Department of Education

Bureau of Learning Delivery

Teaching and Learning Division

Grade Levels: Grade 11/12

Core Subject: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human
Person

Semester: First Semester (WEEK 2)

 II. METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING

Learning Competencies: At the end of the module, you

should be able to;
2.1. Distinguish opinion from truth
PPT11/12-Ic-2.1
2.2. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to
wisdom
and truth PPT11/12-Id-2.3
2.3. Evaluate Opinions.
PPT11/12-Ie-2.4

Lesson 2: Methods of Philosophizing

2.1 The Philosophical Method of Inquiry
2.2 The Branches of Philosophy
2.3 Truth and Knowledge
2.4 Existentialism, Post-Modernism
and Analytical Philosophy
2. 5 Opinion and Truth

PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY

        It is in the nature of philosophy that man searches for the meaning of
himself and his world. It can truly be said that philosophy was born the very
first time man started wondering at what he saw around him. [Corazon Cruz,
1987]
        Philosophy is a dedicated search for meaning. Once it is started it
“consumes” the whole person—his attention, concentration, interest, and effort.
A philosopher can hardly afford distractions as he goes on his “search”. He
observes, reads, reflects, and writes. He does so without let-up until the answer
is found, or if the answer is not yet found, the conviction is reached that for the
moment at least he has found the best possible although still imperfect solution.
[Corazon Cruz, 1987

Page 1 of 16
The Philosophical Method of Inquiry

        The Philosophical Method of Inquiry is not pure reasoning. It includes

contemplation combined with and confirmed by experience, observation, and
introspection. In other words, the approach is similar to the scientific / rational
method but it is coupled with philosophical reflection—

        1. Identifying the problem;

        2. Organizing and evaluating the data;
        3. Proposing the hypothesis;
        4. Testing the hypothesis;
        5. Discovering the truths [Conclusion]
        6. Applying principles to specific cases [Philosophical Reflection]

        The Philosophical Method of Inquiry is applicable to solving the mysteries

of the human person because what is involved are non-empiriological
component which cannot be revealed or disclosed by purely empirical and
experimental analyses, however penetrating and efficient these may be. [Felix
Montemayor, 1995]
        The goal of Philosophical Inquiry is the making of sound judgments about
all that man does. Philosophy as a body of organized and unified knowledge can
be attained through scientific investigation. As a science, it rejects myth,
hearsay and wishful thinking and makes conclusions using empirical
evidence. Philosophy has been described as a science because it deals with the
study of the process governing thought and conduct

• (Greek) Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to HIS SENSE

OF WONDER – What? Where? Why? How?
• (French) Rene Descartes traced man’s need to philosophize to
DOUBT.
• (Swiss-German) Karl Jaspers traced man’s need to philosophize
because of EXPERIENCE also called LIMIT SITUATIONS
• Socrates: The need to philosophize is driven by LOVE FOR
WISDOM
Why is there a need to philosophize?

Page 2 of 16
 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Ethics
Questions:
How should we live? What is good and
evil?
What is the best way to live? What is
Justice?
Is right and wrong the same everywhere
or different everywhere?

   Ethics is the branch of study dealing   with what is the proper course of action 
for man. It answers the question, "What do I do?" It is the study of right and wrong
         endeavors. At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which we
in human
categorize our values and pursue them. Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we
sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause? Is that foundation of ethics based on the
Bible, or on the very nature of man himself, or neither?
Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is our means of deciding a course
of action. Without it, our actions would be random and aimless. There would be no
way to work towards a goal because there would be no way to pick between a
limitless numbers of goals. Even with an ethical standard, we may be unable to
pursue our goals with the possibility of success. To the degree which a rational
ethical standard is taken, we are able to correctly organize our goals and actions to
accomplish our most important values. Any flaw in our ethics will reduce our
ability to be successful in our endeavors.

Page 3 of 16
Epistemology
Explore the nature and limitations of knowledge.

 Definition of knowledge
 Investigates how knowledge is obtained
 Explores the relationship between belief,
Questions: truth, and knowledge.
What is knowledge
How is knowledge acquired? How do we know what we know?

