B. D.

Yadav
GM (Operations) IOCL- PL- HO
Demand Projections for Petroleum Products

(MMT)
180
160
160

140 132
127
120 122
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2006-07 2009-10 * 2010-11 2011-12 2016-17

Year
Source: Report of Working Group on P&NG Sector for the XI Plan
 Refining Scenario- India

(MMT)
350

302
300

250 235

200

149
150

100
70

50

0
1998-99 2006-07 2011-12 2016-17
(Actual)
Year
Source: Report of Working Group on P&NG Sector for the XI Plan
 Supply Chain

Crude evaluation What and How What & Where

& Procurement ? to Feed ? To Make ?

Demand Distribution What & where to

Forecast ? Planning ? Store and from where ?
Pipelines Railways

Modes of Product
Transportation

Water Ways Road

5
 Typical Mode-wise Transportation of
Petroleum Products

INDIA* USA**
Rail Road/ Road
Coastal Rail
30% Coastal 4%
25% 3%
31%

68%
Pipelines
Pipelines
39%

** Source : Association of Oil Pipelines, 2006

* Source : PPAC http://www.aopl.org/posted/888/Shift_Report_1984_2004.126714.pdf
 Pipeline System
 Pipeline systems are the safest and the most
environment friendly mode of transportation
of crude petroleum, refined products and
natural gas

 Being a closed system, minimal handling and

transit losses as compared to other means of
transportation, hence most efficient

 Safety & Reliability –minimum disruptions

Modes for Transportation of Petroleum – A Comparison

Head Road Rail Pipeline

Energy cost Very High High Low
Operating cost Very High High Low
Pollution High Low Nil
Movement High Low Nil
congestion

Handling loss High Low Negligible

Safety Hazards High Low Negligible
Reliability Low Low 100%
 Introduction of Pipelines in Oil Transportation
 The first cross country oil pipeline was laid in Pennsylvania (USA) in 1879
from Bradford to Allen town, about 109 miles long and 6” in diameter

 In India after 1960, most of the refineries were installed in land-locked

locations and then crude / product pipelines were laid.

 During 1960-63, Oil India Limited laid the first trunk crude oil pipeline,
1156 km long from Naharkatiya and Moran oil fields to the refineries at
Guwahati and Barauni

 The first cross country product pipeline was laid by IOCL during 1962-64 to
transport products from Guwahati refinery to Siliguri

 Pipeline industry has grown in parallel with the development of oil

 Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Network – Industry
(Length in km)

Company Crude Product Total

IOCL 4,366 6,286 10,652
HPCL 11 2,134 2,145
BPCL - 1,389 1,389
GAIL - 1,850 1,850
PIL - 946 946
OIL 1193 - 1193
ONGC 6106 - 6106
TOTAL 11,676 12,605 24,281

Figs as on 01.4.2010 Source: Petroleum & Planning Analysis Cell

Oil Pipelines Network in India
Jalandhar

Bhatinda Ambala
Roorkee
Sangrur Najibabad
Panipat
Meerut Tinsukia
Rewari Delhi Nahorkatiya
Sanganer Loni
Mathura Shahjahanpur Siliguri Bongaigaon Digboi
Ajmer
Jodhpur
Chaksu Tundla Lucknow Numaligarh
Kanpur Jagdishpur Guwahati
Kot
Chittaurgarh Barauni
Sidhpur Ahmedabad Rajbandh
Kandla Ratlam
Mundra Navagam Budge
Jamnagar Koyali Maurigram Budge
Vadinar Indore
Dahej Ankleshwar Haldia
Hazira Manmad
Mumbai Mumbai Paradip
High Pune Secunderabad Vizag IOC’s Pipelines (Existing)
Uran
Product
Hazarwadi Pakni Vijayawada Crude Oil
Mangalore Bangalore
Chennai IOC’s Pipelines (On-going)

Product
Sankari Asanur Crude Oil
Karur Other Companies’ Pipelines(Existing)
Coimbatore Trichy
Kochi Product
Madurai Crude Oil
LPG 11
 Network of Gas Pipelines in India

NANGAL

BHATINDA

DELHI
BAREILLY
GURGAUN
AURAIYA LUCKNOW
MATHANIA AGRA DISPUR
JAGDISHPUR
DAHEJ BARMER KANPUR
GWALIOR PATNA
10 mmtpa* PHOOLPUR
KOTA JHANSI GAYA AGARTALA
VARANASI LNG
MUNDRA UJJAIN VIJAYPUR
RAJKOT BOKARO
6.5 mmtpa BHOPAL Existing
AHMEDABAD
KOLKATA
HAZIRA BHARUCH
BARODA
CUTTACK Upcoming
2.5 mmtpa SURAT DAMRA

