AGS World History Workbook

Name Date Period Chapter 1
Workbook
Do You Remember? 1
Directions: Write the answers to these questions using complete

sentences.
1) How have we learned about what happened to people in the past?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2) What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source? Give
an example of each.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3) What are the five questions historians ask that begin with W?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4) Why might one person’s account of an event be different from someone
else’s?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5) A group’s culture is made up of many things. What are some of them?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
©AGS® American Guidance Service, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use only. World History
Workbook
The Importance of History 2
Directions: Complete the paragraphs below. Choose the correct term

or phrase from the Word Bank.
Word Bank
cause history question
connects humanity roots
the future past
global the present
History is important because it can help us remember our 1) _______________.

When we study history we understand how we got to 2) _______________. What we learn
can help us decide what to do in 3) _______________.
To understand a problem someone had in the past, we try to find out the
4)_______________ of the problem. Then, we 5) _______________ each person involved.
After we do this, we learn why the problem happened. The same is true with
6) _______________.
History 7) _______________ us to all people and gives us 8) _______________. By

studying history we feel connected with the 9) _______________ community of the past.
This community stretches back through time to the beginning of 10) _______________.
Workbook
Exploring the Past True or False 3
Directions: Read each sentence. Write T if the statement is true or F if

it is false.
______ 1) Prehistoric humans wrote books to keep a record of what happened in their everyday
lives.
______ 2) Archaeologists study the beginnings and the behavior of people.
______ 3) Dates are an important part of learning about history.
______ 4) Artifacts are things that earlier people made and left behind.
______ 5) Anthropologists study artifacts to learn how people lived.
______ 6) Calendars are based on historic events.
______ 7) Everyone in the world uses the same calendar to keep track of time.
______ 8) Scientists use radiocarbon dating to determine how old an artifact is.
______ 9) If archaeologists find an artifact near ancient bones, they would consider the artifact to
be around the same age as the bones.
______ 10) For some periods of history, historians have few artifacts.
______ 11) Artifacts include tools, weapons, pottery, and jewelry.
______ 12) Anthropologists learn about people’s diets by studying the garbage they throw away.
______ 13) Dates help us measure time and tell us when things happened.
______ 14) Archaeologists can always determine the exact age of an artifact.
______ 15) For historians, the past is like a jigsaw puzzle.
Workbook
Prehistory Match-Up 4
Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail in

Column B. Write the letter of each correct answer
on the line.
Column A Column B
______ 1) decay a) helped early humans to store their food for later use
______ 2) embers b) a person who moves from place to place
______ 3) farming c) to rot away or spoil
______ 4) prehistory d) a famous prehistoric monument made up of huge

stones
______ 5) obsidian
e) a wild pig-like animal
______ 6) nomad
f) a group of people with cities and government
______ 7) pottery
g) the hiding of the sun by the moon
______ 8) bison
h) a hard metal made of a blend of copper and tin
______ 9) Stonehenge
i) another name for buffalo
______10) boar
j) the glowing remains of a fire
______11) scholar
k) volcanic glass the Stone-Age people used to make
______12) monument weapons
______13) eclipse l) made it possible for humans to control their food
______14) bronze supply
______15) civilization m) a building or object that stands in place and is often

made of stone
n) the time before humans left written records
o) a well-educated person who has a great deal of

knowledge about something
Workbook
What Am I? 5
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct word from the Word
Bank that the sentence describes.
Word Bank
alabaster Harappa silt
clay Indus River tablet
cotton irrigate tower
district patio transport
grain pictogram wall
1) I am a word that means to bring water to fields and crops. _______________
2) I begin in the Himalayas. _______________
3) Indians were the first people to make cloth out of me. _______________
4) I am a flat writing pad made of clay. _______________
5) City planners divided their cities into different areas like me. _______________
6) I am a word that means to move from one place to another. _______________
7) People in early Indian cities made windows out of me to let light in.
_______________
8) I am a rich layer of soil left behind after a flood. _______________
9) The first Indian civilization began with two cities—Mohenjo-Daro and me.
_______________
10) I surrounded and protected early Indian cities. _______________
11) I am an inner room open to the sky. _______________
12) I helped people see if any enemies were coming. _______________
13) I am a figure that tells a story. _______________
14) Indians made pipes out of me to drain away dirty water. _______________
15) The people of the Indus River Valley grew me in their rich soil.
_______________
Workbook
Hinduism Crossword 6
1 2
5 6 7
9 10
12 11
13
Across Down
1) Events that keep happening, one after 2) To make something
another 3) Ancient Indian religion
3) A song of praise 4) Highest Hindu caste
4) Hindu name for God 5) Hindu god who destroys
8) Growth of something 6) Having to do with a belief in a higher being
9) Hindu god who preserves 7) Hindus wrote holy writings in this
11) Oldest Veda language
12) Number of main Hindu castes 10) To throw out of something
13) “Books of knowledge”
Workbook
Write the Correct Answer 7
Directions: Fill in each blank with the correct term. Choose your
answer from the terms in parentheses.
1) The Chinese began to build cities near the _______________(Yangtze,

Yellow, Gobi) River about 2000 B.C.
2) The Tibetan mountain _______________(plateau, range, desert) is a
flat area in western China that rises above the nearby land.
3) The Yangtze River flows through _______________(eastern, northern,
southern) China.
4) We sometimes call the Yellow River _______________ (Huang Ho,
Shang, “China’s Sorrow”) because its floods have destroyed Chinese
cities and farms.
5) The Chinese built the _______________ (Great Wall, Grand Canal,
Shang dynasty) to join the Yellow and the Yangtze Rivers.
6) The Great Wall protected China from _______________ (floods,
invaders, disease).
7) The _______________ (Tibetan plateau, Gobi Desert, Himalayan
mountain range) lies to the north of China.
8) _______________ (Invasions, Civilization, Farming) began in China
more than 8,000 years ago.
9) China’s _______________ (geography, Grand Canal, Great Wall)
isolated it from the rest of the world in ancient times.
10) Because the Yangtze River is _______________ (long, shallow, deep), it
hardly ever floods.
Workbook
Shang Dynasty Multiple Choice 8
Directions: Circle the letter of the answer that correctly completes

each sentence.
1) A _______ is a family that rules a country over a long period of time.

a. noble b. dynasty c. scribe d. society
2) Chinese _______ made beautiful objects out of ivory and jade for
everyday use.
a. nobles b. characters c. scribes d. artisans
3) Unlike the people of ancient India, the ancient Chinese built their
homes out of _______ .
a. brick b. clay c. jade d. wood
4) During the Shang dynasty, the Chinese developed writing which
included pictograms and _______ .
a. spirits b. scribes c. characters d. millets
5) Most of the common people in China were _______ .
a. artisans b. nobles c. farmers d. scribes
6) _______ is the name for the tusks, or teeth, of animals like the elephant
and the walrus.
a. Ivory b. Jade c. Dynasty d. Millet
7) A group of people whose members live together for the good of all is a
_______ .
a. dynasty b. society c. symbol d. noble
8) The Shang dynasty may have collapsed because poor people welcomed
_______ .
a. scribes b. characters c. nobles d. invaders
9) The Shang people believed that the _______ controlled all things.
a. nobles b. scribes c. gods d. invaders
10) _______ worship was an important part of Shang religion.
a. character b. ancestor c. dynasty d. artisan
Workbook
Do You Remember? 9

sentences.
1) Why were the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers so important to the
people of Mesopotamia?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2) In what ways did Sumerians live better than prehistoric humans had?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3) What are some of the things the Sumerians did to keep their many gods
happy?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4) Why do we consider writing the most important Sumerian invention?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5) What was a Sumerian city like? Give specific examples.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Chart for Akkadians and Babylonians 10
Directions: The items listed in the box tell about either the Akkadians
or the Babylonians. Write each item under the correct
heading below.
• army used bronze weapons

• kingdom arose around 1800 B.C.
• powerful army was feared by everyone
• ruled by Hammurabi
• used Sumerian cuneiform to make written records
• leader improved roads and helped develop trade
• kingdom arose around 2340 B.C.
• ruled by Sargon I
• leader created the first system of laws
• leader repaired dikes and made irrigation systems longer
Akkadians Babylonians
______________________________________ ______________________________________
________________________________________ ________________________________________
________________________________________ ________________________________________
________________________________________ ________________________________________
________________________________________ ________________________________________
Workbook
Phoenicians and Hebrews True or False 11

it is false.
______ 1) Phoenicians used the North Star to navigate, or steer, their boats.
______ 2) We call the Middle East the Fertile Crescent because it is shaped like a half-moon.
______ 3) During their travels, Phoenician sailors founded colonies in Spain and France.
______ 4) A time when no crops grow and there is no food is called a covenant.
______ 5) A commandment is an agreement.
______ 6) We remember the Phoenicians because they gave us the alphabet.
______ 7) In the first part of today’s Bible, we find the story of the Hebrew people.
______ 8) According to the Bible, God gave Abraham the ten commandments on Mount Sinai.
______ 9) The Phoenicians lived in Canaan.
______10) The Phoenicians were the first people to believe in one all-powerful god.
______11) We call the eastern tip of the Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia.
______12) Morality is the right way of behaving toward others.
______13) The cities of Tyre and Sidon were built by rich Phoenician merchants and traders.
______14) Phoenicians settled in Carthage, Africa, about 1100 B.C.
______15) The cuneiform alphabet had 22 letters.
Workbook
Assyrian Crossword 12
4 5 6
9 10 11
12
13
14
11
Across Down
2) Capital of Assyria 1) Horse-drawn carriage with two wheels
3) Person who creates something by using 3) Fought with bows and arrows
his or her hands 6) Assurbanipal set up a ______ in Nineveh
4) To control 10) To disobey
5) Soldiers on horseback 11) Assyrian ______ began between 900 B.C.
7) Taxes paid to a stronger ruler or nation and 700 B.C.
8) To smelt is to quickly cool hot ______ 12) Ruler of a province or state
9) Areas that are parts of a larger country
13) To rob or steal
14) Chaldeans and ______ made an alliance
Workbook
Complete the Description 13

from the Word Bank. Some terms may be used more than
once.
Word Bank
Babylon glaze Persian
constellations Hanging Gardens predict
Cyrus Jerusalem priests
Egypt Nineveh sculptures
empire Nebuchadnezzar ziggurat
The Chaldeans became a powerful Middle-Eastern

1) _________________ after destroying 2) _________________. One of
their great kings was 3) _________________. He defeated the armies of
4) _________________ and 5) _________________.
The city of 6) _________________ was made beautiful by

7) _________________. The main street of 8) _________________ was
decorated with blue 9) _________________ and animal
10) _________________. The palace was famous for its
11) _________________. 12) _________________ may have built them for
a queen from another country.
Chaldean 13) _________________ studied the night sky from a

14) _________________. They called star pictures 15) _________________
and believed they could 16) _________________ the future.
17) _________________ died in 562 B.C. and his empire was defeated
by the 18) _________________ army. 19) _________________ the Great
captured 20) _________________ and the Chaldean Empire fell.
Workbook
Important People and Terms 14
Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail in Column B.

Write the letter of each correct answer on the line.
Column A Column B
______ 1) Cyrus the Great a) a stretcher for carrying people
______ 2) inspector b) divided Persian Empire into 20 provinces
______ 3) Darius I c) to pass along a message
______ 4) barter d) Zoroastrianism affected ______and

Christianity
______ 5) relay
e) to talk about the gods or how to live
______ 6) unify
f) told people about two forces in the world
______ 7) Lydians
g) the Persian Empire stretched from the
______ 8) conquer ______ River to the Indus River
______ 9) influence h) to trade things without using money
______10) litter i) to bring together as one
______11) preach j) king of Persia in 538 B.C.
______12) Zoroaster k) looks at how things are being done
______13) Judaism l) the idea for using coins came from the
______
______14) traders
m) an effect
______15) Nile
n) to defeat
o) Persians refused to become ______
Workbook
The Nile River 15
Directions: Circle the correct term to answer each question.
1) Like other early civilizations, where did the Egyptian civilization begin?
a delta a river valley the mountains a forest a seashore
2) What does the Nile River go through for most of its 4,000 miles?
an ocean a forest the Fertile Crescent a desert a field
3) When does the Nile flood?
when snow falls every summer before rain falls during a drought every spring
4) Where does the Nile begin?
India Africa Asia Mediterranean Sea Indian Ocean
5) Floods can cause harm, so some people think of them as what?
destroyers deltas disasters ditches dikes
6) What does the Nile form just before it reaches the Mediterranean Sea?
a delta a flood a valley a plain a ditch
7) What did the Ancient Egyptians use floods for?
to bathe in to make canals to irrigate their fields to get drinking water to sail their boats
8) How did Egyptians travel south on the Nile?
with the flow of the river along the banks in canoes in boats with large sails on rafts
9) Who was the Egyptian sun-god?
Hapi Moses Ra Delta Solar
10) For Egyptians, the east was a symbol of what?
harvest a flood death birth morning
Workbook
What Am I? 16
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct word or phrase from
the Word Bank that the sentence describes.
Word Bank
afterlife Lower Egypt project
caravan Memphis pyramids
civil war Menes tomb
double crown Old Kingdom unite
economy pharaoh Upper Egypt
1) I am where the people of the north lived. _______________
2) People like me ruled Egypt. _______________
3) Builders did not have tools for cutting stone when they built me.
_______________
4) I am a place where Egyptians buried their dead rulers. _______________
5) Egyptians wanted their rulers to be comfortable in me, so they buried treasures

along with the bodies. _______________
6) I am a word that means to bring together as one. _______________
7) I am a group of traders traveling together through a desert. _______________
8) Rulers of Egypt wore me to show that Egypt was united. _______________
9) I am where the people of the south lived. _______________
10) I am the capital built where Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt meet.
_______________
11) I am another name for a series of jobs. _______________
12) I am what historians call the time from 3100 B.C. to 2186 B.C. _______________
13) I am a god-king who built my capital near Egypt’s present capital.