Epistemology is the study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers

the question, "How do we know?" It encompasses the nature of concepts, the
constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses, logical reasoning, as well as
thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is concerned with
how our minds are related to reality, and whether these relationships are valid or
invalid. 
        Epistemology is the explanation of how we think. It is required in order to
be able to determine the true from the false, by determining a proper method of
evaluation. It is needed in order to use and obtain knowledge of the world
around us. Without epistemology, we could not think. More specifically, we
would have no reason to believe our thinking was productive or correct, as
opposed to random images flashing before our mind. With an incorrect
epistemology, we would not be able to distinguish truth from error. The
consequences are obvious. The degree to which our epistemology is correct is
the degree to which we could understand reality, and the degree to which we
could use that knowledge to promote our lives and goals. Flaws in epistemology
will make it harder to accomplish anything.

Epistemological Questions:

What is knowledge?
How is knowledge acquired?
What do people know?
How do we know what we know?
Is human knowledge is trustworthy?
Can our senses must be trusted?
Difference between opinion, knowledge and wisdom.

Page 4 of 16
Metaphysics

Knowledge Science
Explores the fundamental
nature of reality and being
Ontology, Existence, Objects
Questions: Properties, Space and Time, Cause and Effect
What is real?
What is reality?
What is reality like?
        Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of
existence. It is the foundation of a worldview. It answers the question "What
is?" It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence
itself. It says whether the world is real, or merely an illusion. It is a fundamental
view of the world around us. 

        Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. Without an explanation or an

interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal with reality.
We could not feed ourselves, or act to preserve our lives. The degree to which
our metaphysical worldview is correct is the degree to which we are able to
comprehend the world, and act accordingly. Without this firm foundation, all
knowledge becomes suspect. Any flaw in our view of reality will make it more
difficult to live. 

Politics

Political Philosophy
Explores the relationship
between citizens and
governments.
Liberty, Legal Justice,
Property Ownership, Citizen's
Questions: Rights System of Law
How should government be organized?
What makes a government legitimate?
Who decides who the leaders should be?
What laws are good and necessary?
How should law be enforced?

Politics is ethics applied to a group of people. Politics tells you how a

Page 5 of 16
society must be set up and how one should act within a society. The
requirement for a political system is that the individuals within that system
are allowed to fully function according to their nature. If that's not the case,
Aesthetics

Sensori-Emotional Values
Explores the nature of beauty, art, and
taste with the creation and appreciation of
beauty.

Questions:

What is beauty? What is art?

What is the value of beauty and art?
Who should judge what is beautiful or artistic?
How should art and beauty be judged?

Page 6 of 16
 Discussion:
On the left is Marcel Duchamp's ready-
made “sculpture” called “Fountain”. It's
a factory-made urinal on a stand.
Is this “Art”?
Why / Why not?
Is it beautiful? Offensive?
Why?
Aesthetics is the study of art. It includes what art consists of, as well as
   the
      purpose behind it. Does art consist of music, literature, and painting? Or
does it include a good engineering solution, or a beautiful sunset? These are
the questions that aimed at in esthetics. It also studies methods of evaluating
art, and allows judgments of the art. Is art in the eye of the beholder? Does
anything that appeals to you fit under the umbrella of art? Or does it have a
specific nature? Does it accomplish a goal? 
        Art has existed through all of recorded human history. It is unique to
humans because of our unique form of thinking. Its importance is based on
this nature, specifically, man's ability to abstract. Art is a little understood tool
of man to bring meaning to abstract concept. Aesthetics is important because it
delves into the reason why art has always existed, the burning need of
mankind through the ages to see the world in a different, clear way. It further
evaluates art by the standard of human life, and whether it accomplishes the
job of satisfying man's intellectual needs, or whether it tends to hurt or make
worse those needs. 

Rules for Thinking

Logic The systematic principles (or rules) for thinking
rationally.
Inferences are made by construction of
Arguments Page 7 of 16
Rules of Logic determine which arguments are
VALID and which are FALACIES
 *Using correct
Argument patterns

*Distinguishing valid from *Examination

invalid argument fallacies

From Classical Greek λόγος (logos), means originally the word, or what
is spoken, (but comes to mean thought or reason).
The exact definition of logic is a matter of controversy among philosophers, but
it is often said to be the study of arguments.

