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PRESENT TENSE
Simple Present Tense is a type of sentence that has a function to express an activity or fact that
occurs in the present, and structurally or its arrangement, simple present tense uses only one
verb.
Present Tense is one of the forms of verb tenses. It simply describes the actions, truths(facts),
future and situations. It is very easy to form and uses base form of the verb.
It is a verb tense. A ‘verb’ is an action word. The ‘tense’ is the time of the action. The ‘present’
is now. It shows how the past is connected to the present/now
Structure / Formula
With the singular subject we use ‘does not’ while with the plural, we use ‘do not’. For example,
Does he eat apples daily?
Do they eat apples daily?
Usage
Examples
Affirmative Sentences
My friend helps me.
Teacher talks to his students regularly.
I walk daily early in the morning.
They discuss literature with each other.
She takes exercise regularly.
Negative Sentences
Do you like Mathematics?
Does he belong to Rome?
Do they perform their duties honestly?
Does he attend his class regularly?
Does she take exercise daily?
Exercise
Answers
1. know
2. works
3. like
4. sets
5. write
6. cleans
7. wake
8. drive
9. play
10. study
Present continuous tense expresses the ongoing action or task of the present. It is also
called present progressive tense. For example, I am eating the meal.
Signal Words
at the moment
just now
right now
Structure / Formula
Subject + is/am/are + Present participle (-ing) form
Positive Sentences
Examples
Question Sentences
Usage
Usage Example
To express actions that are planned. He is watching movie with his friend next Sunday.
To express time at the moment of speaking We are performing our duty at the moment.
Example Sentences
Exercise
Answers
1. Is he plucking the flowers?
2. Jami is playing with the guitar.
3. Anu is kneading the flour.
4. The laborer is pushing the carriage.
5. We are not sketching the ruinations.
6. I am writing an interesting essay.
7. Are you spending holidays on the beach?
8. Are our leaders working for the prosperity of our country?
9. He is not taking the M.A. Examination this year.
10. I am ironing my clothes.
11. The doctor is feeling the pulse of the patient.
12. Jamid is going on a foreign tour.
13. He is not shooting the birds.
14. They are taking the tea during the break time.
15. Shiza is taking the dose of medicine.
Present perfect tense expresses the completion of the action or task of the present. For example,
I have taken two doses of medicine.
Signal Words
for
since
yet
still
already
ever
till now
Structure / Formula
Subject + has/have + Past participle (v3)
Positive Sentences
Negative Sentences
Question Sentences
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Usage Example
He has just
The work that has recently been completed. cooked the meal.
Time period that has not finished. She has drunk two cups of tea today.
Example Sentences
Exercise
Answers
1. Has he plucked the flowers?
2. Jami has played with the guitar.
3. Anu has kneaded the flour.
4. The laborer has pushed the carriage.
5. We have not sketched the ruinations.
6. I have written an interesting essay.
7. Have you spent holidays on the beach?
8. Have our leaders worked for the prosperity of our country?
9. He has not taken the M.A. Examination this year.
10. I have ironed my clothes.
11. The doctor has felt the pulse of the patient.
12. Jamid has gone on a foreign tour.
13. He has not shot the birds.
14. They have taken the tea.
15. Shiza has taken the dose of medicine.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (present perfect progressive tense) is used to express the
action or task that started in the past and continues in present.
Signal Words
Positive Sentences
Negative Sentences
To make the sentence negative, we add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb (present tense).
Question Sentences
Auxiliary verb (present tense) come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the end.
Exercises
Simple past tense is used to express the actions that happened in the past or happened one after
the other. For example, The baby crawled.
Signal words
Last night
Yesterday
Last Monday
In 1998
An hour ago
Structure / Formula
Subject + V2 + Object
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Usage
USAGE EXAMPLES
Action that happened at definite time. She went to the park an hour ago.
Actions that happened one after the other. He ordered pizza. He received the pizza at home. He ate it.
The actions or states that finished in past. His mother used to wash his clothes.
Example Sentences
1. He drew the old man out of the ditch.
7. Did he write a letter?
Exercise
Past continuous tense expresses the actions or task that were ongoing in the past. We cannot
determine when the action started or finished. For example, When I was walking yesterday, it
started raining.
Signal Words
when
as long as
while
yesterday.
Structure / Formula
Positive Sentences
Negative Sentences
Question Sentences
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Usage
Usage Example
Two or more ongoing past actions at the same time. He was watching movie while he was was eating chips.
Example Sentences
7. They were eating mangoes.
Past perfect tense indicates the finished or completed actions of the past. For example, I had
taken two doses of medicine before the fever vanished.
Signal Words
before yesterday
already
when
until that day
Structure / Formula
Negative Sentences
To make the question, ‘had’ come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the end
Example Sentences
6. They had eaten mangoes.
Exercise
Answers
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express the action that started in the past and
continued in the past for some time. It is also called Past Perfect Progressive Tense.
Signal Words
Base form of
Subject Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb verb+ing
Positive Sentences
To make the sentence negative, we add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb.
Question Sentences
Auxiliary verb ‘had’ come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the end.
Usage Example
Emphasis on duration of action or task that I had been learning French for two years before I went to
finished in past college.
Exercises
Simple future tense is used to express the actions in the future. These can be decisions,
assumptions or predictions, etc. For example, It will be summer soon.
Signal words
tomorrow
next month
in a month
next week
Structure / Formula
Positive Sentences
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Will Julia complete her assignment?
Will he attend the meeting tomorrow?
Usage
USAGE EXAMPLES
To express actions that are not in our control. It will be Sunday tomorrow.
Example Sentences
Future continuous tense expresses the action that will be ongoing at some time in the future. It
is also called future progressive tense. For example, I will be studying in this college.
Signal Words
tomorrow morning
in one year
Next Monday
Structure / Formula
Positive Sentences
We add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.
Subject + will + not + be+ Present participle (-ing) form Examples of negative sentences
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Will + subject + be+ Present participle (-ing) form +? Examples of question sentences.
Usage
Usage Example
To express ongoing actions at a specific future time He will be playing football at 10:00 am tomorrow.
To express an action that will definitely happen in the future. He will be attending a webinar next Monday.
Example Sentences
Future perfect tense is used to express the action that will be completed in future at some time.
For example, I will have studied the French language.
Signal Words
by next year
by the end of next month
Structure / Formula
Positive Sentences
We add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.
Subject + will + not + have+ Past participle
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Usage Example
Example Sentences
Future perfect continuous tense is used to express the ongoing action that will be completed in
future before a certain time. For example, I will have been studying in this college for one year.
Signal Words
Positive Sentences
Subject + will have been + Present participle (-ing) form + time reference
We add ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.
Subject + will + not + have been + Present participle (-ing) form + time reference
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question mark at the
end.
Will + subject + have been + Present participle (-ing) form + time reference
Usage Example
To emphasize the duration of some action that will be By the end of this year, I will have been
completed at some another point in the future. completing my graduation for two years.
Example Sentences