_______________
14) When people begin fighting within their own country, I am the result.
_______________
15) I am the system of making and trading things. _______________
Name Date Period Chapter5
Workbook
People of the New Kingdom 17
Directions: Each sentence below tells about a person of the New

Kingdom. Write the letter of the sentence after the correct
name at the bottom of the page.
a) This ruler committed suicide to avoid surrendering to the Romans.

b) She was the first woman pharaoh.
c) This pharaoh believed the sun-god was the only god.
d) This pharaoh built temples that were open to light and air.
e) This pharaoh was the last of Egypt’s great rulers.
f) Ancient Egypt’s wonder ended when this ruler died.
g) This person became pharaoh after Hatshepsut died.
h) This ruler spread the influence of Egypt into Africa.
i) By building obelisks, statues, and temples, this pharaoh tried to rebuild
the empire after Egypt was conquered.
j) This pharaoh built army bases in all the lands Egypt controlled.
k) This person became pharaoh around 1372 B.C.
l) This ruler died in 30 B.C.
m) To conquer the cities along the eastern Mediterranean, this pharaoh set up a navy.
n) Egyptian art shows this pharaoh making offerings to Aton.
o) This pharaoh built a beautiful castle near Thebes.
Hatshepsut ________________________________________________________________________
Thutmose III _______________________________________________________________________
Ikhnaton __________________________________________________________________________
Ramses III _________________________________________________________________________
Queen Cleopatra ____________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Egyptian Gifts True or False 18
Directions: Reach each sentence. Write T if the statement is true or F

if it is false.
______ 1) The Egyptians learned how to use papyrus to make bricks.
______ 2) The Egyptians were skilled builders.
______ 3) A cubit is a measurement that is the length of an arm from the

end of the middle finger to the elbow.
______ 4) Egyptians used a counting system based on ten.
______ 5) Most of the temples that the Egyptians built are still in good
condition today.
______ 6) A scroll is a roll of papyrus.
______ 7) Egyptian artists carved large statues from wood.
______ 8) A fever is a high body temperature.
______ 9) Egyptians used geometry to survey, or measure, land.
______10) Ancient scrolls tell us that the Egyptians knew how to check for
a heartbeat.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 19

sentences.
1) Where did the Minoan civilization begin?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) How did the Greek civilization develop?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What kind of people were the Mycenaeans? What did they do?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) How do we know about the Trojan War?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) What trick did the Mycenaean warriors use to win the Trojan War?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
The Greek City-States 20
Directions: Circle the correct word to answer each question.
1) In ancient times, what kept the Greek people isolated from each other?
theaters rivers mountains valleys city-states

2) What did the Greeks build below the acropolis?
temples theaters churches statues pyramids

3) What are powerful families with large amounts of land?
aristocrats acrobats architects anthropologists artisans

4) What is rule by the people called?
tyranny dynasty polis democracy independence

5) A tyrant rules by force and not by what?
vote law polis government history

6) What did the Greeks build around the acropolis?
a polis civilization culture walls a canal

7) What is the Greek name for a city-state?
acropolis capital democracy theater polis

8) Who helped create democracy in Athens?
Soron Solon Plato Aristotle Socrates

9) What is the most important contribution the ancient Greeks made to
civilization?
the acropolis the Parthenon democracy theaters temples
10) Who were the first Greeks to develop a democratic government?
Mycenaeans Minoans aristocrats Trojans Athenians
Workbook
Peloponnesian War Crossword 21
1
3 4
9 10
11
12
13
14
Across Down
3) to have more soldiers, ships, or war machines 1) conquered by the Persians in 519 B.C.
than someone else has 2) narrow mountain pass in northern Greece
5) son of Darius 4) defeated Sparta in 371 B.C.
8) ran 25 miles to announce victory 6) freedom
9) a group of ships 7) waited for the Persians at Thermopylae
10) conquered the Ionian Greeks in Asia Minor 11) Bay 25 miles northeast of Athens
11) to move around
12) sent 600 ships to invade Greece in 490 B.C.
13) Athenians defeated Persians here
14) where King Philip II was from
Workbook
Greek Culture 22

it is false.
______ 1) Their love of beauty led the Greeks to create beautiful artwork.
______ 2) Greek statues showed the human body with its faults.
______ 3) A tragedy is a Greek play in which the hero loses to the gods.
______ 4) The Persian empire lay to the east of Greece.
______ 5) The philosopher Aristotle always said, “Know thyself.”
______ 6) Greek comedies made fun of important ideas.
______ 7) Logic is the study of how we think.
______ 8) A group of actors who tell what is happening in a Greek play is a

chorus.
______ 9) Athena was a powerful Greek ruler.
______ 10) The study of what is good and bad is called politics.
______ 11) Plato wrote a book called The Republic.
______ 12) The word philosopher means “a lover of power.”
______ 13) Aristotle wrote about biology and astronomy.
______ 14) Physics is the study of matter.
______ 15) The Athenians built the Parthenon during the Persian Wars.
Workbook
Alexander the Great 23

Column A Column B
______ 1) Philip II a) blend of eastern and western cultures
______ 2) Hellenism b) had lighted streets
______ 3) geometry c) Alexander was a pupil of ______
______ 4) pulleys d) where Alexander died
______ 5) Euclid e) Alexander freed ______ from Persian rule
______ 6) Syria f) Alexandria was built at the mouth of this river
g) Alexander’s father
______ 7) customs
h) the study of the measurement of round and flat
______ 8) Aristotle
things
______ 9) Nile
i) put together everything people knew about
geometry
______ 10) Mediterranean
j) wheels for ropes to pass over
______ 11) Antioch
k) Alexander’s kingdom was divided into Macedon,
______ 12) Archimedes Egypt, and ______
______ 13) Hellenistic Age l) the time when Greek culture influenced the world
______ 14) Babylon m) people adopted the Greek ______
______ 15) Egypt n) Euclid’s student
o) Hellenistic culture shaped the ______ world for

300 years
Workbook
What Am I? 24
Word Bank
advanced Latins senate
Etruscans Latium Tiber
founded patrician
Italy Remus
1) I am a plain south of the Tiber River. ________________
2) Romulus and I founded Rome in 753 B.C. ________________
3) I am an advanced tribe of people who lived north of the Tiber River. ________________
4) I am a word that means to have begun a country or city. ________________
5) In Rome, I was a person who owned land and helped govern. ________________
6) To help him make decisions, the king appointed men to me.________________
7) I am a boot-shaped peninsula. ________________
8) I am a word that means beyond the beginning stage.________________
9) I am the river on which Rome is located. ________________
10) I am a group of people from Latium. ________________
Workbook
Learning About the Roman Republic 25
Directions: Complete the paragraphs below. Choose the correct word

from the Word Bank. Some words may be used more than
once.
Word Bank
centuries plebeians senate
consuls political slavery
democracy power tablets
Etruscans representatives tribunes
laws republic veto
patricians
In 509 B.C., 1) ________________ rebelled and set up a

2) ________________. In a 3) ________________ , citizens vote to elect
4) ________________. The Roman 5) ________________ lasted almost 500 years
and was governed by two 6) ________________ who had the power to
7) ________________ , or say no to, a decision. The Roman 8) ________________
helped the 9) ________________ rule.
The Roman 10) ________________ was not a 11) ________________ . Only

12) ________________ could vote. Most Romans were 13) ________________ ,
which means “from the common people.” 14) ________________ had little
15) ________________ and could be sold into 16) ________________. They
gained 17) ________________ rights by choosing two 18) ________________ .
The 19) ________________ did not write down laws until 450 B.C. They
wrote the laws on 12 bronze 20) ________________ . Everyone had to learn the
21) ________________ .
An important part of Roman history is the struggle between plebeians and

22) ________________ . Even though 23) ________________ could hold political
offices and serve in the 24) ________________ , problems continued between the
two classes for many 25) ________________ .
Workbook
Do You Remember? 26

sentences.
1) What led to the Punic Wars?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2) How did the Romans defeat Carthage in the First Punic War?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3) How did the Second Punic War end?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4) Why did Carthaginians starve during the Third Punic War?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5) What happened to Carthage after the Punic Wars?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Facing Problems True or False 27

it is false.
______ 1) It was easy for Roman farmers who moved to the city to find jobs.
______ 2) To make money, some plebeians sold their votes to people running for
office.
______ 3) Tiberius Gracchus tried to take public land away from the poor.
______ 4) A riot is a noisy and sometimes deadly uprising.
______ 5) Gaius Gracchus lowered the price of grain for the poor.
______ 6) To challenge means to question if something is right or wrong.
______ 7) Patrician senators wanted reform.
______ 8) Lucius Sulla defeated Marius and made himself dictator.
______ 9) Someone who runs for office is a politician.
______ 10) In 60 B.C., four men ruled Rome together.
______ 11) Rome was the most powerful state in the Mediterranean area by 133 B.C.
______ 12) The Roman government sold soldiers’ farms for unpaid taxes.
______ 13) A reform is a large area of land.
______ 14) Sulla’s army won victories in North Africa and Gaul.
______ 15) In 60 B.C., Julius Caesar was the only leader of Rome.
Workbook
Age of Augustus Crossword 28
2 3
5 6
8 9
10
11
12
13
Across Down
1) Augustus Caesar’s reign was the _____ Age 1) During the Roman peace, people had a
of Rome. good _____ .
2) The Roman Empire stretched to Britain 3) The Roman Empire reached this river in
and the Danube and _____ Rivers. the East
3) controlled by Roman Empire 4) became known as Augustus Caesar
5) to last forever 7) Pax _____
6) Augustus divided these into two groups 8) Augustus built this to carry water
9) The Roman _____ lasted for five hundred
years.
10) having more of the things that make life
easier
11) began the second great period of Roman
history
12) what Augustus brought to Rome
13) People in the provinces paid heavy _____ .
Workbook
Roman Emperors 29
Directions: Each clue in the box tells about a Roman emperor. Write
the letter of each clue after the correct name at the bottom
of the page.
a) became a soldier l) was chosen by guards while the

senators debated
b) some people thought he was insane
m) senate condemned him to death
c) was the adopted son of Augustus
n) ruled from A.D. 98 to 117
d) was poisoned by his wife
o) thought everyone wanted to hurt him
e) Rome reached its greatest size under
his rule p) most historians think he was one of
Rome’s worst emperors
f) some say he made a horse a senator
q) lowered taxes and built new buildings
g) was the second emperor of Rome
r) surprised everyone by becoming a
h) thought of himself as an artist
good ruler
i) passed laws that protected women,
children, and slaves
s) was killed by his own guards
t) ruled from A.D. 117 to 138
j) became emperor in A.D. 161
k) built a wall across England
Claudius ______________________________________________________________________
Tiberius ______________________________________________________________________
Nero _________________________________________________________________________
Trajan ________________________________________________________________________
Caligula ______________________________________________________________________
Hadrian ______________________________________________________________________
Marcus Aurelius _______________________________________________________________
Workbook
Christianity Match-Up 30
Directions: Match each item on the left with the correct item on the
right. Write the correct letter on each blank.
______ 1) Rome’s first Christian emperor a) divine
______ 2) having to do with the gods b) Gospels
______ 3) a wonderful event that no one can explain c) Saul
______ 4) a non-Jew d) disciple
______ 5) one who speaks for God e) betray
______ 6) at first, he condemned Christians f) Gentile
______ 7) made Christianity the official religion of the g) Peter