A philosophical
study on the The systematic study The rule of inference
correct processes of argument
of thinking.

Aristotle holds exactly one member of any contradiction is true and one
false: they cannot both be true, and they cannot both be false.

Truth and Knowledge

Truth lies at the heart of any inquiry. It is a fact that has been verified.
Knowledge is simple data that comes from the outside that pass to our senses. It
must be truthful to gain validity and acceptance.

Propositions
Philosophers consider truth as a kind of quality or value.
Propositions are statements about the world or reality which may or may not
carry truth.
Page 8 of 16
What is truth?
Why is it
 Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the
product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.
What we know is what is observable or evident in the real world.
Propositions which are observed to be real or truthful are considered FACTS.
 There are statements, however, that are not evidently or immediately known to be
true and they are called CLAIMS. They require further examination to establish
whether it is true or false.

How do we know if something is truth?

 Philosophers emphasize the importance of belief as a

basis for determining truth.
 We assume that everything we know about this world is
true but philosophers who pondered upon the origins of
knowledge doubted everything that there is to know
about themselves and the world. In doing so, they were
able to better understand the means by which humans
gain knowledge and determine the truth about
everything.
 It is said that there are instances when we have to
unlearn something so that we may learn anew.
Philosophers questioned what they knew and
even analyzed their methods of knowing in order
to understand themselves and the world much
better.

Note: Doubt has a very important purpose in philosophy as it drives our

desire to discover truth. Nothing is taken as true unless there is it is indeed
true.

s I am alive. Am I alive? I am alive.

I have a body. Do I have a body? I have a body.

Page 9 of 16
 I can breathe. Can I breathe? I can breathe.

Let us analyze…

1. It takes me 30 minutes to walk from my home to school.

2. Living near the school is better because we don’t have to spend much for
transportation.
3. My sister ate the last piece of pizza.
4. My sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece and didn’t
share it with me.
5. The police firmly pushed the suspect to his kneed and placed him in
handcuffs.
6. The aggressive manner by which the police arrested the suspect is an
example of brutality that characterizes our police force.

Existentialism

Sartre
• Human existence is contingent
and without explicit purpose
• Existence precedes essence
• There are different ways of
existing.
• There is first
being-in-itself.
• Second being-
for-itself.

Postmodernist

Page 10 of 16
 Nietzsche
• Nietzsche concludes that
truth is nothing more than
an illusion.
• He taught that we each
construct our own world
according to our own
perception.

Foucault
• As Foucault remarks: “What is
found at the historical
beginning of things is not the
inviolable identity of their
origin; it is the dissension of
other things. It is disparity”
(Foucault 1977, 142).
• In short, linear, progressive
history covers up the
discontinuities and
interruptions that mark points
of succession in historical
time.

Baudrillard
• Baudrillard paints a rather bleak
picture of our current postmodern
condition, arguing that we have lost
contact with the "real" in various
ways, that we have nothing left but
a continuing fascination with its
disappearance.
• His vision is highly dystopic.

Method
Page 11 of 16
  questioning and answering to arrive
at the truth
 the method in philosophy of answer
and cross-question:
(1) Someone offers or is asked to give an
account of what they know, and
(2) then their account is either accepted or it is
refuted.

JTB or Justified True Belief

• There's the question of the truth of a claim.

• There is also the matter of our personal belief conviction for a claim.
• There are also issues about the evidence or justification that we have
for a claim.

Analytical Philosophy
• These views involved a rejection of much traditional philosophy as
essentially meaningless. 
• Today, analytic philosophers use a much wider range of methods
including quasi-scientific inference to the best explanation and their
own versions of phenomenological description. 
• "There is objective truth." would not be an objective truth —at
least, not without some caveats.
• When we speak about the truth of logical relations or propositional
systems in general, we're in effect either asserting an identity
relation (all bachelors are bachelors) or that definitions are
distributive across equated symbols (all bachelors are unmarried
men).

