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OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD
HOSPITAL/COMMUNITY
PHARMACY ASSISTING
Ministry of Education
June 2011
Introduction
The Ethiopia Occupational Standards (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National
TVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF). They are national Ethiopian standards,
which define the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a
specific occupation without taking TVET delivery into account.
This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.
Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining
whether the candidate is competent.
Variable Range
Stakeholders and Pharmacists
representatives Doctors
may include: Nurses
Patients/clients
Pharmacy technicians
Pharmacy assistants
Pharmacy store-persons
Administration staff
Wholesalers
Work environment Hospital pharmacy
may include: Wards
Community health setting
Manufacturing pharmacy
Philosophies and Access and equity policies and procedures
values of the Anti-discrimination policies and procedures
organization may Sexual harassment policies and procedures
include: Privacy legislation
Relevant drugs and poison legislation
Guidelines for pharmacists for the use of pharmacy
support personnel
Local and organizational Policies and Procedures
Code of Conduct
Code of Ethics
Standard for Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons
A commitment to A non-discriminatory approach to all people using the
principles of access service, the family and friends, the general public and co-
and equity includes: workers
Ensuring the work undertaken takes account of and caters
for differences including cultural, physical, religious,
economic and social
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
Observation of workplace performance is essential for
assessment of this unit
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
the required range of situations relevant to the workplace
Where, for reasons of safety, space, or access to
equipment and resources, assessment takes place away
from the workplace, the assessment environment should
represent workplace conditions as closely as possible
Underpinning Relevant drugs and poison legislation
Knowledge and Guidelines for pharmacists for the use of pharmacy
Attitudes support personnel
Principles of access and equity
Workplace Health and Safety
Principles and practices of ethics and values
Hospital pharmacy contribution to a health care team
Infection control policies, guidelines and symbols and their
relevance to working in a hospital pharmacy
Knowledge of the legal responsibilities of providers of
health care in relation to confidentiality, client rights, duty
of care and implications of negligence
Local and organization policies and procedures relevant to
the hospital pharmacy
Variable Range
Standard Aseptic technique
precautions may Personal hygiene practices especially washing and drying
include: hands (e.g. before and after client contact)
Use of personal protective equipment
Techniques to limit contamination
Surface cleaning and management of blood and body fluid
spills
Safe handling of sharps
Safe disposal of sharps and other clinical waste
Appropriate reprocessing and storage of reusable
instruments
Additional Special ventilation requirements
precautions may
Additional use of personal protective equipment
include:
Dedicated equipment (e.g. to each client or as appropriate
to work function)
Use of a special facility
Minimizing Protecting materials, equipment and instruments from
contamination may contamination until required for use
include but is not
Ensuring instruments used for invasive procedures are
limited to:
sterile at time of use
Cleaning all environmental surfaces
Infection risks may Sharps injury
include but are not
Waste
limited to
Discarded sharps
Human waste and human tissues
Related waste
General waste
Inhalation of aerosols
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Observation of workplace performance is preferred for
Competence assessment of this unit
The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
specified essential knowledge as well as skills
The assessee must demonstrate compliance with the
organization’s infection control policy as it relates to
specific job role
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
the required range of workplace situations
Variables Range
Storage and Sequential positioning along shelves
location Alphabetical arrangements
requirements may Controlled substances under specific storage conditions
include but is Refrigeration
not limited to:
Prescription Written in ink or computer generated (must have
validity may handwritten signature)
include but is not Life of prescription according to legislative requirements
limited to: Adequate written instructions on the dosage regimen
Complete client details
Prescriptions may Inpatients
be for: Outpatients
Extemporaneous preparations that do not have a fixed
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
Observation of workplace performance is essential for
assessment of this unit
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
the required range of situations relevant to the workplace
Where, for reasons of safety, space, or access to
equipment and resources, assessment takes place away
from the workplace, the assessment environment should
represent workplace conditions as closely as possible
Demonstrate knowledge and attitude on:
Underpinning
Knowledge and Appropriate methods of disposal of unwanted medicines
Attitudes including short and outdated stock
Basic hygiene and the importance of maintaining a clean
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working environment and equipment