Roman Empire
h) Constantine
______ 8) land that belongs to a people
i) Theodosius I
______ 9) a king sent by God to save people
j) crucify
______ 10) first four books of the New Testament
k) miracle
______ 11) put to death by Nero
l) homeland
______ 12) betrayed by Judas Iscariot
m) messiah
______ 13) to hang someone on a cross to die
n) prophet
______ 14) a follower of someone
o) Jesus of Nazareth
______ 15) to stop being loyal to someone
Workbook
Rome’s Contributions True or False 31

it is false.
______ 1) Justinian feared that Roman law would disappear.
______ 2) The Romans covered their buildings with marble to make them more
beautiful.
______ 3) Roman artists made their statues perfect.
______ 4) A vaulted ceiling is high and arched.
______ 5) The fall of Rome ended Roman influence.
______ 6) Something is practical if it is useful.
______ 7) Emperor Trajan built the Pantheon.
______ 8) The Romans did not know how to use concrete.
______ 9) Galen practiced archaeology in Rome around A.D. 180.
______ 10) Justinian collected and organized all Roman laws into a code.
______ 11) The Romans set up the first health-care system.
______ 12) A sewer is an underground pipe that carries away dirty water and
human waste.
______ 13) Roman laws made the empire a success for 1,000 years.
______ 14) The Romans did not believe that laws should punish people who do
wrong.
______ 15) The Pantheon is still standing today.
Workbook
What Am I? 32
Word Bank
barbaric Hippodrome patriarch
churches holy plague
Constantine icon principle
Constantinople Istanbul relics
Eastern Orthodox Justinian saint
1) I am a word that means following God’s ways. __________________
2) Constantine called me the “new Rome.” __________________
3) I am a small picture of a saint or Jesus. __________________
4) I am a leader of the church. __________________
5) Constantine collected many of me for Christian churches. __________________
6) With my army, I regained control of Rome. __________________
7) I am the church of the eastern part of the old Roman Empire. __________________
8) Like the Colosseum, chariot races are held in me. __________________
9) I am a person who follows God’s ways. __________________
10) I founded the capital of the Byzantine Empire. __________________
11) Constantine built many of me in Constantinople. __________________
12) I am a truth or a law. __________________
13) Decaying garbage spread me throughout Constantinople. __________________
14) After the Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire, I became the capital of the Ottoman
Empire. __________________
15) I am a word that means not civilized. __________________
Workbook
Do You Remember? 33

sentences.
1) What are three things that show Russia’s ties with the Byzantine Empire?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2) Why was Kiev an important city?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3) What are three things Ivan the Great did to help Russia?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4) How were the Slavs able to read and understand the Bible?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5) Why is Ivan IV known as Ivan the Terrible?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Complete the Description 34

from the Word Bank. Some terms may be used more than
once.
Word Bank
Canute knowledge Romans
Charlemagne Leif Eriksson Rome
Clovis literature soldiers
Dark Ages Newfoundland towns
Edward the Confessor Norman Vikings
Franks order villages
Germanic Paris William
kingdoms Roman Catholic
Western Europe changed after the fall of 1) _________________. Roman

2) _________________ could no longer keep order and 3) _________________ tribes took over
Roman lands. The Roman Empire was now hundreds of small 4) _________________.
These small 5) _________________ were always at war with each other. Roads, bridges,
6) _________________ , and 7) _________________ fell into ruin. People lost their
8) _________________ of the past and no longer learned about art, architecture, or
9) _________________ . Historians call this period of history the 10) _________________
because these things were lost.
The 11) _________________ began a civilization that became modern France and
Germany. Their leader was 12) _________________ . He united them and made
13) _________________ his capital. He was the first Germanic 14) _________________ king.
Charles the Great, or 15) _________________ , united all of Western Europe, and
brought back 16) _________________ . But the 17) _________________ from northern Europe
attacked his empire. The 18) _________________ were explorers who traveled many places.
19) _________________ landed on the coast of North America in 20) _________________ , as it
is called today.
Another Viking named 21) _________________ became ruler of England after the
22) _________________ left Britain. Later, 23) _________________ became king. When he died,
the Duke of Normandy, 24) _________________ , won the Battle of Hastings and became king.
25) _________________ rule influenced English language and culture.
Workbook
Middle Ages Religion Crossword 35
3 4 5
7 8
9 10
11
12 13
14
15
Across Down
2) the journey pilgrims take 1) Holy Land
4) a woman who leaves her home and enters a 3) where monks live and work together
convent 5) Pope _____ II called for the First Crusade
6) where Jesus of Nazareth lived 7) wrote a rule for monks and nuns
9) the crusaders learned about Arab _____ 8) person who goes on a crusade
10) last Christian city conquered by the Muslims 11) conquered Palestine in the seventh
12) military journeys century
14) where nuns live and work together 13) used to flavor food
15) someone who travels to visit a holy place
Workbook
Feudalism Match-Up 36
Directions: Match each item on the left with the correct item on the
right. Write the correct letter on each blank.
______ 1) served his lord and helped him in battle a) lord
______ 2) a sharp-pointed knife used for stabbing b) squire
______ 3) a soldier who fought for a lord c) fief
______ 4) what a vassal promised to his lord d) peasant
______ 5) what a page became when he was 15 years old e) battle ax
______ 6) to be made a knight f) dagger
______ 7) king or noble who gave land to someone else g) lance
______ 8) a steel-tipped spear h) page
______ 9) many knights spent their entire lives doing this i) feudalism
______ 10) a broad ax used in battle j) knighted
______ 11) a poor worker k) land
______ 12) a young noble trained to be a knight by first l) loyalty

becoming this
m) fighting
______ 13) a piece of land and the peasants who farmed it
n) vassal
______ 14) political and military system that arose during
the Middle Ages o) knight
______ 15) what a lord gave to a vassal
Workbook
Manor Life 37
Directions: Fill in each blank with the correct term. Choose your
answer from the terms in parentheses.
1) A __________________ (manor, moat, courtyard) is the dug-out area filled

with water that circles a castle.
2) Because of new __________________ (fertilizers, irrigation systems,

inventions), farmers began to grow crops in better ways.
3) The part of a fief that peasants farmed to support a lord’s family was a
__________________ (household, castle, manor).
4) Nobles held contests between knights called __________________ (relays,

tournaments, battles).
5) Most castles had __________________ (stone, sand, straw) floors.
6) The large open area inside the castle walls was called a __________________
(moat, drawbridge, courtyard).
7) The __________________ (three-field system, horseshoe, waterwheel) allowed

the soil to rest.
8) People who lived on the manor grew, raised, or made what they needed,
making the manor __________________ (peaceful, large, self-sufficient).
9) A __________________ (noble, knight, serf) was a peasant who was bound to

the land.
10) Blacksmiths worked with __________________ (bronze, stone, iron) to make

tools and weapons.
Workbook
Culture in the Middle Ages True or False 38

it is false.
______ 1) A patriarch is a priest who is in charge of other priests and a number of

churches.
______ 2) The bishop is the main priest at a cathedral.
______ 3) Education continued after the Roman Empire fell.
______ 4) People in the Middle Ages learned about Christianity from the artwork
in churches.
______ 5) Universities are schools where students study subjects of higher

learning.
______ 6) The Romanesque style of architecture uses arches and thick walls.
______ 7) People wrote three kinds of literature in the Middle Ages.
______ 8) Thomas Aquinas wrote a book about faith.
______ 9) During the Middle Ages, the legal system stayed the same as it had been
in the past.
______ 10) Advice is ideas about how to do something.
______ 11) The English jury was a group of 12 people who helped the judge.
______ 12) A trial is a court case with no jury.
______ 13) Charlemagne introduced the use of the jury in English courts.
______ 14) Monasteries opened schools to prepare boys to become monks or

priests.
______ 15) The Gothic style of architecture uses thin walls, many windows, and
flying buttresses.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 39
Directions: Write the answers to these questions using complete sentences.
1) Why did Muhammad and his followers flee Mecca?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2) What did Muhammad do when he returned to Mecca?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3) What are the five pillars each Muslim must follow?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4) How did the Arabic language spread across the world?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5) What do Muslims think of Jewish and Christian beliefs?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Islamic Civilization 40
Directions: Circle the correct word to answer each question.
1) Muslims leaders continued Muhammad’s teachings by means of what?
missionaries jihads mosques rubaiyats

2) What dynasty became rulers of the Arabian Empire in A.D. 750?
Ming Khayyam Al-Razi Abbasid

3) What caused the Islamic Empire to become rich?
trade science art gold

4) In mathematics, the Arabs borrowed the decimal system from whom?
Aztecs ancient Greeks Hindus Babylonians

5) What do we call a disease that can pass from one person to another?
lethal deadly contagious surplus

6) What does Islamic art never show?
patterns designs writing people

7) What is the name for a Muslim place of worship?
jihad mosque surplus contagious

8) Who was the best known Muslim poet?
Jabir Ali Baba Khayyam Al-Razi

9) What amount of food did the lands of Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley produce?
a surplus a shortage a ton none

10) Who may have been the first doctor to use casts for broken arms and legs?
Al-Razi Jabir Khayyam Baghdad
Workbook
African Kingdom Match-Up 41

Column A Column B
______ 1) Ghana a) largest city in Ghana
______ 2) Sundiata Kieta b) became a Muslim
______ 3) infidel c) founded in about A.D. 400
______ 4) Sonni Ali d) to choose someone for a job
______ 5) appoint e) empire that formed after Ghana lost its power
______ 6) caravans f) divided Mali into provinces
g) helped transport salt

______ 7) Kumbi
h) powerful king of Songhai
______ 8) Mali
i) one who does not believe in the religion another
______ 9) Mansu Musa
person believes in
______ 10) Timbuktu j) center of Islamic learning
Workbook
What Am I? 42
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct word that the sentence
describes. Choose your answer from the words in the Word Bank.
Word Bank
abandon maize slave
Aztec Maya Tikal
causeway Olmec Tula
crowbar
1) I am a corn-like plant raised by the Olmecs. ____________________
2) My people began building their civilization around A.D. 250. ____________________
3) I am a paved road over water that connects two pieces of land. ____________________
4) My people were fierce and warlike. ____________________
5) I was destroyed by the Aztecs. ____________________
6) I am a word that means to leave behind. ____________________
7) People owned me and treated me like property. ____________________
8) I was the largest Mayan city. ____________________
9) My people lived in farm villages. ____________________
10) The Incas invented me. ____________________
Workbook
Buddhism Crossword 43
4 5 6
9 10
11
12
13 14
Across Down
1) name meaning “Enlightened One” 1) Gautama gave up his silk clothes and
2) four “______ Truths” told about the dressed like a ______
meaning of life 3) said “Such is the way of life.”
5) a teaching of Hinduism that means being 4) religion of the people in India
born again into a new life 6) the state of knowing the truth
9) a wish for something 7) Buddha taught people to choose the
10) Siddhartha ______ became known as ______ way in all things
Buddha 8) Buddhists do not believe in this system
11) to control desire, Buddha said to follow the 12) where the spirit finds perfect peace
“______ Path”
14) a person’s spirit
13) nirvana is a condition of this
Workbook
Learning About India 44
Directions: Complete the paragraphs below. Choose the correct term from
the Word Bank. Some terms may be used more than once.
Word Bank
Akbar gravity Mongols religious
Babur Gupta moon scientists
civilians inoculate Muslim stupas
fairy tales mathematicians Red Fort surgery
gold Moghuls religion Taj Mahal
Golden Age
India was rich and peaceful during its 1) ________________ between A.D. 320
and 535. The 2) ________________ dynasty ruled India during this time. Indian
3) ________________ were translated into other languages. Art usually had to do
with 4) ________________ , and artists decorated 5) ________________ , buildings
in which monks were buried.
Indian 6) ________________ made discoveries during the

7) ________________ . They found the size of the 8) ________________ , and they
discovered 9) ________________ before the Europeans did. Indian
10) ________________ were the first people to use a number system based on ten.
Doctors performed 11) ________________ and learned to 12) ________________
people to protect them from disease.
The 13) ________________ Empire started to decline when the

14) ________________ from central Asia attacked it. The 15) ________________
invaded India in 1398, and in 1525, 16) ________________ set up the Moghul
Empire. When 17) ________________ ruled the Moghul Empire, he divided it into
12 provinces. He chose 18) ________________ to run the daily business of the
19) ________________ . Akbar was a 20) ________________ , but he treated all
people fairly and gave them 21) ________________ freedom.
When the 22) ________________ ruled, they built great buildings like the
23) ________________ and the 24) ________________ in Agra, which had
25) ________________ ceilings.
Workbook
China True or False 45
Directions: Read each sentence. Write T if the statement is true or F if it is

false.
______ 1) Around 1040, the Chinese invented printing.
______ 2) During the T’ang dynasty, China became rich and powerful.
______ 3) Sung paintings showed nature as small and unimportant.
______ 4) A masterpiece is a work of art that seems almost perfect.
______ 5) T’ang China did not trade with foreigners.
______ 6) The invention of printing lead to the spread of knowledge.
______ 7) Hangzhou was one of the most modern cities of the world during Sung
China.
______ 8) A Chinese trader learned how to make gunpowder from the Arabs, and
then introduced it to Europe.
______ 9) A compass uses a magnet to find direction.
______ 10) During the Sung dynasty, the Chinese invented few important things.
______ 11) Sung artists painted on paper or silk scrolls.
______ 12) Abacus is a hard, shiny pottery made from baked white clay.
______ 13) The T’ang dynasty ruled China from A.D. 960 to 1279.
______ 14) Europeans developed guns and cannons and changed the way people
fought wars.
______ 15) Europeans used the word mood to describe the beautiful porcelain of China.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 46
1) Japan is surrounded by water. How has this influenced Japan’s history?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2) What are three things the Japanese adopted from the Chinese culture?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3) How is Shinto different from Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4) What is one thing that shows how important the goddess of the sun is to the
Japanese people?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5) How did Buddhism come to Japan?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Japan’s Unique Culture 47

