The

Lymphatic
System
 • The lymphatic system is a linear
network of lymphatic vessels and
THE secondary lymphoid organs.
• It is responsible for the fluid
LYM balance. Interstitial fluid is being
PHA filtered and brought back into the
bloodstream.
TIC • It absorbs and transports fatty
acids and fats from the digestive
SYS system.
TEM • It transports white blood cells and
dendritic cells for the defense
system of the body.
The Lymphatic
System’s Parts
and Functions
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS
 Lymph (Lymphatic Fluid)
PARTS
It is a fluid in the lymphatic system
AND originating from the interstitial fluid
that enters the lymphatic vessels. It
FUNC contains nutrients, oxygen,
hormones, and fatty acids, as well as
TIONS toxins and cellular waste products,
that are transported to and from
cellular tissues.
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Lymph Vessels

These are one-way valve vessels connected

to lymphatic capillaries. it transports lymph
from peripheral tissues to the veins of the
cardiovascular system.
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS
Lymph Nodes

It is a lymphatic tissue, usually in clusters,

separated into compartments by fibrous
partitions which help defend the body
against foreign substances. These are also
sites of hemopoeisis (T and B Lymphocytes).
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Spleen

It is a mass of lymphatic tissue found above and

behind the cardiac portion of the stomach. It
contains white pulp (site of lymphocytes) and
red pulp (filters the blood).
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS
Tonsils

These are lymphoepithelial tissues located

in your mouth and throat. It protects the
body against pathogens and other
potentially harmful microorganisms entering
from the nose and the mouth.
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Thymus

It is located in the thoracic cavity between the

trachea and sternum superior to the heart. It
serves as the site of T-lymphocyte maturation,
development, and control.
Immunity
 5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
I
Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and
M destroy disease-causing germs.
M Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the
body and causes immune response; molecules
U produced by the body.

N 1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is in tissue fluid and

plasma and defends against bacterial cells,
I viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a
group of immune system enzymes.
T 2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is in exocrine gland
Y secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears) and
defends against bacteria and viruses.
I
3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is found in plasma
M and activates complement and reacts with
blood cells during transfusions.
M
U 4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) can be found on
surface of B cells, especially those of infants.
N It activates B cells

I 5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is found in exocrine

gland secretions and promotes allergic
T reactions.
Y
 Innate Immunity
I
•Innate immunity is our first defense
M against invaders.
M •Innate immunity refers to nonspecific
U defense mechanisms that come into
play immediately or within hours of an
N antigen's appearance in the body.
I •Act as physical and chemical barriers
T against pathogens such as skin,
chemicals in the blood, and immune
Y system cells that attack foreign cells in
the body.
I
M Main Components of Innate Immunity:
M 1) physical epithelial barriers
U 2) phagocytic leukocytes
N 3) dendritic cells
4) a special type of lymphocyte called
I natural killer (NK) cell
T 5) circulating plasma proteins
Y
 Acquired Immunity

I •Acquired immunity takes time to develop after

first exposure to a new antigen. However
M afterward, the antigen is remembered, and
subsequent responses to that antigen are quicker
M and more effective than those that occurred
U after the first exposure.
•Acquired immunity is also called specific
N immunity because it tailors its attack to a specific
antigen previously encountered. Its hallmarks are
I its ability to learn, adapt, and remember.
T •Acquired immunity develops before exposure to
agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign
Y substances. It involves a very specific response to
pathogens.
 Adaptive Immunity
I
M •Adaptive immunity develops after
exposure to agents such as microbes,
M toxins, or other foreign substances. It
U involves a very specific response to
N pathogens.
•Two types of adaptive immune
I responses: humoral immunity, mediated
T by antibodies produced by B
lymphocytes, and cell-mediated
Y immunity, mediated by T lymphocytes.
 Active Immunity

I •It develops naturally when memory cells form

clones in response to an infection and can also
M develop following immunization, also called
vaccination.
M •In immunization, a nonpathogenic form of a
microbe or part of a microbe elicits an immune
U response to an immunological memory.

N Passive Immunity
I •It provides immediate, short-term protection.
T •It is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the
placenta from mother to fetus or when IgA passes
Y from mother to infant in breast milk.
•It can be conferred artificially by injecting
antibodies into a nonimmune person.
I
M
M
U
N
I
T
Y
Lymphatic
System
Diseases
D Lymphedema

I It is a lymphatic disorder that involves

obstruction, lymph fluid builds up in the tissues.
S
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
E
It is caused by a retrovirus called human
A immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is the most
S severe phase of HIV infection. People with AIDS
have such badly damaged immune systems
E that they get an increasing number of severe
illnesses, called opportunistic infections (such as
S tuberculosis).