Charging for pharmaceuticals e.g. organization policy and
the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
Common proprietary and generic names
Drug forms, dose, strength and quantity
Hospital or health facility in-house computer system
Identification and handling of products, including
- formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. clinical
trial drugs and special access scheme drugs
- products with the required integrity as well as those
whose integrity has been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated stock
- routine handling products and products requiring
special handling, e.g. cytotoxics and its spill
management, refrigerated and frozen items, light
sensitive materials and flammables
Infection control policies, guidelines and symbols and
their relevance to working in a hospital pharmacy
Knowledge of and the rationale for applicable legislation,
organization policy and in house standard operating
procedures (SOPs), relating to prescription preparation
Legal requirements and principles of pharmaceutical
product labeling e.g. product name, batch numbering and
expiry date
Medicine administration and use and effect on basic
human physiology
OHS policies, guidelines and symbols and their relevance
to working in a hospital pharmacy
Personal hygiene and the use of protective clothing
Prescribing conventions, and abbreviations and medical
terminology used for instructions for the use of medicines
Principles and procedures of maintaining security of
pharmaceutical products
Principles and range of storage requirements for
pharmaceutical products
Principles of calculations, weights and measures
Procedures and rationale for validating prescriptions
Procedures for dealing with returned goods
Procedures to follow regarding dispensing of controlled
drugs
Procedures for dealing with drug alerts and company
recalls
Processes for reconstitution of products
Properties of container types and principles of selection
for use
Relevant reference material
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Requirements to be satisfied for a complete,
unambiguous and valid prescription and actions to take if
validity is questionable
Types of prescriptions and their use
Demonstrate skills on:
Underpinning
Skills Assist pharmacist effectively in the preparation of
prescription requirements
Follow instructions and complete tasks accurately and
efficiently
Refer issues identified outside scope of practice to the
appropriate person
Work in accordance with relevant organization policy,
legislative requirements, industrial awards and
agreements and in-house operating procedures (SOPs)
Work in a safe manner
Apply checking processes throughout dispensing
procedure
Communicate and interact appropriately with colleagues,
health care practitioners and clients
Create labels which are legal, clearly readable, with
instructions expressed in simple language, including all
information specified by the prescriber
Demonstrate safe dispensing practices
Enter and access data on pharmacy computer system
Identify discrepancies/deviations and refer to the
authorized person
Identify drugs by generic and proprietary names, or
readily access the information
Identify and select correct product with reference to form,
dose, strength, brand and quantity
Take into account opportunities to address waste
minimization, environmental responsibility and sustainable
practice issues
Use measuring devices appropriately
Use ancillary and cautionary labels and explanatory
statements and directions as specified by most recent
Ethiopian National Drug Formulary (ENDF)
Use time management strategies to set priorities
Use literacy, numeracy and oral communication skills
required to fulfill the position in a safe manner as specified
by the health care facility
Use problem solving skills
Use available resources and prioritize workload
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Variable Range
Raw materials may Therapeutic agents
include: Agents considered inactive, that are required for bulking,
stabilizing, coloring and flavoring the final product
Batch numbers can Any combination of numerals and digits as specified in
include: standard operating procedures that can uniquely identify an
individual product or batch for recording and identification
purposes.
Raw materials, The range of raw materials, manufacturing equipment and
manufacturing packaging devices to be used is specified by the batch/work
equipment and sheet
packaging devices:
Equipment and Balances
machinery used in Meters
manufacturing may Gauges
be disposable or Measures
non-disposable and Beakers
may include: Mixers
Pumps
Spatulas
Ointment slabs
Filters
Extractors
Stills
Syringes
Needles
Pestle and mortar
Autoclaves
Gloves
Masks
Goggles
Compounding may Trituration
include: Aggregation
Grinding
Dissolution
Mixing
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Emulsification
Suspension
Dosage forms may Oral
include: Topical
Product may Formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. clinical trial
include: drugs and special access scheme drugs
Products with the required integrity as well as those whose
integrity have been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated
Routine handling products and products requiring special
handling e.g. cytotoxics and its spill management,
refrigerated and frozen items, light sensitive material and
flammables
Product packing Bulk containers
may include: Client ready units
Containers may Bottles (medical and poison)
include: Glass jars
Tubes
Syringes
Miscellaneous individual client unit devices
Labels may include: Typed
Written
Electronically produced
Quarantine period Quarantine period may be defined as time taken to obtain
confirmation of suitability of product/batch for human use.