Column A Column B
______ 1) haiku a) a five-line poem with 31 syllables
______ 2) shogun b) name of Japanese era between A.D. 800 and 1200
______ 3) samurai c) a three-line poem with 17 syllables
______ 4) daimyo d) controlled by a daimyo
______ 5) estate e) power to control one’s actions and feelings
______ 6) judo f) Japanese warrior
______ 7) bushido g) what Japanese poems show
______ 8) hari-kari h) warrior code of honor
______ 9) tanka i) fought for each daimyo
______ 10) warriors j) wrote poetry and played music and games
______ 11) Heian k) a military dictator
______ 12) nobles l) to kill oneself with a knife
______ 13) calligraphy m) landowner in feudal Japan
______ 14) self-discipline n) beautiful handwriting
______ 15) mood o) a martial art
Workbook
Choose the Correct Answer 48
Directions: Circle the term that correctly completes each sentence. Choose
your answer from the terms in parentheses.
1) In the Middle Ages, the (peasants, clergy, serfs) stood at the top of society.
2) In 1348, a (rebellion, monsoon, plague) hit Western Europe.
3) (Renaissance, Philosophy, Bubonic) is a French word that means “rebirth.”
4) English peasants started a (philosophy, renaissance, rebellion) against King Richard II.
5) A person who hires someone else to do work is an (employer, artisan, employee).
6) The Black Death spread from one person to the next through (touch, fleas, cats).
7) The price of food (increased, decreased, stayed the same) when the Black Death hit Europe.
8) (Clergy, Renaissance, Philosophy) is the study of truth and wisdom.
9) People of the Renaissance looked back to the ideas of ancient (Greece, India, China).
10) The Black Death killed (hundreds, thousands, millions) of people.
Workbook
The Spirit of the Renaissance 49
Directions: Write the correct word or phrase from the Word Bank to
complete each sentence.
Word Bank
Greece Isabella d’Este Renaissance
humanism Latin tutor
humanist learning
ignorant Middle Ages
1) A ________________________ is a teacher who teaches one person at a time.
2) ________________________ had political power and became the ruler of Mantua,

Italy.
3) A person who believes that people should be happy while alive is a
________________________ .
4) The ________________________ began around 1350 in northern Italy.
5) Humanists searched libraries for writing from ancient Rome and

________________________ .
6) Renaissance people thought the people of the Middle Ages were
________________________ .
7) To learn about ancient Greece and Rome, people of the Renaissance studied
________________________ .
8) ________________________ is the belief that human actions, ideas, and works are
important.
9) The Renaissance was a rebirth of ________________________ .
10) One Renaissance writer called the ________________________ the “Dark Ages.”
Workbook
The Renaissance in Italy True or False 50

false.
______ 1) Florence had a republican form of government.
______ 2) The city-states of northern Italy were led by only one ruler.
______ 3) The people of Florence grew richer near the end of Lorenzo’s life.
______ 4) A sculptor carves statues.
______ 5) The Medici family became the most important ruling family in Venice.
______ 6) Savonarola was a monk who preached against the Renaissance.
______ 7) Worldly things have to do with religion.
______ 8) Lorenzo de Medici came to power in 1469.
______ 9) Savonarola was executed because he supported the pope.
______ 10) The city-state of Florence remained powerful after Savonarola was
executed.
______ 11) The citizens of Florence were happy when Piero gave up the city
without a fight.
______ 12) To criticize is to find wrong in something.
______ 13) Genoa defeated Venice in the fourteenth century and gained control of
Mediterranean trade.
______ 14) Lorenzo used his family’s money to help artists and scholars.
______ 15) Savonarola called Piero Medici a tyrant.
Workbook
People of the Renaissance 51
Directions: Each item below tells about a person who lived during the
Renaissance. Write the letter of the item after the correct name
at the bottom of the page.
a) ruled England between 1558 and 1603

b) wrote stories in English
c) wrote dramas and sonnets
d) Spanish writer
e) one of the greatest writers in the English language
f) invented the first printing press that used moveable metal type
g) wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha
h) printed the Bible
i) England gained political power and economic wealth during this person’s reign
j) published first part of a novel in 1605
Elizabeth I _________________________________________________________________
William Shakespeare _________________________________________________________
Geoffrey Chaucer ____________________________________________________________
Miguel de Cervantes __________________________________________________________
Johann Gutenberg ___________________________________________________________
Workbook
Renaissance Artists Crossword 52
2 3
10
11
Across Down
1) the act of making something 1) a small church
2) city-state Michelangelo was born near 2) Pope Julius II asked Raphael to paint these
4) Lorenzo de Medici helped him in his studies 3) St. Peter’s Church is the largest ______
6) chapel Michelangelo painted church in the world
8) born in 1483 4) what Raphael and Michelangelo produced
9) home of the pope 5) country in which Raphael was born
10) statue Michelangelo completed in 1504 6) something that has been built
11) shows Mary holding the dead body of Jesus 7) Italian for “my lady”
Workbook
The Reformers Match-Up 53

Column A Column B
______ 1) reformer a) was burned at the stake in 1415
______ 2) John Wycliffe b) someone who teaches a belief that a religious authority thinks
is false
______ 3) authority
c) someone who tries to change a system
______ 4) Philip IV
d) the right to tell someone what to do
______ 5) heretic
e) what religious and political leaders feared when Huss
criticized the church
______ 6) John Huss
f) Italian pope arrested in 1303

______ 7) “Poor Preachers”
g) tried to tax church officials in 1294

______ 8) Boniface VIII
h) language into which Wycliffe translated the Latin Bible

______ 9) English
i) Wycliffe’s followers
______ 10) rebellion
j) said the church had too much power and wealth
Workbook
Martin Luther and the Reformation 54
Word Bank
Christian influence St. Peter’s
debate Luther salvation
faith officials Tetzel
Germany purgatory theses
indulgences Reformation
Martin Luther was born in 1) ________________ in 1483. He began a movement

called the 2) ________________ which challenged the 3) ________________ religion in
Europe. For a long time, Luther struggled with questions about 4) ________________ .
He came to believe that he could win 5) ________________ by 6) ________________
alone.
In1517, Pope Leo X began to sell 7) ________________ . A monk named John

8) ________________ told people they could buy 9) ________________ to free a friend’s
soul from 10) ________________ . The money that Pope Leo X and
11) ________________ got was used to build 12) ________________ Church in Rome.
13) ________________ said that selling indulgences was wrong. 14) ________________
criticized him. 15) ________________ wrote 95 16) ________________ about actions of the
church. He wanted to 17) ________________ them with church 18) ________________ . Luther’s
19) ________________ were printed and they spread to other countries. The sale of indulgences
went down and the church tried to stop Luther’s 20) ________________ in Europe.
Workbook
Luther’s Church True or False 55

false.
______ 1) Pope Leo X supported Luther’s beliefs.
______ 2) Luther said that only faith in Jesus Christ could save people.
______ 3) Luther got rid of all the rituals of the Catholic Church.
______ 4) A minister can lead a religious ceremony in a Protestant church.
______ 5) Luther believed that religious truth came from the Bible.
______ 6) German princes liked Luther’s ideas and began to go against the
Catholic Church.
______ 7) Baptism is a ritual by which a person grows in faith.
______ 8) The Peace of Augsburg was signed after Luther died.
______ 9) A Protestant is a Christian who belongs to the Roman Catholic Church.
______ 10) Communion is a ritual by which a person becomes a Christian.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 56
1) Had Henry VIII always agreed with Luther’s ideas? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2) How did the Reformation in England begin?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3) Why did Henry VIII appoint a new archbishop of Canterbury?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4) How did many Anglican rituals become a blend of Catholic and Protestant ceremonies?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5) Who were the Puritans?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
What Am I? 57
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct word or phrase from the
Word Bank that the sentence describes.
Word Bank
Calvinist Geneva Paris
elder Huguenot sinful
elect John Calvin
gambling Martin Luther
1) I am a French Calvinist. ________________
2) I am the city in which the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre occurred. ________________
3) I am a follower of the religion founded by John Calvin. ________________
4) I am an experienced, older person. ________________
5) John Calvin’s council said I was sinful. ________________
6) I became known as the “city of saints.” ________________
7) I sparked the religious Reformation in 1517. ________________
8) My book, Institutes of the Christian Religion, was published in 1536. ________________
9) I am a word that means going against religious rules. ________________
10) I am a Calvinistic term for the people God has chosen to save. ________________
Workbook
Directions: Circle the term that correctly completes each sentence. Choose
your answer from the terms in parenthesis.
1) A (hypothesis, theory, conclusion) is a statement that explains why or how

something happens.
2) Ptolemy believed that the (sun, moon, earth) was the center of the universe.
3) (Copernicus, Kepler, Ptolemy) published a book that said the earth traveled around
the sun.
4) By using mathematics, (Aristotle, Kepler, Copernicus) showed that the shape of a

planet’s orbit is an ellipse.
5) Martin Luther thought Copernicus was (a heretic, a wise scientist, a fool).
6) In the past, people had often wondered if the sun (rotated, revolved, concluded)
around the earth.
7) Copernicus believed the sun was the center of the universe based on
(logical thinking, experiments, Ptolemy’s theory).
8) To look at facts and arrive at a decision is to (ellipse, conclude, revolve).
9) Kepler observed the planet (Venus, Jupiter, Mars) and proved Copernicus right.
10) Aristotle believed that all movement in the heavens had to be shaped like
(circles, ellipses, ovals).
Workbook
Galileo True or False 59

false.
______ 1) Galileo rejected Copernicus’s theory of a sun-centered universe.
______ 2) The Catholic Church said that Copernicus’s theory challenged the
Bible.
______ 3) Heresy is a teaching or a belief that a religious authority thinks is false.
______ 4) Galileo’s finding contradicted the teachings of Aristotle.
______ 5) Today, many scientists call Galileo the founder of experimental

mathematics.
______ 6) The Catholic Church censored the work of Copernicus.
______ 7) The Roman Inquisition ordered Galileo to be burned at the stake.
______ 8) Galileo showed that gravity makes all objects in outer space fall at the
same rate of speed.
______ 9) Until 1610, Galileo taught mathematics at the University of Padua.
______ 10) By looking through a telescope, Galileo found that the sun, moon, and
plants were perfect, unchanging bodies.
Workbook
Isaac Newton’s Discoveries 60

Column A Column B
______ 1) reflect a) what Newton used to explain his theory about gravity
______ 2) scientific b) a predictable pattern in science is this kind of law
______ 3) Catholic Church c) Newton did not see himself as a _______ , even though
others did
______ 4) attract
d) the force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth
______ 5) prism
______ 6) absorb e) to bounce off an object
______ 7) falling apple f) Newton proved that gravity caused different kinds of this
______ 8) motion g) scientists feared they could be censored by the _______
______ 9) genius h) to pull something toward oneself
______ 10) gravity

i) to soak up
j) a three-sided object that can be seen through
Workbook
Early Science Crossword 61
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
10
11 12
13
14
15
16
17
Across Down
1) a group of people with something in common 2) said all scientists were friends
3) Belgian doctor 4) made a lens that magnified an
5) kind of electricity object 270 times
8) invented a new kind of clock 6) the center of something
9) Vesalius’s works contradicted him 7) found a way to represent points in
10) Harvey studied blood _______ space
11) made mathematics easier 8) discovered that the heart works as
a pump
13) to move in a pattern from one place to another
9) studied the compass
14) hard, yellowish remains of a liquid that comes out
of trees 12) experimented with lightning
15) developed by Newton and Leibniz 14) what Vesalius studied
16) developed by Celsius and Fahrenheit
17) to make something appear larger than it is
Workbook
The Rise of Nations 62
Word Bank
Age of Kings Hobbes power
absolute language Spain
boundaries monarch traditions
disobey nationalism
government nobles
People have not always thought of themselves as loyal to the country they live
in. During feudalism, people were loyal to 1) __________________ . England
became a nation in the eleventh century in Europe, and 2) __________________
began. 3) __________________ is loyalty to one’s country or nation.The people in
the new nations of Europe shared geographic 4) __________________ ,
5) __________________ , history, and 6) __________________ .
Each new nation needed to choose a form of 7) __________________ .

Philosopher Thomas 8) __________________ believed that a powerful
9) __________________ would best unify a nation. A 10) __________________ is a
king or queen. Some of these people had so much 11) __________________ that
historians call them 12) __________________ monarchs. The time in which they
ruled is known as the 13) __________________ .
Philip III was the king of 14) __________________ in the early 1600s.
His servants let him burn in a fire because they did not want to
15) __________________ his royal orders. This shows just how powerful
monarchs like him were.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 63
1) When and where did the Moors build their civilization? How long did it last?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) What did Isabella do to make all of Spain into a Catholic nation?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What countries of his empire did Charles V inherit? What other land did he
control?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) Why did Philip II decide to invade England?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) What are two reasons the English defeated the Spanish Armada?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
What Am I? 64
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct term from the Word Bank that
the sentence describes. Some terms may be used more than once.
Word Bank
Cavalier Glorious Revolution Roundhead
Charles I Habeas Corpus tolerant
constitutional monarchy monarchy Tory
Cromwell Restoration Whig
English Bill of Rights
1) I fought for the king in the English Civil War. ______________________
2) During the Restoration, I was brought back to England. ______________________
3) William and Mary signed me before they became monarchs. ______________________
4) I am a form of government that includes both a democracy and a king or queen.

