City College of New York

CE 332

Prof. Ghosn

Lab 1 : Stress and Strain Diagrams

Maria Alguacil
Procedure:
In this lab we subjected a steel and an aluminum rod of 0.335in diameters each to a
tensile load. The elongation of the rods had a gauge length of 2 inches (L0). The rods were
subjected to load and unloaded before yield point. Then loaded again passing the yield point.
Then unloaded again; loaded again, unloaded during the strain hardening, finally it was loaded
again until the steel was ruptured. Through this loading-unloading process, many crucial
variables were observed and data was collected. Variables such as, time, position (in), load(kips),
and strain (in). Using the load variable and formula 1, we were able to figure out the stress the
rods were subjected to. Using formula 2 we figured out the elongation at every stage, and from
there we used formula 3 to calculate the length at fracture, which we later used to calculate the
ductility. Also we used formula 5 and 6 to calculate the modulus of resilience and toughness of
the materials respectively in addition we did some approximations for the yielding point. We
later plotted two different graphs of stress (y-axis) and strain (x-axis) for further inquiries about
the properties of the rods.

P
σ = …………………………………………………………………………….(1)
A

δ =ε L0 ………………………………………………………….(2)

Lf =δ L0 + L0………………………………………………………....(3)

L f −L0
Ductility¿ (100 %)………………………………………………………....(4)
L0

2
1 σ pl ………………………………………………………....(5)
ur =
2 E
Result and Analysis for steel and Aluminum:

Ultimate stress

Rupture stress

Yield stress

Unloading #2
Unloading #1

Unloading #3

Strain hardening Necking

Linear elastic range Elastic region

Point of
Rupture
ULTIMATE STRESS
Yield stress

Unloading/loading 1

Unloading/ loading
2

Initial Loading
modulus of elasticity #1
Strain hardening
Necking
9461.3
modulus of elasticity #2

Plastic zone
Linear Elastic range
 11002
modulus of elasticity #3
10744
yielding stress approximation
45
0.10701
modulus of resilience #1 489
0.09202
modulus of resilience #2 872
0.09423
modulus of resilience #3 864

1.79644
ductility percent elongation 609
2.79644
length of fracture 609
Deflection

Area 0.088141309
f(x) = 0
STRESS STRAIN DIAGRAMS
65
f(x) = 24696.45 x − 258.74
60
f(x) = 31219.97 x − 62.35
55
f(x) = 25644.79 x − 645.77
50

45

40
STRESS (kips)

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2

STRAIN IN/IN

Modulus of elasticity #1 31220

Modulus of elasticity #2 24696
Modulus of elasticity #3 25645
Modulus of resilience #1 0.048446509
Modulus of resilience #2 0.061244736
Modulus of resilience #3 0.058978358
Deflection -0.015379078
Length of fracture 1.969241844
ductility 0.969241844