Storage conditions Correct temperature
may include: Humidity
Light
Secured
Ventilated
Ambient
Isolated
Correct storage of hazardous substances
Secure and safe storage for controlled drugs
Cleaning methods Washing Disinfecting
may include: Sweeping Soaking
Wiping De-scaling
Special storage Refrigeration
conditions may Inflammable store
include:
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
Observation of workplace performance is essential for
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assessment of this unit
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over the
required range of situations relevant to the workplace
Where, for reasons of safety, space, or access to equipment
and resources, assessment takes place away from the
workplace, the assessment environment should represent
workplace conditions as closely as possible
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and Basic hygiene and the importance of maintaining a clean
Attitudes working environment and equipment
Basic principles of manufacturing processes
Chemical and physical properties of raw materials in relation
to formulation and compounding
Compounding of a product according to a work sheet
Correct disposal of sharps, drug residues etc
Identification and handling of products, including -
- formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. clinical trial
drugs and special access scheme drugs
- products with the required integrity as well as those whose
integrity has been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated stock
- routine handling products and products requiring special
handling, e.g. cytotoxics and its spill management,
refrigerated and frozen items, light sensitive materials and
flammables
Infection control policies, guidelines and symbols and their
relevance to working in a hospital pharmacy
Knowledge of and the rationale for applicable legislation,
organization policy and in-house standard operating
procedures (SOPs), relating to small scale
compounding/manufacture of pharmaceutical products
Labeling requirements for compounded products
Maintenance of principles and procedures of clean work
environments
Nature and use of different dosage forms
OHS policies, guidelines and symbols and their relevance to
working in a hospital pharmacy
Packaging methods, container materials and principles for
selection
Personal hygiene and the use of protective clothing
Pharmacy computer systems
Preparation of worksheets
Principles and procedures of formulae calculations, weights
and measures
Principles and procedures of maintaining security of
pharmaceutical products
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Principles of handling and storage of hazardous materials
Principles of record keeping and required documentation to be
completed
Processes for dilution, suspension, incorporation and
reconstitution
Purpose of batch numbering and expiry date on medicines
Purpose of information to be shown on medicine packs, e.g.
product name, batch numbering and expiry date
Sources and types of contamination – microbial, cross-
chemical, physical, environmental and corrective strategies
Storage requirements and rationale for different types of
product
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills of:
Complete and file documentation
Compound raw materials correctly and safely to achieve a
quality product
Perform quality assurance monitoring
Prepare, process and manufacture quality pharmaceutical
products from fixed formulae
Produce a product free from microbial or cross contamination
Refer issues identified outside scope of practice to an
authorized person
Transport and store product according to National Guidelines
for the Preparation of Pharmaceuticals in Hospitals
Use personal protective equipment when necessary
Work in a safe manner
Work in accordance with relevant organization policy,
legislative requirements, industrial awards and agreements
and in-house operating procedures (SOPs)
Assemble, maintain, clean and use all equipment used in
manufacturing process in a correct and safe manner and
ensure a clean work environments
Calculate drug and non-drug stock requirements for
manufacturing
Complete required documentation
Compounding a product according to master batch/work sheet
Select and maintain appropriate equipment for manufacturing
task
Take into account opportunities to address waste
minimization, environmental responsibility and sustainable
practice issues
Use available resources and prioritize workload
Use literacy, numeracy and oral communication skills required
to fulfill the position in a safe manner as specified by the
health care facility
Use problem solving skills
Variable Range
Packaging may be operated manually or automatically and may include
equipment/ but are not limited to:
apparatus Scales, measures
Irons, heat sealing equipment
Tweezers
Gloves
Storage and work Correct temperature
are conditions may Humidity, light
include but are not Security
limited to: Ventilation
Packaging Dosage administration aids/containers
materials and Tamper proof dose administration containers
products may Webster style containers