______________________
5) I supported a strong monarchy in England. ______________________
6) As a Puritan, I fought for Parliament in the English Civil War. ______________________
7) I gave members of Parliament the right to speak freely. ______________________
8) In Latin, I mean “you should have the body.” ______________________
9) I supported the English Parliament. ______________________
10) I am what historians call the period in England when James II was overthrown.
______________________
11) In 1679, the English Parliament passed me. ______________________
12) My army of Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers. ______________________
13) I was beheaded in 1649. ______________________
14) I am the name of Charles II’s 25-year reign. ______________________
15) My definition is “to respect the beliefs of others.” ______________________
Workbook
Directions: Circle the answer that best answers each question.

1) Who are high officials of the Roman Catholic Church?
advisers cardinals burdens opposers

2) Who ruled France when Louis XIV was too young to make decisions?
Louis XIII Versailles Richelieu Mazarin

3) What word describes a heavy load?
burden central oppose adviser

4) Who served as Louis XIII’s adviser?
Mazarin Richelieu Versailles Louvre

5) Louis XIV needed what to become the single ruler of France?
an adviser a national army nobles burdens

6) In what palace in Paris did Louis XIV live?
Versailles Louvre Taj Mahal Hagia Sophia

7) What word means to be against something?
advise burden central oppose

8) What did people call Louis XIV?
the “Grand Prince” the “Sun King” the “Great” the “New King”
9) Cardinal Richelieu stood against what form of government?
absolute monarchy constitutional monarchy democratic central

10) Where did Louis XIV build his dream palace?
Versailles Louvre England Mazarin
Workbook
Russia and Prussia True or False 66

false.
______ 1) Peter the Great built St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea.
______ 2) Maria Theresa made Prussia a military state.
______ 3) A constitution is a body of laws that states the rights of the people and
the power of the government.
______ 4) Mikhail Romanov was chosen to lead Russia in 1613.
______ 5) Peter the Great did not allow scholars and artists into Russia.
______ 6) Catherine the Great had a constitution written for Russia in 1767.
______ 7) By the 1790s, Prussia had become a powerful military force in Europe.
______ 8) In a military state, a ruler keeps power through the military.
______ 9) Frederick II invaded Silesia in 1740.
______ 10) Peter the Great wanted to make Russia into a modern nation.
______ 11) Catherine the Great never favored freedom for Russian serfs.
______ 12) Maria Theresa was the ruler of Austria when Frederick II invaded
Silesia.
______ 13) Peter the Great was the son of Mikhail Romanov.
______ 14) Catherine the Great did not allow religious freedom in Russia.
______ 15) England and Russia invaded Austria after Frederick II attacked Silesia.
Workbook
Exploring New Lands 67
Directions: Each item below tells about a country that explored new lands in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Write the letter of the item after
the correct country at the bottom of the page.
a) financed Columbus’s journey

b) gained control of Brazil in the Americas
c) da Gama reached it in 1498
d) allowed the Portuguese to trade in Macao
e) Magellan’s country
f) ruled by Queen Isabella
g) the pope gave this country control over African trade and exploration
h) allowed the Dutch and Spanish to open a trading center in Canton
i) explorers wanted to find new trade routes to China and this country
j) where Magellan started his journey around the world
Spain ________________________________________________________________________
Portugal ______________________________________________________________________
China ________________________________________________________________________
India _________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
The Spanish Conquest Match-Up 68
Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail from Column B.

Column A Column B
______ 1) Cortés a) emperor of the Incas
______ 2) convert b) Aztec god
______ 3) negotiate c) Spanish conquerors who sought gold and glory
______ 4) Pizarro d) wanted to change the religion of the natives
______ 5) conquistadores e) defeated the Aztecs
______ 6) Montezuma f) country where the Incas lived
______ 7) Aztecs g) Aztec city where the emperor lived
______ 8) Quetzalcoatl h) to talk together, make bargains, and agree on something
______ 9) Tenochtitlan i) Aztec ruler
______ 10) Incas j) Pizarro and his men fought over this
______ 11) Atahualpa k) rebelled and forced the Europeans out of Tenochtitlan
______ 12) immunity l) to change one’s religion to another religion or belief
______ 13) missionaries m) protection against a disease
______ 14) Peru n) led conquistadores against the Incas
______ 15) gold o) accepted Spanish rule because they had no guns
Workbook
Spain’s Colonies Multiple Choice 69
Directions: Write the letter of the answer that best completes each
sentence.
______ 1) New Spain was governed by _________ .
a. Coronado b. de Soto c. viceroys d. descendants
______ 2) Because of the __________ , thousands of Native Americans suffered and died.
a. encomienda b. plantation c. viceroys d. descendants
______ 3) __________ tried to end the cruel treatment of the Native Americans.
a. De Soto b. Coronado c. Las Casas d. Pizarro
______ 4) A large area of farmland is a __________ .
a. province b. descendant c. plantation d. viceroy
______ 5) The __________ was a Spanish system of forced labor.
a. feudal system b. encomienda c. conquistador d. viceroy
______ 6) To __________ is to bring into a country something from another place.
a. enslave b. implant c. export d. import
______ 7) __________ explored Florida.
a. Las Casas b. De Soto c. Coronado d. Pizarro
______ 8) A person who comes from a specific group of people is a __________ .
a. viceroy b. descendant c. plantation d. slave
______ 9) The Native American population __________ after the Spanish first arrived.
a. increased b. decreased c. doubled d. did not change
______ 10) Spain began to import workers from __________ to use as slaves.
a. Africa b. China c. Japan d. Italy
Workbook
Do You Remember? 70
1) What five countries explored and set up colonies in the Americas?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2) Why did France and England go to war with each other?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3) How did plants from the Americas lead to an increase in European population?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4) What crops did Native Americans grow that were new to people in the rest of the
world?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5) What areas had European nations gained control of by the late 1800s?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Natural Laws True or False 71

false.
______ 1) Newton’s law showed that there is no way to predict the movement of
the moon and planets.
______ 2) To reason is to think in a logical way.
______ 3) Enlightened thinkers wanted to improve how people live.
______ 4) The Age of Kings began when Newton published his famous book in
1687.
______ 5) Ignorance is the state of not knowing much.
______ 6) Enlightened thinkers were guided by their feelings.
______ 7) Something is predictable if it acts in a certain orderly way.
______ 8) Newton influenced many scientists.
______ 9) Enlightened thinkers believed in scientific reasoning.
______ 10) Newton used experiments to make his discoveries about the natural
universe.
Workbook
New Government Crossword 72
1 2
6 7 8
10
11
12
Across Down
1) legal agreement 2) what Hobbes believed people would give
5) branch of English government that made up their freedom to gain
the laws 3) special right given to a person or to a group
6) believed order was more important than of people
freedom 4) Locke believed people were ______
8) thought of government as a contract 5) one of Locke’s rights
9) believed the government must have 7) Montesquieu thought this held together
separate branches every type of government
10) believed civilization made people do bad 8) one of Locke’s rights
things 11) idea that is important to people
11) goodness to one another
12) one of Locke’s rights
Workbook
Enlightened Thinkers Multiple Choice 73
sentence.
______ 1) During the Age of _________ , scientists discovered many new things.
a. Kings b. Exploration c. Reason d. Rights
______ 2) __________ published an encyclopedia of articles about new learning.
a. Voltaire b. Diderot c. Geoffrin d. Rousseau
______ 3) In Paris, a __________ was a meeting of Enlightenment artists, writers, and thinkers.
a. prejudice b. jury c. center d. salon
______ 4) Frederick the Great wanted to fight the __________ in Prussia.
a. ignorance b. salons c. nobles d. Enlightenment
______ 5) To __________ is to make something not legal.
a. judge b. ban c. prejudice d. salon
______ 6) __________ became the center of the Enlightenment.
a. Rome b. Paris c. Austria d. Prussia
______ 7) Enlightenment thinkers wanted to use __________ to solve problems.
a. experiments b. mathematics c. reason d. feelings
______ 8) __________ believed a person had the right to say anything.
a. Diderot b. Newton c. Voltaire d. Maria Theresa
______ 9) The work of __________ helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment.
a. Diderot b. Voltaire c. Geoffrin d. Frederick the Great
______ 10) The first person to give Frederick the name “the Great” was __________ .
a. Diderot b. Voltaire c. Newton d. Maria Theresa
Workbook
Enlightenment Artists Match-Up 74
Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail from Column B

Column A Column B
______ 1) fugue a) wrote The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro
______ 2) symphony b) type of music developed in the late 1600s
______ 3) Jonathan Swift c) “father of the symphony”
______ 4) woodwind d) wrote Robinson Crusoe
______ 5) history e) someone who makes up music
______ 6) Edward Gibbon f) type of music developed in the 1700s and 1800s
______ 7) composer g) great baroque composer
______ 8) classical h) type of baroque music that repeats a melody
______ 9) Daniel Defoe i) popular to study during the Age of Reason
______ 10) Mozart j) wrote plays that made fun of French nobles
______ 11) melody k) published Gulliver’s Travels in 1726
______ 12) Bach l) tune
______ 13) baroque m) important form of classical music
______ 14) Haydn n) instrument musicians play by blowing into it
______ 15) Molière o) wrote The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Workbook
The Industrial Revolution Begins 75
Word Bank
capital government population
coal Industrial Revolution potato
developing industrialized power
economists iron ore rivers
factories machines United States
Germany natural resources
The 1) ______________________________ began in England when workers began to

work in 2) _______________ and use 3) _______________ to produce goods. England was
able to industrialize because it had 4) _______________ , enough workers, and
5) _______________ to build factories and machines.
The three 6) _______________________ England had were 7) _______________ ,

8) _______________ , and 9) _______________ . England had enough people to work in
factories because its 10) _______________ had increased by 50 percent because of the
11) _______________ . Also, farmers were forced off the land by the 12) _______________ .
Factory owners used 13) _______________ , or money used to make more money, to start
their factories.
The changes that occurred in England began to spread to other countries.

14) _______________ was industrialized by 1860, and the 15) ______________________ soon
followed. 16) _________________ , or people who study money, call countries like these
17) _________________ nations. They call other countries 18) _______________ nations.
Industrialized nations need 19) _______________ , a 20) _______________ source, and
workers.
Workbook
First Modern Industries True or False 76

false.
______ 1) The textile industry produced cloth made of cotton, silk, or wool.
______ 2) The inventions of John Kay, James Hargreaves, and Richard Arkwright
helped the textile industry.
______ 3) Samuel Crompton invented the “spinning jenny.”
______ 4) A manufacturer hires people to work with machines to make a product

to sell.
______ 5) Cotton farmers in the United States exported most of their cotton to
textile factories in Germany.
______ 6) Mass production means to put the parts of something together.
______ 7) Eli Whitney became wealthy as a cotton manufacturer.
______ 8) Steel was important because it was stronger than iron and did not easily
break.
______ 9) Abraham Darby found a way to get rid of impurities in iron.
______ 10) Things that are identical are exactly alike.
______ 11) Coke is a thread of cotton, silk, wool, or other material.
______ 12) The factory system changed the way people worked.
______ 13) Removing seeds from cotton became easier because of the cotton gin.
______ 14) The Ruhr Valley in Germany became an important steel center.
______ 15) Mass production greatly increases the time workers need to make a
product.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 77
1) Why does industry need good transportation?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2) How did canals help manufactures? What were some problems with canals?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3) How did James Watt’s steam engine help textile manufacturers?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4) Why do historians call George Stephenson the “founder of the railways”?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5) What became the most important form of transportation in the nineteenth
century? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
What Am I? 78
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct term from the Word
Word Bank
cotton cloth industrialization telegraph
Daimler labor union telephone
electricity Lowell
farmers spinning machine
1) I am what most people worked as before the 1750s. ________________________
2) British textile factories made more than half of the world’s supply of me.
________________________
3) Samuel Slater brought plans for building me to the United States.

