AGRICULTURAL-CHEMISTRY

Elements in soil and plants

of electronic coniguration, Vaency: Oxidation and reduction; ionic

Periodic Classification elements:
equations; essential plant elements (nutrients). Fee redical; lsotopes Chemistry of important compounds and
elements essential for plants and
Code-02

Animals Viz.N.P.R.,Mg.Na.Fe, Al, Mo, Cu, Zn,B.I.CILVt, As,Cr Ni, Co,Cd, HgP.S,Se. The chemistry of
S1licales, clay minerals etc. Complex compounds, uses ol complexants in agriculture.

Elements used as fertilizers

Macro- Nutrients: and production and consumption of fertilizers; fertilizer industry in India. Chemistry and
technology of NPK fertilizers. detailed account of individual NPK fertilizers; Soil amendments, Methods of
fertilizer applications. Mixed fertilizers; new trends in fertilizer use Macro-Nutrients; Cu,Zn,Mn.Fe.B and
Mo,used as fertilizers Their action in soils.
Theoretical aspeets of analytical chemistry

A general information about electrolytic dissociation, solubility product, common ion effect, activity coefficient
and pi.

Principles of volumetric analysis, acid base, titration, redox potential and precipitation

Complexometric titrations adsorption indicators. Accuracy and precision in quantitative a analysis. General
principles of gravimetric analysis Chromatography. Instrumental methods, methods of analysis Principles
involved in colorimetry. Mame photometry, turbiditimetry. and X-ray diffraction techniques.
Conductometric and potentiometric methods of analysis.

Electron Microscopy and infra-red speciroscopy, Kadio-tracer lechnique principle, methodology, labeling and
assay ot isoopes.

Application of physical chenmistry of soils

Theory of dilute solutions: Osmosis, Colloidal State, soil as a colloid. Properties of colloids, colloical behaviour
of proteins, milk and zeolites. Adsorption as a surtace phenomenon. Various cquations ot adisorption. Hxation
of nutrients on soil and clay mineral surface, Law of mass action, chemical affinity and chemical equilibrium.
Elements of crystal structure. Kedox-process, redox processes in

Sou physical propertbes,

Mechanical composition of soils, Stoke's law Methods of mechanical analysis. Relationship between mechanical

analysis and physical properties of soil.

Soil water, forms of soil water, methods of measuring moisture, soil water plant relationships. Availability of
moisture. Soil structure, texture, tilth and tillage. Soil air, soil temperalure. Effect of physical properties on

nutrient availability.

Phytobiochemistry
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vIZ. carbohydrales, tats
and proteins
of major constiluents of plants
Chemistry, Classification and synthesis
(structures not required).
composition,
nomenclature, their
R.N.A. and D.N.A. Enzymes- general
Amino-acids and their importance,
Biological importance of
actions. Factors alfecting enzymatic nctivity.

vitamin A, B-Complex, C, etc. (structures not required).

pigments carotenoids and chlorophylls.
and distribution. Plant
Plant acids, their biosynthesis
Fementalion, ATP, ADP & AMP
in plants, Kreb's cycle.
Metaboism of carbohydrales, fats and proteins
Tissue culture. Absorption of nutrients by plants.
Ripening in plants. Phytohormones Hydroponies

Chemistry of soils
of soil profile. Chemical
Soil forming factors and minerals, weathering
of ocks. Formation and development
salinization, Kankar
composition of soils, Process of soil
f o r m a t i o n viz. Laterization,
pod solization. gleization,
formation, peat formation and soil colour developiment.

and identification of elny minerals.

Clay minerals, eparation
and anion exchange. Fixation of nutrients.
Soil matter, humus its nature, properties and
organic
Cation
tractionatuon. Clay-humus complexes. Sol Nurvey: types of sol survey, land - uNe, classification. Soil monoliths,

soils erosion, soil conservalion.

Methods of controlling
soil cartogruphy. Soil crosion, factors affecting crosion.
approximation. Classification of Indian Soils.
Soil classification, Detailed study various classification, 7th
of
of
AIkali soils; their development, amelioration and reclamation. Management
Problem soils- Acid, Salne and

The of irrigation waters used in India.

water-logging soils.
Quality

Soil mieroblology

and activities of micro-organ isms, Occurrence and distribution of

Soil population. Soil medium for growth
Micro-organisms in soils. Classification of micro-organisms, Soil bucteria, Autotrophic and heterotrophic
bacteria sulphur oxidizins, nitrilying and iron-oxidizing organism Cellulose and complex carbohydrales
decomposing bacteria.
Nitrogen Cycle in Soil. Decomposition of plant residues, Soil algae. nitorgen fxation by bue green ulgac. Soi
Tungi an elementary study, Anfibione and growth promoting substances. Soil inoculalion, prepsaration of

bacterial tennzes

Role of microorganisms on the nutrient availability. Reclamation of alkali soils by sulphur oxidizing organisms.

Agrochemicals
A. Basic concepts and use of:

B.Insecticides Chlorinated hydrocarbons, organie phosphours compounds: Biological insecticides,

Carbamates Anenics, cluorides clc.

C. Herbicides - Phenoxy compounds, Fluorosilicates substituted ureas.

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D. Fungicides - Heavy metal compounds, glyoxyledine compounds, guanidines.

E. Rodenticides General eyanides, phosphides, strychaine barium carbonate.

F. Nematocides Carbamates and others.
G. Fumigants- Diethylene dichloride and dibromide

Insecticide of botanical origin, Plant growth regulators, antibiotics. Formulation of pesticides and the chemistry
of adjutants for pesticides. Trends in the development of pest control and allied chemicals, Biochemistry of the
action of important pesticides, chemistry and residual control in the field of pesticides. Scope of pesticides,
chemistry and residual control in the field of pesticides. Scope of pesticides in India. Persistence and control.

Eavironmental chembstry of soils

Distribution of elements eveolution of earth. Origin and occurrence of clay minerals. Transformations of clay
minerals under various conditions. micropedology, Microchemical methods used for investigation of soil Concept
of soil fertility. Factors affecting soil fertility: Nutrients essential for plant growth, Mechanism of nutrients
occurrence in soils and plants and there functions, forms, availability and deficiency symptoms of micro and
macro nutrients. Factos affecting N.P and K avaliability in soils. Phosphate potential. Soil fertility evaluation.
Soil testing. Lime requirement. gypsum requirement, Soil testing for advisory purposes. Cation xchange in
soils. Exchange capacity of soils, Equations of cation exchange fixation of cation. Anion exchange. Fixation of
anions. Soil. Soil pollution.