include but is not Heat seal or press seal equipment
limited to: Formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. special
access scheme drugs
Routine handling products and products requiring special
handling and/or storage
Dose administration Name of client
container labels Pharmacy details
may include but are Name, strength and form of all medicines supplied in the
not container
limited to: Directions for use of each medicine as prescribed
Date on which the container was filled
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
Observation of workplace performance is essential for
assessment of this unit
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
the required range of situations relevant to the workplace
Where, for reasons of safety, space, or access to
equipment and resources, assessment takes place away
from the workplace, the assessment environment should
represent workplace conditions as closely as possible
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and Basic hygiene and the importance of maintaining a clean
Attitudes working environment and equipment
Infection control policies, guidelines and symbols and their
relevance to working in a hospital pharmacy
Identification and handling of products, including –
- formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. clinical trial
drugs and special access scheme drugs
- products with the required integrity as well as those
whose integrity has been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated stock
- routine handling of products and products requiring
special handling, e.g. cytotoxics and its spill
management, refrigerated and frozen items, light
sensitive materials and flammables
Legal requirements and principles of pharmaceutical
product labeling e.g. product name, batch numbering and
expiry date
- Ethiopian National Guidelines for Preparation of
Pharmaceuticals in Hospitals and guidelines/legislation
on the filling of dose administration containers
- specific labeling requirements for filling Webster style
containers/dosette boxes
Knowledge of and the rationale for applicable legislation,
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organization policy and in-house standard operating
procedures (SOPs), relating to packaging/pre-packaging of
pharmaceuticals
OHS policies, guidelines and symbols and their relevance to
working in a hospital pharmacy
Personal hygiene and the use of protective clothing
Principles of calculations, weights and measures
Properties of container types and principles of selection for
use
Storage requirements and rationale for different types of
product
Various pack sizes and appropriateness
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills of:
Effectively package and/or pre-package products in
accordance with organization requirements
Label appropriately
Maintain effective quality control during the packaging/pre-
packaging process
Refer issues identified outside scope of practice to
authorized person
Work in accordance with relevant organization policy,
legislative requirements, industrial awards and agreements
and in-house operating procedures (SOPs)
Work in a safe manner
Enter and access data on pharmacy computer system
Maintain packaging/pre-packaging documentation
Operate the specified equipment
Take into account opportunities to address waste
minimization, environmental responsibility and sustainable
practice issues
Use literacy, numeracy and oral communication skills
required to fulfill the position in a safe manner as specified
by the health care facility
Use problem solving skills
Use available resources and prioritize workload
Resource Competency in this unit should be assessed through:
Implications Access to appropriate workplace where assessment can be
conducted or simulation of realistic workplace setting for
assessment.
Access to equipment and resources normally used in the
workplace
Method of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment Practical assessment by direct observation of tasks
through simulation/Role-plays
Written exam/test on underpinning knowledge
Variable Range
Products include the
Formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. clinical trial
following: drugs and special access scheme drugs
Products with the required integrity as well as those whose
integrity have been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated stock
Routine handling products and products requiring special
handling e.g. cytotoxics and its spill management,
refrigerated and frozen items, light sensitive materials and
flammables.
Stock ordering may Written
be: Verbal
Electronic
Security procedures In-store security
may include: Goods received
Goods dispatched
Storage conditions Correct temperature Ventilated
may include: Humidity Ambient
Light Isolated
Pest control Correct storage of hazardous
Secured substances
Cold chain
Tools and Bin card, stock card, issue slips, label sticker, registration book,
Equipment may calculator, refrigerator, thermometer, fan, ladders, fire fighting
include: devices, waste basket, trolleys, computers, pallets, shelves,
Forklift, Hand pallet truck.