________________________
4) Great Britain passed laws to stop the spread of me. ________________________
5) I am the factory town Francis Lowell built in Massachusetts. ________________________
6) Factory owners did not allow workers to form me. ________________________
7) I was invented by Samuel F. B. Morse. _________________________
8) Alexander Graham Bell invented me. _________________________
9) I invented the internal combustion engine. ________________________
10) I was an important new source of power in the late 1800s. ________________________
Workbook
sentence.
______ 1) _________ means to provide soldiers with food and a place to live.
a. Consent b. Quarter c. Violate d. Repeal
______ 2) England and __________ fought to control North America.

a. Italy b. Spain c. Russia d. France
______ 3) To __________ is to do away with a law.

a. consent b. violate c. repeal d. quarter
______ 4) The Stamp Act put a tax on __________ .

a. newspapers b. tea c. ships d. Parliament
______ 5) A __________ is a person who settles in a new place.

a. capital b. consent c. conquistador d. colonist
______ 6) The American people thought the Quartering Act __________ their rights.
a. protected b. declared c. repealed d. violated
______ 7) The __________ put a tax on common products.

a. Stamp Act b. Townshend Acts c. Quartering Act d. Navigation Acts
______ 8) Between 1607 and 1773, __________ established 13 colonies in North America.
a. England b. France c. Portugal d. Spain
______ 9) The British Parliament __________ the Stamp Act in 1766.

a. increased b. decreased c. repealed d. violated
______ 10) In 1773, some colonists threw tea into a harbor in __________ .
a. Boston b. Jamestown c. Townshend d. Plymouth
Workbook
The French Revolution Match-Up 80
Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail from Column B

Column A Column B
______ 1) estate a) prison where the French Revolution began
______ 2) wealth b) war in France
______ 3) clergy c) class of people in France
______ 4) farmers d) where Louis XVI and the Estates-General met
______ 5) nobles e) a large amount of money
______ 6) mob f) the Third Estate paid a lot of _______
______ 7) Estates-General g) told the clergy and nobles to join the National Assembly
______ 8) National Assembly h) part of the Third Estate
______ 9) Bastille i) made up the First Estate
______10) French Revolution j) nation with the most money in Europe in the 1770s
______11) France k) governmental body of representatives from three estates
______12) taxes l) made up the Second Estate
______13) Louis XVI m) city where many starving people lived
______14) Paris n) large group of people
______15) Versailles o) what representatives of the Third Estate formed
Workbook
Revolution In France Crossword 81
1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8
10
11 12
13 14
15
16
17
Across Down
1) lawmaking body 1) leader of Austria
3) Reign of ______ 2) machine the French used to execute people
4) has a strong opinion on an issue 4) wanted to kill anyone who opposed the
6) to make sure people follow the law revolution
8) new, democratic government of France 5) king of France
9) women marched on ______ in October, 1789 6) the same rights for everyone
13) queen of France 7) branch of government that enforces laws
15) French noble who fled France 10) has a slight opinion on an issue
16) group of people who meet to get something 11) what Louis XVI was put on trial for
done 12) made up of five people
17) radical leader during the French Revolution 14) one who took control of French
government in 1799
Workbook
Do You Remember? 82
1) What effective new military tactic did Napoleon develop?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) With what did Napoleon replace the Holy Roman Empire?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What were the effects of Napoleon’s Continental System?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) Why was Napoleon’s retreat from Russia a military disaster?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) Who defeated Napoleon in 1814? where? Who defeated him in 1815? where?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
The Congress of Vienna 83
Directions: Read the words in the Word Bank. On the line before each
sentence, write the letter of the word that correctly completes
the sentence.
Word Bank
a) Austria e) kings h) Napoleon
b) confederation f) land i) nationalism
c) Congress of Vienna g) Metternich j) revolution
d) foreign minister
______ 1) William III of Prussia and Czar Alexander of Russia attended the
__________ .
______ 2) Leaders of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, and Russia defeated

__________ in 1814.
______ 3) A __________ handles dealings with other countries.
______ 4) The Congress of Vienna wanted to stop __________ in France.
______ 5) __________ wanted a balance of power in Europe.
______ 6) The Congress of of Vienna felt that __________ was part of the “disease”
of the French Revolution.
______ 7) The Congress gave __________ to the nations that had fought against
Napoleon.
______ 8) A __________ is a group, or union, of states or nations.
______ 9) The Congress decided to restore all the __________ whom Napoleon
had driven from power.
______ 10) Prince Metternich was the foreign minister of __________ .
Workbook
Latin America True or False 84

false.
______ 1) Spain, France, and Portugal ruled Latin America in the early nineteenth
century.
______ 2) The first successful revolt in Latin America took place in New Granada.
______ 3) The creoles were born in Spain, and held the most important offices in
the colonial government.
______ 4) Simón Bolívar rejected Spanish rule.
______ 5) José San Martín became president of Great Colombia.
______ 6) Mexico freed itself from Spanish control in 1821.
______ 7) Wealthy Mexican creoles did not want independence from Spain.
______ 8) Brazil won independence from South America in 1822.
______ 9) Toussant L’Ouverture led slaves on the island of Hispaniola to

independence.
______ 10) Simón Bolívar began a revolution in Mexico.
______ 11) José San Martín was a creole leader from Argentina.
______ 12) All the colonies of South America were united into one nation.
______ 13) The ancestors of the creoles came from Mexico.
______ 14) Peninsulars were born in Colombia.
______ 15) Miguel Hidalgo challenged the Native American peasants to rebel.
Workbook
Change Comes to Europe 85
Word Bank
Belgium Germany Netherlands republic
Charles X liberals Ordinances revolution
citizen Louis Philippe parliament Russia
conservatives Louis XVIII political violence
constitution monarchy press voting
democracy nationalists radicals
Three 1) _______________________ groups formed because of the French Revolution.

The 2) _______________________ were mainly rich landowners and nobles. They did not
support 3) _______________________ . The 4) _________________ were rich merchants and
businessmen. They wanted a written 5) _______________________ and an elected
6) _______________________ . They feared 7) _______________________ . The
8) _________________ believed that monarchies should become democracies, and some used
9) _________________ to change society.
In France, the 10) _________________ ended when Louis XVI was executed.
Then, 11) _______________________ became king. He tried to please both the
12) _______________________ and the 13) _________________ . He could not please either
group. The next king was 14) _________________ . He wanted to become an absolute
monarch. He issued laws called the July 15) _______________________ that abolished the
legislature, limited 16) _________________ rights, and ended freedom of the press. He was
forced from the throne by middle-class 17) _________________ , workers, and students in
what is called the July 18) _______________________ . The working-class rebels wanted to
make France a 19) _________________ . Their king was 20) _______________________ .
The changes in France influenced people in other countries. In 1830, people in

21) _________________ rebelled against the 22) _______________________ . The Polish also
rebelled, but did not win independence from 23) _________________ . In Germany and Italy,
24) _______________________ rebelled, but were also put down. Austrian troops ended the
revolt in Italy. The Confederation of German States ended the revolt in 25) _______________ .
Workbook
The Year of Revolutions Match-Up 86

Column A Column B
______ 1) Louis Philippe a) socialists were against this
______ 2) socialist b) leader of the French socialists
______ 3) Louis Blanc c) believed all of history was a class struggle
______ 4) workshops d) brought peace to France
______ 5) utopian e) important organizing force for societies
______ 6) Louis Napoleon f) the working class according to Marx
______ 7) Thomas More g) the citizen king
______ 8) perfect h) person who wants to end private ownership
______ 9) Karl Marx i) what a utopian society is
______ 10) proletariat j) asked, “What remains standing in Europe?”
______ 11) revolution k) fled to England after a revolt in Austria
______ 12) Prince Metternich l) what Blanc set up to create more jobs
______ 13) nationalism m) wrote a book in 1516 about a future society
______ 14) Czar Nicholas n) society in which everyone works together peacefully
______ 15) private ownership o) according to Marx, only way to improve workers’ lives
Workbook
What Am I? 87
Word Bank
Austria Mazzini revolution
Cavour Napoleonic Wars Rome
France prime minister Victor Emmanuel II
Garibaldi
1) I am a leader of many democratic government systems. ____________________
2) I gave birth to nationalism in Italy. ____________________
3) I became the first king of a unified Italy. ____________________
4) I became the capital of Italy in 1870. ____________________
5) Sardinia declared war on me in 1848. ____________________
6) Historians call me the “brain” of Italian unity. ____________________
7) I led Italian nationalists in an invasion of Sicily in 1860. ____________________
8) Historians call Garibaldi the “sword” of me. ____________________
9) Cavour made a secret agreement with me. ____________________
10) I am called the “soul” of Italian unity. ____________________
Workbook
Do You Remember? 88
1) Why did Frederick Wilhelm IV refuse parliament’s offer to be the king of all the
German states?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) What did Otto von Bismarck want to do?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What war resulted in an empire called Austria-Hungary?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) What did the Prussian army do to Paris during the Franco-Prussian War?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) Who was the leader of the Second Reich? What was his title?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Imperialism in Asia True or False 89

false.
______ 1) Only two foreign countries can trade in a sphere of influence.
______ 2) Japanese leaders wrote a constitution based on the French system of

Napoleon.
______ 3) India was important to Britain because it provided a market for British
goods.
______ 4) After the Moghul Empire collapsed, India was divided into weak,
independent states.
______ 5) The British took over China to keep the French from expanding westward.
______ 6) Japan became an imperialistic world power after winning a war with Russia
in 1904.
______ 7) Britain took over Afghanistan to protect Japan.
______ 8) For years, China allowed only limited trade with other countries.
______ 9) Europeans forced Japan to give them special trade rights.
______ 10) Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy divided China into four trading
nations.
______ 11) A revolution in 1867 in Japan ended the rule of the shogun.
______ 12) Japan and China were at war with each other from 1894 to 1895.
______ 13) Before 1867, Japan adopted western ideas in transportation and education.
______ 14) France threatened British interests in India.
______ 15) In 1858, the British took over direct rule of India.
Workbook
sentence.
______ 1) Great Britain took over _________ in 1900.

a. Ghana b. Kenya c. Nigeria d. Sudan
______ 2) Egypt stayed independent when it became a British __________ .

a. colony b. protectorate c. ally d. enemy
______ 3) Many countries respected __________ for having the largest European empire in Africa.
a. France b. Germany c. the United States d. Great Britain
______ 4) The military strength of __________ worried other European countries.

a. France b. Great Britain c. Spain d. Germany
______ 5) Italy was defeated when it tried to take over __________ .

a. Tripoli b. Ethiopia c. Ghana d. Libya
______ 6) Imperialism brought improvements in __________ to Africa and Asia.

a. industry b. government c. health d. religion
______ 7) Imperialism led to a strong wave of __________ among Africans and Asians.
a. democracy b. rebellion c. colonialism d. nationalism
______ 8) Spain and __________ had the oldest colonies in Africa.

a. England b. France c. Portugal d. Italy
______ 9) The Suez Canal connected the Mediterranean and __________ Seas.
a. Caribbean b. Arabian c. Red d. Black
______ 10) __________ took control of the Suez Canal in 1875.

a. Britain b. France c. Spain d. Africa
Workbook
Causes of the War Match-Up 91

Column A Column B
______ 1) rival a) his assassination sparked World War I
______ 2) Triple Alliance b) helped nations like Italy and Germany to unite
______ 3) Serbia c) said it would protect Serbia
______ 4) William II d) what countries formed to prevent war
______ 5) Germany e) Great Britain, France, and Russia
______ 6) nationalism f) to try to outdo another country or person
______ 7) Russia g) Austria declared war on this country on July 28, 1914
______ 8) war h) where Ferdinand was killed
______ 9) Britain i) came into the war in support of Serbia
______ 10) militarized j) declared war on Russia in 1914
______ 11) Franz Ferdinand k) kaiser of Germany
______ 12) Triple Entente l) what countries were becoming because of mistrust
______ 13) alliances m) a result of rivalry between European countries
______ 14) Sarajevo n) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
______ 15) France o) honored its alliance with France
Workbook
The Allied and Central Powers 92
Directions: Each item below relates to World War I. Decide if the item describes
the Allied Powers or the Central Powers. Write the letter of each item
after the correct name at the bottom of the page.
a) included Turkey
b) stopped the Germans at the Marne River
c) organized convoys
d) used U-boats to sink neutral ships
e) included Germany
f) introduced the tank in 1916
g) the United States and Japan joined it after the war began
h) agreed to an armistice to end the war
i) included Great Britain
j) introduced poison gas in 1915
k) included France
l) these soldiers were poorly prepared along the eastern front
m) forced the Russians to retreat along the eastern front
n) countries in central Europe
o) included Italy
Allied Powers __________________________________________________________________
Central Powers ________________________________________________________________
Workbook
What Am I? 93
Word Bank
Clemenceau Lorraine the United States
Italy reparations World War II
League of Nations Treaty of Versailles Yugoslavia
Lloyd George
1) I represented France at Versailles. ____________________
2) I am a word that means payment for war damages. ____________________
3) I ended World War I. ____________________
4) Vittorio Orlando represented me at Versailles. ____________________
5) I am a group of leaders from countries of the world. ____________________
6) The League of Nations could not prevent me from starting. ____________________
7) I represented Great Britain at Versailles. ____________________
8) Germany was forced to return me to France. ____________________
9) I am a new country created by the Treaty of Versailles. ____________________
10) Woodrow Wilson represented me at Versailles. ____________________
Workbook
Effects of World War I Crossword 94
1 2 3
5 6
8 9
10
11
12 13
14
Across Down
1) lay in ruin after the war 1) lost one out of every five men between the
2) unable to pay one’s debts ages of 20 and 44
5) became the world’s banker after the war 3) a world ______ affects many countries
11) had large groups of German-speaking 4) this treaty created new countries
people 6) in a ______ war, a country uses all its
13) all the people born about the same time resources to win
14) estimated cost of the war 7) this spread because of the war
8) elected governments replaced these
9) controlled most of the world’s power and
wealth before the war
10) a dictatorship replaced democratic
government in this country
12) European countries could not pay their
______ after the war
Workbook
Czarist Russia True or False 95

false.
______ 1) Alexander III became czar in 1855.
______ 2) A government in which one person has unlimited power is an

autocracy.
______ 3) The 1917 Russian Revolution was an important result of World War I.
______ 4) Russia’s industry began to grow in the eighteenth century.
______ 5) The Duma is the Russian parliament.
______ 6) Nicholas II faced many problems when he became czar in 1894.
______ 7) Bloody Sunday ended the revolution in Russia.
______ 8) In the 1800s, the czar controlled the lives of the Russian people.
______ 9) Alexander II freed serfs and introduced the jury system.
______ 10) A standard of living is a way to judge how well a person or a family is
living.
______ 11) A revolutionary killed Alexander II.
______ 12) Alexander III took great interest in reform.
______ 13) St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Baky became centers of industry in Russia.
______ 14) Nicholas II declared war on Japan so people would think about
something besides revolution.
______ 15) Hundreds of workers were killed on Bloody Sunday.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 96
1) What changes in government did Russian socialists want?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) Who was forced to give up his power as czar? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What were living conditions like in Russia after World War I?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) What is a provisional government?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) What mistake did the Russian provisional government make?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Identifying Important Terms and People 97
A. Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail from Column B.