Evaluate Opinions

Fallacies
Page 12 of 16
 • A fallacy is a kind of error in reasoning.
• Fallacies should not be persuasive, but they often are.
• Fallacies may be created unintentionally, or they may be created
intentionally in order to deceive other people.

Opinions are comprised of statements

How can
which not only give facts but also provide
philosophy guide
conclusions or perspectives regarding
us in
certain situations. They may advance a
distinguishing
belief about certain things or provide
explanations.
Opinions are also the bases for making
arguments and convincing that a certain
claim is a fact. They are often influenced by
bias.

Distinguish Opinion from Truth

• TRUTH is about what's there, no matter what any specific agent

believes.

• OPINION on the other hand, is personal and closely related to the

concept of "belief". My opinion, is therefore an expression of what I
believe is going on in the real world. 

Page 13 of 16
  Beliefs are statements that express
convictions that are not easily and clearly
explained by facts. To judge the truthfulness
of a belief, we must also consider things
such as the person’s experiences and views.
 Explanations are statements that assume the
claim to be true and provide reasons why the
statement is true.
 Arguments are a series of statements that
provide reasons to convince the reader or
listener that a claim or opinion is truthful.
They often take the form of statements that
are either claims of facts and are phrased in
such a way that they seem reasonable.
 Fallacies are arguments based on faulty
reasoning. Some of them are intentional, as
the person making the claim is desperate to
convince you to

FALLACY CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE

Of course he believes
Ad hominem Attacking the person that the
government is flawed, he
instead of the argument is a
itself rebel and a Communist.

If you do not agree with

Ad baculum Using the threat of force or my
political opinions, you
(appeal to force) an undesirable event to will
receive flat 70 on your
advance an argument card.

You cant fire me, I have

Ad misericordiam Using emotions such as a wife
and 12 kids who will go
(appeal to pity) pity and sympathy hungry
if I lose this job.

Every boy your age

Ad populum The idea is presented as already has
a girlfriend, you should
(appeal to majority acceptable because a lot go find
or bandwagon) of people accept it one!

Marriage has
Ad antiquitatem The idea is acceptable traditionally been
(appeal to because it has been true between a man and a
Page 14 of 16
 woman;
therefore, gay marriage
tradition) for a long time should
not be allowed.

4 out of 5 dentists agree

Ad verecundiam ‘misusing’ an authority that

brushing your teeth

makes your
life meaningful.

FALLACY CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE

argument based on an Exercise is good. Therefore

Dicto
Simpliciter unqualified generalization everybody should exercise.

Assuming that what is true Each brick in that building

Fallacy of a part is true for the weighs less than a pound.

of
Composition whole Therefore, the building weighs

less than a pound.

Fallacy of Division Assuming that what is true You come from a family of

for the whole is true for its doctors and lawyers! Surely,

parts you can do better in this course!

The generalization is You can't speak French. I can’t

reached too hastily. There speak French. Carla can't

Hasty
Generalization are too few instances or speak French; therefore,

evidences to support such nobody in this school can speak

a conclusion. French.

Page 15 of 16
Petitio Principii Assuming that the thing or God exists because the bible
(begging the idea to be proven is true says so. … Why we can trust
question) (circular reasoning) what the Bible says? Easy, the
Bible is the word of God.

Post Hoc Assuming a ‘cause-and- Every time you wear your red
scarf, you cry. You should
(false cause) effect’ relationship get
between unrelated events rid of it.

Sufficiency

Sufficiency is the measure of whether there is enough evidence

to guarantee the truth of the conclusion (or at least make it very likely).  
In an argument it's possible (but very rare) for a single premise to be sufficient
to guarantee the conclusion.  
P1.  Bob and Joe are humans
C.   Bob is a human.
An argument may require several premises working together to be sufficient
for the conclusion: 
P1.  If the Canucks win the Stanley Cup, I will be happy.
P2.  The Canucks won the Stanley Cup.
C.    I am happy.

Dualism

Plato
• Plato argued that the soul both pre-existed and
survived the body, going through a continual
process of reincarnation or "transmigration".
• Plato presents 4 main arguments for dualism,
which can all be found in the dialogue Phaedo.
(i) Coming to be and ceasing to be (The Cyclical
Argument).
(ii) Knowing is Remembering (The Recollection
Argument).
(iii) The Indestructibility of the Soul (The Affinity Argument).
(iv) The Argument from Opposites.