Occupational Health Gloves (assorted), goggle, masks, apron (assorted), fire
& Safety (OHS): fighting equipment
Location may include but is not limited to:
requirements Sequential positioning along shelves
Alphabetical arrangements
Batch numbers can Batch numbers can consist of any combination of numerals
include: and digits as specified in standard operating procedures that
can uniquely identify an individual product or batch for
recording and identification purposes.
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Observation of workplace performance is essential for
Variable Range
Tools and Trolleys, Forklifts, Pallets, Ladders, Push carts, Hand operated
equipment hydraulic plate, track, Refrigerators, Shelves, Ice cold boxes,
appropriate wrapping materials and sealers etc.
Products may Formulary drugs and non-formulary drugs e.g. clinical trial
include: drugs and special access scheme drugs
Products with the required integrity as well as those whose
integrity have been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated
Routine handling products and products requiring special
handling e.g. cytotoxics and its spill management,
refrigerated and frozen items, light sensitive material and
flammables
Data entry Enter transaction into pharmacy computer system
requirements Generate packing slip and include in package
include: Label clearly, including specific handling instructions
Documentation Manually
recording may Using computer based system
include: In print form
In an electronic system
Storage Correct Cold chain
requirements may temperature Ventilated
include: Humidity Ambient
Light Isolated
Pest control Correct storage of hazardous
Secured substances
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
Observation of workplace performance is essential for
assessment of this unit
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
Variable Range
Occupational Health Gloves (assorted), goggle, masks, apron (assorted), fire
& Safety (OHS) fighting equipment
Stock (products) Formulary drugs e.g. clinical trial drugs and special access
may include: scheme drugs
Products with the required integrity as well as those whose
integrity have been compromised e.g. damaged,
contaminated or deteriorated
Routine handling products and products requiring special
handling e.g. cytotoxics and its spill management,
refrigerated and frozen items, light sensitive material and
flammables
Storage conditions Correct temperature Ventilated
may include: Humidity Ambient
Light Isolated
Pest control Correct storage of hazardous
Secured substances
Cold chain
Ward storage may Cupboard
include: Trolley
Automated medication distribution system
Special storage area e.g. refrigerator as required for correct
storage condition
Medication drawers
Drug safes
Record processes Manual Print form
may include: Computer based Electronic system
Variable Range
Major and minor The way people diagnose diseases traditionally based on their
forms of diagnosis experience.
Workplace It is the information of the patient and the traditional medicine
information given to him/her.
Formal and informal Scheduled trainings like continuing pharmacy education
development of Peer education
skills and knowledge Education through experience
Occupational Health Gloves (assorted), goggle, masks, apron (assorted), fire fighting
and Safety (OHS) equipment
Tools and Balances, measuring cylinders, mortar and pestle, beakers,
Equipment percolators, oven, spatulas, stirring rods, etc.
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence Observation of performance in the workplace or a simulated
workplace (defined as a supervised clinic) is essential for
assessment of this unit
Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over
a range of workplace situations
Assessment may contain both theoretical and practical
components and examples covering a range of clinical
situations
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Evidence is required of both knowledge and skills
application
Assessment of sole practitioners must include a range of
clinical situations and different client groups covering at
minimum, age, culture and gender
Assessment of sole practitioners must consider their unique
workplace context, including:
Interaction with others in the broader professional
community as part of the sole practitioner’s workplace
Scope of practice as detailed in the qualification and
component competency units
Holistic/integrated assessment including:
- Working within the practice framework
- Performing a health assessment
- Assessing the client
- Planning treatment
- Providing treatment
Underpinning Knowledge of:
Knowledge and non-herbal ingredients used in the preparation of herbal
Attitudes medicines
pharmacology of herbal medicines and pharmaceutical
drugs, their classifications, usage and side effects
medical terminology
pharmacokinetics of herbal medicines and pharmaceutical
drugs – drug administration, absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion
pharmacodynamics of herbal medicines and
pharmaceutical drugs and the theory of drug action; factors
modifying drug effect and dosage; drug toxicity and
toxicology
drug abuse - signs, consequences, treatment; community
resources available, in particular those with emphasis on
drug-related problems
drug use in pregnancy, specific diseases and disorders of
each system of the body
internal preparations - culinary plants, common herbal teas,