Column A Column B
______ 1) militia a) new name for Russia
______ 2) Bolshevik b) Lenin’s government took control of all of these
______ 3) Communism c) non-Bolsheviks
______ 4) successor d) small group of like people within a larger group
______ 5) Red Guard e) won the Russian Civil War
______ 6) U.S.S.R. f) founded by Trotsky
______ 7) Whites g) can be called to military service quickly
______ 8) civil war h) one who follows another in a position
______ 9) Reds i) struggle between the Reds and the Whites
______ 10) minority j) economic system
______ 11) industries k) revolutionary socialist group
B. Directions: Write the name of the person each clue describes on the line.
1) Was murdered by Soviet spies in Mexico. ____________________
2) Leader of the Bolsheviks. ____________________
3) Czar who died during the Russian Civil War. ____________________
4) Had a high-ranking position in the Communist Party. ____________________
Workbook
Using Important Terms 98
Directions: Read the words in the Word Bank. On the line before each sentence,
write the letter of the word that correctly completes the sentence.
Word Bank
a) censorship e) economy h) purge
b) collective f) heavy i) quota
c) consumer g) newspapers j) totalitarian
d) disloyal
______ 1) A fixed amount that is the goal to be reached is a _______ .
______ 2) In a _______ state, a small group totally controls the lives of citizens.
______ 3) To _______ is to remove from office.
______ 4) A _______ farm is owned by many peasants and run by the government.
______ 5) The banning of material by those in power is _______ .
______ 6) Products that people buy are called _______ goods.
______ 7) _______ industries include steel mills and power stations.
______ 8) Stalin crushed anyone who he thought was _______ .
______ 9) The Communist government controlled the Russian _______ .
______ 10) Stalin used censorship to control _______ and radio.
Workbook
Directions: Write the letter of the answer that best completes each sentence.
______ 1) A _________ is a person who has served in the military.

a. vatican b. veteran c. Bolshevik d. fascist
______ 2) Fascists preach __________ nationalism.

a. against b. moderate c. conservative d. extreme
______ 3) Italy had a fascist __________ .

a. democracy b. monarchy c. dictatorship d. autocracy
______ 4) The Italians wanted more __________ than the Treaty of Versailles gave them.
a. freedom b. wealth c. rights d. land
______ 5) The “Black Shirts” were followers of __________ .

a. Hitler b. Mussolini c. Franco d. Lenin
______ 6) A fascist government __________ all books and newspapers.

a. censors b. burns c. reads d. publishes
______ 7) __________ became the most feared fascist leader in the world.
a. Hitler b. Stalin c. Mussolini d. Franco
______ 8) Fascism developed during the __________ century.

a. sixteenth b. eighteenth c. nineteenth d. twentieth
______ 9) Fascists believe __________ wins land for their country.

a. money b. military force c. censorship d. nationalism
______ 10) Francisco Franco became a dictator in __________ .

a. Germany b. Italy c. Spain d. Russia
Workbook
Nazi Germany Crossword 100
2 3
4 5
6 7 8
10 11
12 13
14
15
16
Across Down
3) Nationalist Socialist ______ Workers’ Party 1) a quick increase in prices
6) Hitler wanted to get rid of all ______ 2) “leader”
9) national assembly of the Weimar Republic 3) Hitler’s secret police force
10) Nazi symbol 4) book Hitler wrote while in jail
11) what the Nazi’s encouraged against the Jews 5) “Night of Broken Glass”
12) kaiser the Allies forced to step down 7) time of economic collapse
14) better than someone or something else 8) he said that German people were superior
15) party that Hitler joined 10) Jewish building of worship
16) “living space” 12) ______ Republic
13) not as good as someone or something else
Workbook
Chinese Independence True or False 101

false.
______ 1) Sun Yat-sen wanted a democratic government for China.
______ 2) When Sun Yat-sen died, Mao Zedong became China’s leader.
______ 3) In China’s civil war, the peasants supported Chiang Kai-shek.
______ 4) Chinese nationalists wanted to free China from foreign influence.
______ 5) The Soviet Union sent money and military supplies to China.
______ 6) Chiang Kai-shek formed an alliance with the Soviet Union.
______ 7) When Japan invaded China in 1937, China’s civil war stopped.
______ 8) Lenin wanted to introduce socialism to China.
______ 9) Chiang Kai-shek wrote a book called Three Principles of the People.
______ 10) Sun Yat-sen ordered Soviet advisers out of China.
Workbook
Do You Remember? 102
1) What was the Great Depression?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) Why was the Great Depression hard on Japan?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) How was Japan’s government similar to the fascist governments of Germany and Italy?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) What are two reasons Japan attacked Manchuria?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) In 1936, why did Germany and Japan join together?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Causes of World War II Match-Up 103

Column A Column B
______ 1) crisis a) what Hitler called the German people
______ 2) axis b) to praise someone or something
______ 3) glorify c) led to war because Axis Powers wanted to expand
______ 4) Mussolini d) Germany was a totalitarian _______
______ 5) Germany e) the failure of this was a cause of World War II
______ 6) nationalism f) a time of danger
______ 7) League of Nations g) led to war because Axis nations glorified war
______ 8) Axis Powers h) German nationalist leader
______ 9) Hitler i) annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia
______ 10) imperialism j) treaty that made Germany pay for World War I damages
______ 11) Versailles k) make-believe line that goes through the middle of an object
______ 12) dictatorship l) formed an alliance with Italy and Germany
______ 13) Japan m) Italian nationalist leader
______ 14) “master race” n) led to war because Axis nations thought they were superior
______ 15) militarism o) Germany, Italy, and Japan
Workbook
What Am I? 104
Word Bank
appeasement Czechoslovakia Sudetenland
Axis front Versailles
Chamberlain Munich Pact war
conference
1) I am the treaty that Hitler broke. ____________________
2) I am an agreement between Great Britain and Germany. ____________________
3) About three million Germans lived in me. ____________________
4) I am a policy of giving in so that others will be happy. ____________________
5) Hitler promised not to attack me, but he did. ____________________
6) I am a meeting to discuss ideas and plans. ____________________
7) I am what Great Britain and France hoped to avoid. ____________________
8) When I returned to England, I was greeted by cheering crowds. ____________________
9) I am the place where armies fight. ____________________
10) I included Japan, Germany, and Italy. ____________________
Workbook
Directions: Circle the word or phrase that best answers each question.
1) What did Germany invent to quickly defeat its enemies?
tanks blitzkrieg maginot arsenals destroyers

2) What battle was Hitler’s first defeat?
Stalingrad Versailles Britain El Alamein Pearl Harbor

3) To what country did the United States stop selling iron and gasoline?
Germany Soviet Union Italy Japan India

4) Who was the British prime minister during Axis successes in Europe and Asia?
Chamberlain Churchill Hitler Mussolini Roosevelt

5) Where did Axis forces surrender in May 1943?
Russia Japan North Africa India Pearl Harbor

6) What German and British forces fought the Battle of Britain?
land sea total air special

7) What was the French line of defense along the German border called?
Maginot Blitzkrieg Destroyer Versailles Arsenal

8) Where do countries store and make weapons?
destroyers fronts forts arsenals blitzkriegs

9) What program did Franklin Roosevelt develop to help Great Britain get supplies?
Stalingrad Deal Lend-Lease Allied-Aid El Alamein Maginot

10) What kind of ships did Roosevelt send to Britain?
submarines destroyers arsenals blitzkriegs maginots
Workbook
Allied Victories True or False 106

it is false.
______ 1) Guerilla warfare involves large attacks using tanks, planes, and
warships.
______ 2) Defensive means attacking others instead of protecting oneself.
______ 3) Civilians secretly fought against the Nazis in Germany.
______ 4) An occupied country was a country taken over by the Axis Powers.
______ 5) The Allied invasion of France is called V-E Day.
______ 6) The Allies used a plan called “island hopping” in the Atlantic.
______ 7) A kamikaze was a Japanese pilot who crashed on an enemy ship,

destroying the ship and himself.
______ 8) World War II ended in Europe when the United States dropped the
atomic bomb.
______ 9) V-J Day was September 2, 1945.
______ 10) Japan surrendered after the United States bombed Hiroshima.
______ 11) A bomb that uses nuclear energy is called a hydrogen bomb.
______ 12) Hitler killed himself after Allied forces captured Berlin.
______ 13) By October 1944, almost all of eastern and central Europe was under
German control.
______ 14) Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945.
______ 15) Something is nuclear if it has to do with atoms or energy from atoms.
Workbook
Results of World War II Crossword 107
1 2
4 5
6 7
10
11
12 13
14
15
16
17
Across Down
1) country that became a superpower after World 2) nation that has more power and
War II money than other countries
3) these people were killed in concentration camps 3) mass murder of a group of people
6) another superpower after World War II 4) Japan was placed under his control
8) Hitler’s plan to kill all the Jews in Europe after the war
9) someone who is forced to flee from his or her 5) government of Eastern Europe
country 6) nation that another nation tightly
10) six million died in concentration camps controls
13) a mentally ill person has a sickness of the ______ 7) Winston ______
14) government of Western Europe 11) unseen
15) many ______ died in this total war 12) the ______ Curtain
16) what the Japanese gave up in their new 14) another name for concentration
constitution camps
17) World War II wrecked most of these
Workbook
Learning About the United Nations 108
Directions: Complete the paragraphs below. Choose the correct term from the
Word Bank. Some terms may be used more than once.
Word Bank
actions nations Security Council
agencies peacefully Social
Churchill permanent Trusteeship
General Assembly Roosevelt United Nations
independent rulings veto
Justice Secretariat war
military security
President 1) ___________________ and Prime Minister 2) ___________________

wanted all countries to unite to protect everyone from 3) ___________________ . They met
to establish 4) ___________________ , or safety, in the world. They formed the
5) __________________________ . This organization has six parts, each with its own job.
The 6) _________________________ debates world problems, and all member

7) ____________________ belong to it. The 8) _________________________ listens to
arguments between nations and tries to settle them 9) ____________________ . The
10) ___________________________ has 15 members, five of which are
11) __________________ , or lasting. These members have 12) ____________________
power. The 13) ____________________ handles the day-to-day work of the
14) _________________________ . The International Court of 15) ____________________
handles questions of law, but has no power to carry out the 16) ____________________ of
its 17) ____________________ . The Economic and 18) ____________________ Council
tries to stop war through its 19) ____________________ , or groups that provide special
services. The 20) ____________________ Council takes care of all trust territories, most of
which are now 21) _________________________ countries.
The 22) __________________________ now includes more than 150