BHUBANESHWAR
Transmission Pipelines
MUMBAI PUNE
Existing
RAJAMUNDRY KRISHNAPATNAM
DABHOL SOLAPUR GAIL’s Planned Pipeline
KAKINADA
5 mmtpa KOLHAPUR HYDERABAD RIL’s East West Pipeline
VIJAYAWADA RIL’s Planned Pipeline
GOA GSPC’s Planned Pipeline
NELLORE
ENNORE
HASAN
BANGLORE
2.5 mmtpa
City Gas/ CNG
CHENNAI
Existing
Planned
KANJIKKOD TIRUCHCHIRAPALLI LNG Terminal
COIMBTORE

KOCHI
TUTICORIN
5 mmtpa
Total Length = 11360 (Approx.)
12
 Pipeline System
 High Grade Steel Pipes (conforming to
International Code API 5L) are used for
constructing cross country Pipelines

 The typical sizes of the Pipes are as

under:
 Diameter - 4 inch – 56 inch
 Pipe thickness - 0.219 inch – 1 inch

 Pipes are welded and inspected as per

the most stringent international
standards
 Pipeline System
 The flow in the pipeline is achieved using high
capacity pumps (liquid lines) & compressors
(gas lines).

 The normal flow in product pipeline is around

300-1000 KL/hr & for Crude Pipeline is around
1500-3400 KL/hr

 The cross country pipelines are designed to

operate at very high pressures (upto 120
kg/cm2) to achieve throughput.
 Pipeline System
 To safeguard the Pipeline from external
corrosion, the pipes are coated from the
following type of materials
 3LPE - Three Layer Polyethylene
 3LPP - Three Layer Polypropylene
 DFBE - Dual Layer Fusion Bonded Epoxy
 Coal Tar Enamel

 In addition to the anti-corrosion coating,

the pipelines are also provided with
custom designed Cathodic Protection
systems
 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

ROW Grading/Leveling Trenching

 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

Transportation of Pre-coated Pipes String of Pipes in ROW

to Site
 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

Welding of Pipes in Joint after Welding

Progress
 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

Coating of the Welded Joint

PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

Lowering of the Pipeline

PIPELINE OPERATIONS
 PIPELINE SYSTEM
CRUDE TRANSPORTATION
CRUDE OIL IN SHIPS OIL FIELDS

OFFSHORE LINE GATHERING STATION

JETTY/SPM SYSTEM

STORAGE TANKS
UNDER BUOY HOSES

PUMPING UNITS
PIPELINE END MANIFOLD

CROSS COUNTRY PIPELINE

DOCKLINES / OFFSHORE /
ONSHORE PIPELINE

CRUDE OIL IN SHIPS REFINERY TANKAGE

PUMPING STATION CUM TANK FARM
 PIPELINE SYSTEM
PRODUCT TRANSPORTATION

REFINED PRODUCT IMPORTED / OTHER PRODUCT

FROM UNIT OF REFINERIES IN SHIP/OIL JETTY

REFINERY’s PRODUCT TANKAGES

TANKAGE

PUMPING STATION

CROSS COUNTRY PIPELINE

PUMPING CUM DELIVERY STATIONS

DELIVERY TERMINAL
 Mathura - Jallandhar Pipeline

Delhi Pump
cum delivery Ambala PS/DS
Station Sonepat T-
Point

Panipat PS/DS Jallandhar

Mathura Pump Terminal
station

Meerut
Terminal
Product Pipeline Pump cum Delivery Station

28
Mainline pumping units

29
 Typical – Terminal Station

Madurai
Asanur T- Terminal
Point

Trichy
Chennai Pump Terminal
station

Sankari
Terminal
 Interface Management
 In multi-product pipelines, different products are

Product-A
pumped one after the other in a particular
sequence. This leads to generation of a mixture
where two products meet. This mixture is called
interface

Mixture volume
 Interface generation is dependent on factors like
Pipeline diameter, velocity of the flow, topography
of the land, turbulent flow conditions and the type

Product-B
of products
 LENGTH OF INTERFACE
 The pipeline can not be operated precisely unless the length or the
volume of the interface and its location can be known at any given
time, once the length of interface is determined, it is easy to calculate
its volume from line fill
 The length of interface is given by the following formula.
C = 11.75(D)0.5 (L)0.5 (Re)-0.1 where,
C = length of interface (ft.)
D = Inside diameter (ft.)
L = distance of travel (ft.)
Re =Reynolds number of 50 : 50 mixture

 The interface has to be absorbed by one of the products without

affecting its quality. This necessitates product sequencing and batch
lenths based on product characteristics.
 Requirement of Batch Scheduling

 Meeting Product demand in market

 To match /balance production at Refinery and

supply demand at ToPs including tankages
capacity
 Avoiding/Minimizing Tanker demurrage

 Optimizing Pipeline Operating Cost

(-Less consumption of power & fuel)

How much --- Where ----- When 33

 Cost Recovery in Pipelines

 Earlier pipelines were operated under Administrated

Price Mechanism (APM) and were re-imbursed based on
cost plus formula

 Presently pipeline tariff is fixed at 75% of railway freight

 In future Petroleum & Natural Gas Regulatory Board

(PNGRB) will fix tariff of individual pipeline based on
common carrier principle
1 35
THANK YOU