medicinal preparations e.g. biochemic and bioenergetic
remedies, cold extracts, cordials, decoctions, essences,
honeys, homeopathic remedies, infusions, nutritional
supplements, powders, syrups, tinctures etc…
chemical and physical incompatibilities
external therapy products - both medicinal and domestic
e.g. baths, bath oils, creams, dyes, fomentations, incenses,
aromatherapy products, compresses, ointments, perfumes,
pomanders, poultices, sachets, salves etc…
prescription of medicines - legal restrictions, health and
safety, labeling requirements, scheduled herbs, principles
Variable Range
Legislation, codes Award and enterprise agreements and relevant industrial
and national instruments
standards relevant Relevant legislation from all levels of government that affects
to the business operation, especially in regard to occupational
workplace which health and safety and environmental issues, equal
Variable Range
Methods of Non-verbal gestures Speaking to groups
communication Verbal Using telephone
Face to face Written
Two-way radio Using Internet
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of The individual being assessed must provide evidence of
Competence specified essential knowledge as well as skills
This unit is most appropriately assessed in the workplace
(simulating difficult or challenging behavior) or in a simulated
workplace and under the normal range of work conditions
This unit can be assessed independently, but holistic
assessment practice is encouraged with other related units
of competency
Assessment may be conducted on one occasion but should
include a diverse range of sources of difficult and
challenging behaviors, as may be expected in the workplace
A diversity of assessment tasks is also essential for holistic
assessment
Underpinning Client issues needing to be referred to an appropriate health
Knowledge and professional
Attitudes OHS issues relating to difficult and challenging behavior
Organization’s reporting processes
Underpinning Skills Effectively use techniques for monitoring own service area
including client satisfaction
Variables Range
Workplace records staff records
may include but is regular performance reports
not limited to:
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Look for:
Competence ability to effectively monitor and respond to a range
of common operational and service issues in the
workplace
understanding of the role of staff involved in
workplace monitoring
Knowledge of quality assurance, principles of
workflow planning, delegation and problem solving.
Underpinning To demonstrate competence, evidence of knowledge in the
Knowledge and following areas is required:
Attitudes the roles and responsibilities of those involved in
monitoring work operations
overview of leadership and management
responsibilities
principles of work planning
typical work organisation methods appropriate to the
industry sector
quality assurance principles
time management
principles of delegation
problem solving and decision making processes
industrial and/or legislative issues which affect short
term work organization as appropriate to industry sector
Underpinning To demonstrate competence, evidence of skills in the following
Skills are required:
Monitor and improve workplace operations
Plan and organize workflow
Maintain workplace records
Solve problems and make decisions
Resource access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
Variable Range
Learning and Coaching, mentoring and/or supervision
development needs Formal/informal learning program
Internal/external training provision
Work experience/exchange/opportunities
Personal study and Career planning/development
Performance appraisals
Workplace skills assessment
Recognition of prior learning
Organizational Quality assurance and/or procedures manuals
requirements Goals, objectives, plans, systems and processes
Legal and organizational policy/guidelines and
requirements
Safety policies, procedures and programs
Confidentiality and security requirements
Business and performance plans
Ethical standards
Quality and continuous improvement processes and
standards
Feedback on Formal/informal performance appraisals
performance Obtaining feedback from supervisors, colleagues and
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence identified and implemented learning opportunities for
others
gave and received feedback constructively
facilitated participation of individuals in the work of the
team
negotiated learning plans to improve the effectiveness of
learning
prepared learning plans to match skill needs
accessed and designated learning opportunities
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge on:
Knowledge and Coaching and mentoring principles
Attitude Understanding how to work effectively with team members
who have diverse work styles, aspirations, cultures and
perspective
Understanding how to facilitate team development and
improvement
Understanding methods and techniques for eliciting and
interpreting feedback
Understanding methods for identifying and prioritizing
personal development opportunities and options
Knowledge of career paths and Competence standards in
the industry
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate skills on:
Ability to read and understand a variety of texts, prepare
general information and documents according to target
audience; spell with accuracy; use grammar and
punctuation effective relationships and conflict
management
Communication skills including receiving feedback and