23) ____________________ as members. It has succeeded in helping many people, but has
not stopped every 24) ______________________ , and does not have its own
25) ____________________ force.
Workbook
Identifying Important Terms 109
Directions: Match each item on the left with a detail on the right.
______ 1) propaganda a) one-sided information
______ 2) Marshall Plan b) used words and ideas as weapons
______ 3) Warsaw Pact c) Stalin wanted to keep ______ from invading the Soviet
Union
______ 4) cold war
d) helped Greece and Turkey defeat the Communists
______ 5) buffer zone
e) this was set up between the Soviet Union and its satellites
______ 6) NATO
f) American plan to rebuild Europe after World War II
______ 7) Truman Doctrine
g) most states in ______ had Communist governments
______ 8) Eastern Europe
h) established by the Soviet Union in 1955
______ 9) alliance
i) group of 19 nations committed to keeping world peace
______ 10) Western Europe
j) neutral area that separates two warring countries
Workbook
1) How did the Soviets try to take over all of Berlin?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) What did the West do to stop the Soviets?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What are some of the differences that existed between North and South Korea after
World War II ended?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) Why didn’t President Truman want to drop an atomic bomb on China?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) What are three reasons the Korean War was important?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
African Nations True or False 111

it is false.
______ 1) Africa has four different geographic areas.
______ 2) The African struggle to gain economic and political freedom from colonial
Europeans is called African Nationalism.
______ 3) The Pan-African Movement trained people who became leaders of new
African nations.
______ 4) Egypt, Ethiopia, and Ghana were the only three independent nations in North
Africa when World War II ended.
______ 5) France went to war with the Arabs and Berbers in Algeria.
______ 6) The first new nation in sub-Sahara Africa was Liberia.
______ 7) Great Britain had ruled the Gold Coast for 113 years.
______ 8) Apartheid refused to give black and other nonwhite people any political,
economic, or social rights.
______ 9) More than 80 African countries had gained their independence by the 1980s.
______ 10) Great Britain supported the apartheid policy in South Africa.
______ 11) Desmond Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent protests
against apartheid.
______ 12) President de Klerk legalized the African National Congress.
______ 13) Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994.
______ 14) To demonstrate is to join together with other people to protest against
something.
______ 15) The British Commonwealth of Nations is a black nationalist group in Africa.
Workbook
Struggles in China Multiple Choice 112
sentence.
______ 1) In 1937, _______ invaded China.

a. Germany b. Russia c. Vietnam d. Japan
______ 2) The Communists used _______ warfare against the Japanese.

a. defensive b. guerilla c. civil d. total
______ 3) Mao Zedong led the _______ forces.

a. Nationalist b. Communist c. Socialist d. Nazi
______ 4) After World War II, _______ wanted to be independent from European nations.
a. Japan b. China c. Jordan d. Vietnam
______ 5) Chiang Kai-shek led the _______ in China.

a. Communists b. terrorists c. Nationalists d. Bolsheviks
______ 6) The United States sent money to _______ army for weapons and training.
a. Mao’s b. Hitler’s c. Chiang’s d. Tojo’s
______ 7) By 1948, the _______ had won control of China.

a. Nationalists b. Socialists c. Bolsheviks d. Communists
______ 8) In 1972, the United States recognized the People’s Republic of _______ .
a. Japan b. Russia c. China d. Israel
______ 9) Chiang and his followers fled to the island of _______ .

a. Taiwan b. Syria c. Taipei d. Togo
______ 10) In 1937, Mao and Chiang united to fight the _______ .
a. Communists b. Japanese c. Russians d. Nationalists
Workbook
What Am I? 113
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct word from the Word Bank
that the sentence describes.
Word Bank
Cambodia guerilla Saigon
election Indochina Vietnam
fort permanent Vietnamization
France
1) Ho Chi Minh and the French divided me into two areas. ________________________
2) In me, people vote to choose someone or something. ________________________
3) I am the U.S. plan to turn the fighting over to the South Vietnamese army.
________________________
4) I controlled Vietnam until 1954. ________________________
5) I am the kind of war that North Vietnam began in order to unite Vietnam.
________________________
6) Ho Chi Minh City became the new name for me. ________________________
7) I am an area in Indochina that became independent. ________________________
8) Japan had conquered me during World War II. ________________________
9) The French decided they could not win the war after I was captured.
________________________
10) The division of Vietnam was not meant to be me. ________________________
Workbook

Column A Column B
______ 1) urbanization a) many African nations are moving toward _______ rule
______ 2) conflict b) fighting
______ 3) drought c) area of a city with too many people and poor housing
______ 4) fertilizer d) someone who has left one place and moved to another
______ 5) migrant e) have damaged farming in many parts of Africa
______ 6) slum f) a substance that kills the bugs that eat crops
______ 7) pesticide g) becoming more like a city
______ 8) civil wars h) long period of time without much rain
______ 9) famine i) substance that makes the soil grow crops
______ 10) democratic j) a big problem for Africa
Workbook
Complete the Sentence 115
Directions: Write the word that best completes each sentence. Choose
your answers from the words in the Word Bank.
Word Bank
ayatollahs Khomeini Shahs
fundamentalists Kurds Shiite
hostages Kuwait Sunni
Israel
1) ____________________ are religious leaders of Iran.
2) People held against their will until certain demands are met are ____________________ .
3) Iranians are mainly ____________________ Muslims.
4) Iraqis are ____________________ Muslims.
5) The Persian Gulf War started because Iraq invaded ____________________ .
6) Saddam Hussein removed nearly 1.5 million Iraqi ____________________ from their
villages.
7) Iranian rulers are called ____________________ .
8) The United States has encouraged ____________________ and its neighbors to settle
their problems.
9) ____________________ wanted religious leaders to rule Iran.
10) Islamic ____________________ have returned to traditional religious values and

rejected much of modern life.
Workbook
1) How did Deng’s economic reforms help the Chinese people? How did they hurt the
Chinese people?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) Why did students go on a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) What does human rights mean?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) What are three reasons economists give for the economic success of Japan?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) What five Asian countries besides China and Japan have experienced economic growth?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Workbook
Soviet Reform True or False 117

it is false.
______ 1) Even though the Soviet Union was a major industrial nation, the Soviet people
did not have many consumer goods.
______ 2) Nikita Khrushchev became the Soviet leader in 1953.
______ 3) Khrushchev did not want to reform the Soviet economy.
______ 4) Stalin replaced Khrushchev in 1964.
______ 5) Mikhail Gorbachev became the Soviet leader in 1985.
______ 6) Glasnost is a Russian word that means openness.
______ 7) Perestroika is an economic policy used by Gorbachev to encourage factories to

produce the goods people wanted.
______ 8) The Soviet parliament met for the first time in May 1989.
______ 9) After the Soviet Union collapsed, Brezhnev became the president of Russia.
______ 10) The Soviet army and the secret police tried to overthrow Gorbachev.
______ 11) A coup is a system that allows for private ownership of business.
______ 12) Boris Yeltsin wanted free-market capitalism for Russia.
______ 13) Gorbachev could not stop the breakup of the Soviet Union, and he was
assassinated.
______ 14) Russia was the smallest republic of the former Soviet Union.
______ 15) Today, Russia is a more powerful nation than the Soviet Union ever was.
Workbook
Directions: Circle the answer that best completes each sentence.

Choose your answers from the words in parentheses.
1) Eastern Europe revolted against (foreign, Communist, Democratic) rule many times.
2) (Soviet, Austrian, Hungarian) soldiers cut down the barbed-wire fence between Austria
and Hungary.
3) The Polish shipbuilder’s union that went on strike in 1980 is (Solidarity, Soviets, Tariff).
4) The (Berlin Tariff, Berlin Wall, Ethnic Wall) divided the people of East and West Berlin.
5) Getting rid of a group of people because of religious or racial differences is called

(Holocaust, striking, ethnic cleansing).
6) Slobodan Milosevic was the leader of the Serbian republic of (the Soviet Union,
Germany, Yugoslavia).
7) A (tariff, strike, currency) is a tax that countries put on their imports and exports.
8) Atomic bombs and missiles are (guerilla, NATO, nuclear) weapons.
9) (Dollars, Currency, Tariff) is the form of money a country uses.
10) Supporters of NATO thought it could bring (Communism, democracy,

consumer goods) to all of Europe.
Workbook
What Am I? 119
Directions: After each sentence, write the correct word or phrase from
the Word Bank that the sentence describes.
Word Bank
advertising global village multinational
corporation
computer Internet
technology
electricity mass
communication village
employ
World Wide Web
1) I describe the sharing of ideas, cultures, and traditions throughout the world.
______________________________
2) I am the use of science to do practical things. ______________________________
3) Something that is electronic is powered by me. ______________________________
4) I made the Internet easier to use. ______________________________
5) I am a word that means to hire someone to work. ______________________________
6) I am messages directed at many people. ______________________________
7) People use me to announce or sell things. ______________________________
8) I am an international computer network. ______________________________
9) A technological revolution as important as the Industrial Revolution was started by me.

______________________________
10) I am a company that hires people and has business interests around the world.
______________________________
Workbook
Energy and Technology Crossword 120
1 2 3
4 5
10 9
11
12 13
14
Across Down
1) energy makes ______ work 2) the electronic ______ sends information
6) the land, sea, and air of our world from telephones, TVs, and computers
7) technology has improved it with surgery 3) they have designed new cars and invented
and lasers medical machines
8) tool that provides high-energy beams of 4) has been the major source of energy in the
light twentieth century
10) the ______ cell can produce electricity 5) making water, air, or land unclean and
from light unhealthy
12) discovered black holes 6) power that makes machines work and
13) without energy, this cannot be done produces heat
14) what the photoelectric cell produces 9) was a source of energy in the nineteenth
century
11) what the electronic superhighway sends
Workbook

Column A Column B
______ 1) subsistence a) what the World Bank tries to improve
______ 2) compete b) what most poor, developing countries have to sell
______ 3) World Bank c) organization that supplies needy members with money
______ 4) developing country d) depending on one another
______ 5) Northern Hemisphere e) an economic slowdown
______ 6) recession f) the economic engine for Asia
______ 7) IMF g) they satisfy the wants and needs of consumers
______ 8) free-market h) farming in which people grow crops for their own use
______ 9) interdependent i) to try to do better than someone else
______ 10) Southern Hemisphere j) where most of the successful free-market countries are
______ 11) education k) where many developing countries are
______ 12) manufacturers l) nation that is slowly developing its economy
______ 13) technology m) economy in which manufacturers try to satisfy consumers
______ 14) raw materials n) what free-market countries make use of
______ 15) Japan o) directs money from industrialized to developing nations
Workbook
1) Where is the problem of water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides the most serious?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2) Why do many people fear global warming?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3) With what kinds of pollution do cities in Asia have major problems?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4) What happens if the industrial countries cut back on the use of fossil fuels?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5) What are three things we can do to help the environment?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

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Name Date Period Chapter 1

Directions: Write the answers to these questions using complete

1) How have we learned about what happened to people in the past?

Directions: Complete the paragraphs below. Choose the correct term

History is important because it can help us remember our 1) _______________.

History 7) _______________ us to all people and gives us 8) _______________. By

Directions: Read each sentence. Write T if the statement is true or F if

______ 2) Archaeologists study the beginnings and the behavior of people.

______ 3) Dates are an important part of learning about history.

______ 5) Anthropologists study artifacts to learn how people lived.

______ 6) Calendars are based on historic events.

______ 11) Artifacts include tools, weapons, pottery, and jewelry.

______ 15) For historians, the past is like a jigsaw puzzle.

Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail in

______ 2) embers b) a person who moves from place to place

______ 3) farming c) to rot away or spoil

______ 4) prehistory d) a famous prehistoric monument made up of huge

______15) civilization m) a building or object that stands in place and is often

o) a well-educated person who has a great deal of

1) I am a word that means to bring water to fields and crops. _______________

2) I begin in the Himalayas. _______________

4) I am a flat writing pad made of clay. _______________

6) I am a word that means to move from one place to another. _______________

11) I am an inner room open to the sky. _______________

12) I helped people see if any enemies were coming. _______________

13) I am a figure that tells a story. _______________

Write the Correct Answer 7

1) The Chinese began to build cities near the _______________(Yangtze,

Shang Dynasty Multiple Choice 8

Directions: Circle the letter of the answer that correctly completes

1) A _______ is a family that rules a country over a long period of time.

Directions: Write the answers to these questions using complete

• army used bronze weapons

Phoenicians and Hebrews True or False 11

Directions: Read each sentence. Write T if the statement is true or F if

______ 5) A commandment is an agreement.

______ 6) We remember the Phoenicians because they gave us the alphabet.

______ 9) The Phoenicians lived in Canaan.

______11) We call the eastern tip of the Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia.

______12) Morality is the right way of behaving toward others.

______14) Phoenicians settled in Carthage, Africa, about 1100 B.C.

______15) The cuneiform alphabet had 22 letters.

Directions: Complete the paragraphs below. Choose the correct term

The Chaldeans became a powerful Middle-Eastern

The city of 6) _________________ was made beautiful by

Chaldean 13) _________________ studied the night sky from a

Important People and Terms 14

Directions: Match each item in Column A with a detail in Column B.

______ 2) inspector b) divided Persian Empire into 20 provinces

______ 3) Darius I c) to pass along a message

______ 4) barter d) Zoroastrianism affected ______and

______ 9) influence h) to trade things without using money

______10) litter i) to bring together as one

______11) preach j) king of Persia in 538 B.C.

______12) Zoroaster k) looks at how things are being done

o) Persians refused to become ______

Directions: Circle the correct term to answer each question.

a delta a river valley the mountains a forest a seashore

an ocean a forest the Fertile Crescent a desert a field

3) When does the Nile flood?

4) Where does the Nile begin?

India Africa Asia Mediterranean Sea Indian Ocean

5) Floods can cause harm, so some people think of them as what?

destroyers deltas disasters ditches dikes

History 7) _ us to all people and gives us 8) _. By

4) barter d) Zoroastrianism affected and

3) geometry c) Alexander was a pupil of

5) Euclid e) Alexander freed from Persian rule

14) Babylon m) people adopted the Greek