicate with each other. To avoid confusion, people could take turns
speaking (time division), speak at different pitches (frequency division), or speak in
different directions (spatial division). In CDMA, they would speak different
languages. People speaking the same language can understand each other, but not
other people. Similarly, in radio CDMA, each group of users is given a shared code.
Many codes occupy the same channel, but only users associated with a particular
code can understand each other.

35. explain different types of feedback

Types of feedback:
Negative feedback: This tends to reduce output (but in amplifiers, stabilizes and
linearizes operation). Negative feedback feeds part of a system's output, inverted,
into the system's input; generally with the result that fluctuations are attenuated.
Positive feedback: This tends to increase output. Positive feedback, sometimes
referred to as "cumulative causation", is a feedback loop system in which the system
responds to perturbation (A perturbation means a system, is an alteration of
function, induced by external or internal mechanisms) in the same direction as the
perturbation. In contrast, a system that responds to the perturbation in the opposite
direction is called a negative feedback system.
Bipolar feedback: which can either increase or decrease output.

36. What are the main divisions of power system?

The generating system,transmission system,and distribution system

37. What is Instrumentation Amplifier (IA) and what are all the advantages?
An instrumentation amplifier is a differential op-amp circuit providing high input
impedances with ease of gain adjustment by varying a single resistor.

38. What is meant by impedance diagram. 

The equivalent circuit of all the components of the power system are drawn and they
are interconnected is called impedance diagram.

39. What is the need for load flow study.

The load flow study of a power system is essential to decide the best operation
existing system and for planning the future expansion of the system. It is also
essential for designing the power system.
40. What is the need for base values? 
The components of power system may operate at different voltage and power levels.
It will be convenient for analysis of power system if the voltage, power, current
ratings of the components of the power system is expressed with referance to a
common value called base value.
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