Descartes
• Beginning from his famous Cogito, ergo
Page 16 of 16
 sum or “I think, therefore I am”, Descartes developed a theory of mind
as an immaterial, non-extended substance that engages in various
activities such as rational thought, imagining, feeling, and willing.
• Matter, or extended substance, conforms to the laws of physics in
mechanistic fashion, with the important exception of the human body,
which Descartes believed is causally affected by the human mind and
which causally produces certain mental events.

Biases are the personal views of the person presenting it. They are not
necessarily errors in reasoning, but refer to tendencies or influences which
affect the views of people.

BIAS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE

Correspondence Tendency to judge a The soldiers who fought in

Bias person’s personality by the war are all bloodthirsty

(Fundamental his/her actions without murderers.

attribution error) regard for external factors

or situations

Confirmation bias the tendency to look for How can I accept his view

and accept information in a that there is no God? I am a

way that confirms one's Christian!

own beliefs and reject

ideas that go against it

BIAS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE

Conflict of interest A person or group is As the daughter of the

Page 17 of 16
 connected to or has a
vested interest in the issue
Cultural Bias Analyzing an event or
issue based on one’s
cultural standards
Framing Focusing on a certain
aspect of a problem while
ignoring other aspects
Hindsight Is when, after an event
(knew-it-all-along occurs, we feel we already
phenomenon) knew what was going to
happen
Task 1
Direction: Choose a word from the box below.
1. Write down other related words or ideas that you can think of in relation to
the word that you chose.
2. Write your answer in a one whole sheet of paper.
accused, I believe that I have
the right to express my opinion
on the issue of his alleged
corrupt practices.
I do not agree with this
Western practice of placing the
elderly in retirement homes.
We Filipinos take care of our
family members.
Preliminary evidence has still
not pointed out the actual
cause of the plane crash, but
investigators are currently
focusing on the possibility of
pilot error.
When you put a glass on the
edge of a table and you start
cleaning and bumped the glass
and it fell to the ground and
Page 18 of 16
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Task 2:

Supply relevant information on the topics below. Prepare a 2-3 paragraph essay
for each topic. Make sure that you include your resources and you have read the
article thoroughly. You may use the library or the internet in order to complete
this task.

1 DepEd Kto12 Program

2 School Rules and Regulations
3 The Philippine Political Structure

Task 3:

What can you say about the picture below? Write your reflection in your notebook.

Page 19 of 16
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Task 4:
Guided Learning:
A. Essay:

1. What are the practical uses of philosophy in our lives?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
2. Reflect on your life so far. Can you say that you have lived a meaningful life,
considering all your experiences and achievements? What do you consider as the
“highlights” of your life? What things are you looking forward to in the future?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

3. Make a poster showing a holistic view of your life. Come up with creative
visualization that will show your life in its totality and how various experiences
contributed to give meaning to your life.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Which of branch of philosophy deals with arguments?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 5:
Direction: TRUE or FALSE:
Write the word true if the statement is correct and false if it wrong.

Page 20 of 16
 1. Positive or negative undertones → emotive meaning

2. Logical chain of reasoning is usually applied to _________ → Equivocation.

3. The thesis that consciousness is intentional → Husserl's phenomenology

4. If one reaches an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence → Hasty

Generalization

5. Is achieved through a series of phenomenological "reductions" that eliminate certain

aspects of our experience from consideration → Phenomenological standpoint

Answer Keys:

Task 1 – Answers may vary

Task 2 – Answers may vary
Task 3 – Answers may vary
Task 4 – Answers may vary
Task 5 –

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
Page 21 of 16
5. True

Words to Ponder

Analytic Philosophy- is the conviction that to some significant

degree, philosophical problems, puzzles,
and errors are rooted in language and can
be solved or avoided by a sound
understanding of language and careful
attention to its workings pity or guilt
Appeal to Ignorance (argumentatum ad ignoratium) What ever has not been proved false
must be true, and vice versa