reporting, maintaining effective relationships and conflict
Variable Range
Data required organization capability
includes: appropriate business structure
level of client service which can be provided
internal policies, procedures and practices
staff levels, capabilities and structure
market, market definition
market changes/market segmentation
market consolidation/fragmentation
revenue
level of commercial activity
expected revenue levels, short and long term
revenue growth rate
break even data
pricing policy
revenue assumptions
business environment
economic conditions
social factors
demographic factors
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects The candidate must be able to demonstrate:
of Competence ability to identify the key indicators of business performance
ability to identify the key market data for the business
knowledge of a wide range of available information sources
ability to acquire information not readily available within a
business
ability to analyze data and determine areas of improvement
ability to negotiate required improvements to ensure
implementation
ability to evaluate systems against practice requirements
and form recommendations and/or make recommendations
ability to assess the accuracy and relevance of information
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and data analysis
Attitudes
communication skills
computer skills to manipulate data and present information
negotiation skills
problem solving
planning skills
marketing principles
ability to acquire and interpret relevant data
current product and marketing mix
use of market intelligence
development and implementation strategies of promotion and
growth plans
Underpinning Demonstrate skills of:
Skills data analysis and manipulation
ability to acquire and interpret required data
current practice systems and structures
sources of relevant benchmarking data
1. Develop and 1.1 Distribute and explain information about the enterprise's
maintain quality quality system to personnel
framework 1.2 Encourage personnel to participate in improvement
within work area processes and to assume responsibility and authority
1.3 Allocate responsibilities for quality within work area in
accordance with quality system
1.4 Provide coaching and mentoring to ensure that
personnel are able to meet their responsibilities and
quality requirements
2. Maintain quality 2.1 Identify required quality documentation, including records
documentation of improvement plans and initiatives
2.2 Prepare and maintain quality documentation and keep
accurate data records
2.3 Maintain document control system for work area
2.4 Contribute to the development and revision of quality
manuals and work instructions for the work area
2.5 Develop and implement inspection and test plans for
quality controlled products
Variable Range
Coaching and May refer to:
mentoring providing assistance with problem-solving
providing feedback, support and encouragement
teaching another member of the team, usually focusing on a
specific work task or skill
Continuous May include:
improvement cyclical audits and reviews of workplace, team and
processes may individual performance
include: evaluations and monitoring of effectiveness
implementation of quality systems, such as International
Standardization for Organization (ISO)
modifications and improvements to systems, processes,
services and products
policies and procedures which allow the organization to
systematically review and improve the quality of its
products, services and procedures
seeking and considering feedback from a range of
stakeholders
Kaizen
Enterprise-specific improvement systems
Technology May include:
computerized systems and software such as databases,
project management and word processing
telecommunications devices
any other technology used to carry out work roles and
responsibilities
Customer service May be:
internal or external
to existing, new or potential clients
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Evidence of the following is essential:
Competence taking active steps to implement, monitor and adjust plans,
processes and procedures to improve performance
supporting others to implement the continuous improvement
system/processes, and to identify and report opportunities
for further improvement
knowledge of principles and techniques associated with
continuous improvement systems and processes
assist others to follow standard procedures and practices
assist others make improvement suggestions
standardize and sustain improvements
Assessors should ensure that candidates can:
implement and monitor defined quality system
requirements and initiate continuous improvements within
the work area
apply effective problem identification and problem solving
techniques
strengthen customer service through a focus on continuous
improvement
implement, monitor and evaluate quality systems in the
work area
initiate quality processes to enhance the quality of
performance of individuals and teams in the work area
gain commitment of individuals/teams to quality principles
and practices
industry, academe and government agencies who donated their time and expertise
We would like also to express our appreciation to the Experts of Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Education (MoE) and Engineering Capacity Building Program (ecbp) who
This occupational standard was developed on June 2011 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.