Composition Infers that something is true of the whole

from the fact that it is true of some part
of the whole. Reverse of division

Page 22 of 16
Deductive Reasoning- draws conclusion from usually one broad
judgement or definition and one more
specific assertion, often an inference
Edmund Husserl- founder of phenomenology

Equivocation- A logical chain of reasoning of a term or

a word several times. Giving the
particular word a different meaning each
time

Existentialism not primarily a philosophical method but

more of an outlook or attitude supported
by diverse doctrines centered on certain
common themes

Falacy- a defect in an argument other than having

false

Husserl's phenomenology the thesis that consciousness is

intentional

Inductive Arguments- cannot prove if the premises are true

which will also determine the truth of the
conclusion.
Inductive Reasoning- proves only probable support to the
conclusion

Jean-Paul Sartre- employed phenomenological methods to

arrive at or support their specific
variations on existential times

Ludwig Wittgenstein- an analytic philosopher who said

language is socially conditioned

Philosophizing- is to think or express oneself in a

philosophical manner. Discusses a matter
from a philosogical point of view

Phenomenology- the scientific study of the essential

structures of consciousness

Phenomenological standpoint Is achieved through a series of

phenomenological "reductions" that
eliminate certain aspects of our
experience from consideration

PostModernism- not a philosophy. It is at best a holding

pattern, perhaps a cry of despair. It
rightly
talks about philosophy, the philosophy of
many cultures
Page 23 of 16
Premises- Appeal to pity (argumentum ad
misericordiam)a special kind of appeal to
emotion in which someone tries to win
support for an argument or idea by
exploiting his or her opponents feelings
of

Richard Porty- notably developing themes for

pragmantism and certain quarters of
analytic philosophy and bringing these
together with Continental themes

References
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1984.

Boon, J.A. “Anthropology, Ethnology and Religion.” The Encyclopaedia of Religion. Vol.1.
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Donceel, J.F. Philosophical Anthropology. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1967.
Mondin, Battista. Philosophical Anthropology. Bangalore: Theological Publications of India,
Page 24 of 16
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Munro, R. “Anthropology.” Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol.1. Edinburgh: T & T

Clark, 1925, 561-573.

Ramos, C.C. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Rex Book Store. First
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Rescher, Nicholas (2011). Philosophical Reasoning: A Study in Methodology of

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Shapiro, H.L. “Anthropology.” Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 3. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing

House, 1974, 37-50.

Bogliolo, Louis. Philosophical Anthropology. Shillong: Sacred Heart Theological College,

1984.

Boon, J.A. “Anthropology, Ethnology and Religion.” The Encyclopaedia of Religion. Vol.1.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987, 308-317.

Donceel, J.F. Philosophical Anthropology. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1967.

Mondin, Battista. Philosophical Anthropology. Bangalore: Theological Publications of India,

1998.

https://www.marxists.org/reference

Munro, R. “Anthropology.” Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol.1. Edinburgh: T & T

Clark, 1925, 561-573.

Shapiro, H.L. “Anthropology.” Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 3. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing

House, 1974, 37-50.

Allen, Tim, Don’t Stand too Close to a Naked Man, New York: Hyperion / Boxing Cat
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Astorga, Maria Christina A., Living the Faith Option: Christian Morality, Christian Life
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Barry, Dave, Dave Barry’s Guide to Life, New York: Wing Books / Random House, 1991;
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Cathcart, Thomas and Klein, Daniel, Heidegger and a Hippo Walk Through Those Pearly
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Cathcart, Thomas and Klein, Daniel, Plato and a Platypus Walk into a Bar...Understanding
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Abella, Roberto. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person .C & E Publishing, Inc.

https://www.facebook.com/introductiontothephilosophyofthehumanperson/videos/180092713
0118886/

https://www.facebook.com/introductiontothephilosophyofthehumanperson/videos/179402901
7475364/

https://www.facebook.com/introductiontothephilosophyofthehumanperson/videos/180134370
6743895/

Prepared by:

JUNAL M. MARCON, PhD

Master Teacher I
Passi National High School (Senior High)
Division of Passi City
Region VI- Western Visayas

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